High-yield amplification ofCryptosporidium parvumin interferon γ receptor knockout mice

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (10) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. von OETTINGEN ◽  
M. NATH-CHOWDHURY ◽  
B. J. WARD ◽  
A. C. RODLOFF ◽  
M. J. ARROWOOD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
External Sources ◽  
And Storage

SUMMARYTo date, large-scale production ofCryptosporidium parvumoocysts has only been achieved by amplification in neonatal calves and sheep. Many laboratories currently depend on supplies from external sources and store oocysts for prolonged periods which results in progressive loss of viability. Six to 8-week-old interferon γ receptor knockout (IFNγR-KO) mice on a C57BL/6 background were inoculated by gavage (2000 oocysts/animal). Fecal pellets were collected daily from 7 days post-infection (p.i.) up to 2 weeks p.i. Intestinal oocyst yield was assessed at days 11, 12 and 14 p.i. by homogenization of intestinal tissues. Ether extraction and one or more NaCl flotations were used to purify oocysts. Total recoveries averaged 2·6×106oocysts/mouse from fecal material and 3·8×107oocysts/mouse from intestinal tissues. Overall, 2·3×109purified oocysts were obtained from 60 mice. Recovered oocysts were capable of sporulation and were shown to be infectious bothin vitroandin vivo. Oocyst amplification was achieved in only 11–14 days with minimal expense. The simplicity of this method presents a practical alternative for the routine passage, maintenance and storage ofC. parvumin biomedical laboratories.

scholarly journals Production of Phytotoxic Metabolite Using Biphasic Fermentation System from Strain C1136 of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, a Potential Bioherbicidal Agent

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
Charles Oluwaseun ADETUNJI ◽  
Julius Kola OLOKE ◽  
Gandham PRASAD ◽  
Moses ABALAKA ◽  
Emenike Onyebum IROKANULO
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Phytotoxic Metabolite ◽  
Biphasic Fermentation

Formulation of effective and environmental friendly bioherbicides depends on the type of fermentation medium used for the production of phytotoxic metabolites. The effect of biomass, colony forming unit and the phytotoxic metabolite produced from the biphasic fermentation was carried out, while the phytotoxic metabolite was  tested in vivo and in-vitro on Echinochola crus-galli and dicotyledonous Chromolaena odorata. The mutant strain of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae C1136 (Lp90) produced the highest amount of conidia and the largest necrotic area on the two tested weeds when compared to its wild strain in the different biphasic media combinations. The study revealed that the biphasic system containing PDB + rice produced the highest bioherbicidal activities. Therefore, the phytotoxic metabolites from strain C1136 are suggested for large scale production of bioherbicides for the management of weeds in conventional farming to improve yield and enhance food security.

scholarly journals Biochemical assessment of in vitro and in vivo culture of Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merr

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Antaryami Kaushik ◽  
Chandra Gurnani ◽  
Shyam Sunder ◽  
Abha Dhingra ◽  
Vikram Chimpa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Tylophora Indica ◽  
Shoot Initiation ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein

Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merr is an endangered plant which can be protected from extinction by its large scale production. Nodal segments of healthy plants are used as explants and cultured on MS Basal medium fortified with different growth regulators. Optimum shoot induction conditions from explants were established. In vitro and in vivo phytochemical test were done by using standard methods for chlorophyll, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and starch. 3mg/l 2, 4 D showed maximum and success full callus production. Shoot initiation started in 7 days and best shoot regeneration reported with 3 mg/ml BAP in Basal medium. Combination of IBA and NAA in concentration 2 and 4 mg/l respectively proved to be best for root initiation. Concentration of chlorophyll, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and starch in vitro and in vivo culture are investigated. DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v6i2.4005Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.6. No II, November, 2010, pp.1-5

Factor VIII With Monophasic Degradation, Produced by a New Fastthawing Method

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ezoan ◽  
J.F. Hansen ◽  
J. Gormsen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Labile Component ◽  
Small Pool ◽  
One Year

A new method has been developed for the large-scale production of cryopre-cipitate with a high yield of factor VIII. The freeze-dried factor VIII product has a solubility comparable to that of intermediate purified products and snows a remarkable in vivo stability. These improvements have been mainly accomplished by using a fast thawing method based on energy transfer through microwaves. Deep-frozen plasma bags (200 ml) are thawed in less than 10 min. with the temperature no where exceeding 4°C. In our routine production of freeze-dried, small-pool cryoprecipitate the yield of factor VIII is about 450 Units/liter of plasma. The concentration of the dissolved product is high being at least 2.0 Units/ml. This factor VIII concentrate has been used for home treatment for about one year, Clinical studies have snown a mean factor VIII recovery of 99.7% and a loss in activity of only 25% during the first 5 hours. The degradation follows a single exponential decay with time. This result indicates the absence of a labile component of factor VI VIII, which is usually observed along with the more stable component.

Fluorescent carbon dots as prospective nanoagents for imaging-assisted biomedical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Minh Tu Phan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Intense Exploitation ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots

: Carbon dots (CDs), an emerging nanoagent providing an alternative to conventional fluorescent agents, are sparking the scientist’s interest in biomedical applications owing to their unique advantages, including ease of synthesis, large scale production, low cost, prominent photoluminescence, good photostability, easy functionalization, sufficient biocompatibility, good nanocarrier, and excellent ability to generate reactive oxygen species or heat. Herein, this perspective provides a viewpoint about imaging-assisted biomedical applications using fluorescent CDs regarding in vitro and in vivo bioimaging, imaging-assisted sensing, and imaging-guided therapy. The opinions about their potential and challenges in applicable biomedical applications are discussed to develop, further ameliorated CDs for their intense exploitation in diverse imaging-assisted biomedical applications.

Production of cattle embryos by in vitro and in vivo culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 53-53
Author(s):  
K.H. Lu ◽  
I. Gordon ◽  
M. Gallagher ◽  
H. McGovern
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Embryo Yield ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
In Vivo Culture

A previous report from this laboratory recorded a yield of 60 per cent of embryos recovered at the morulae/blastocyst stage of development after the in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes and their subsequent culture in vivo in the sheep oviduct (Lu et al., 1987). When these embryos were transferred by non-surgical procedures to recipient heifers, they established normal pregnancy rates (12/18, 67%) which resulted in the birth of seven sets of twins and five single calves. The objective of the present study was to examine the possibility of large-scale production of cattle embryos using the oocyte maturation and IVF procedures previously employed. A further objective was to determine the effect on embryo yield of transferring varying numbers of fertilized eggs (zygotes) to the sheep oviduct for in vivo culture.Ovaries were collected fran beef heifers shortly after slaughter and brought to the laboratory within one hour, held at 30°C in phosphate buffered saline supplemented with 0.3 per cent bovine serun albumin and 0.05 mg kanemycin/ml. Non-atretic vesicular follicles (2 - 6 mm diameter) were dissected fran the ovaries and the oocytes liberated by follicule rupture, particular care being taken to preserve the integrity of the oocyte-cumulus-corplex.

scholarly journals Lentiviral Vectors for Delivery of Gene-Editing Systems Based on CRISPR/Cas: Current State and Perspectives

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Wendy Dong ◽  
Boris Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lentiviral Vector ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Epigenome Editing ◽  
Vector Systems ◽  
Dividing Cells

CRISPR/Cas technology has revolutionized the fields of the genome- and epigenome-editing by supplying unparalleled control over genomic sequences and expression. Lentiviral vector (LV) systems are one of the main delivery vehicles for the CRISPR/Cas systems due to (i) its ability to carry bulky and complex transgenes and (ii) sustain robust and long-term expression in a broad range of dividing and non-dividing cells in vitro and in vivo. It is thus reasonable that substantial effort has been allocated towards the development of the improved and optimized LV systems for effective and accurate gene-to-cell transfer of CRISPR/Cas tools. The main effort on that end has been put towards the improvement and optimization of the vector’s expression, development of integrase-deficient lentiviral vector (IDLV), aiming to minimize the risk of oncogenicity, toxicity, and pathogenicity, and enhancing manufacturing protocols for clinical applications required large-scale production. In this review, we will devote attention to (i) the basic biology of lentiviruses, and (ii) recent advances in the development of safer and more efficient CRISPR/Cas vector systems towards their use in preclinical and clinical applications. In addition, we will discuss in detail the recent progress in the repurposing of CRISPR/Cas systems related to base-editing and prime-editing applications.

Optimizing in vitro large scale production of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) by liquid medium culture

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Cavallaro ◽  
Cristina Patanè ◽  
Salvatore L. Cosentino ◽  
Isabella Di Silvestro ◽  
Venera Copani
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Medium Culture ◽  
Arundo Donax L

Large-scale production of polyoma middle T antigen by using genetically engineered tumors

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1795-1799
Author(s):  
D R Kaplan ◽  
B Bockus ◽  
T M Roberts ◽  
J Bolen ◽  
M Israel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metallothionein Promoter ◽  
Polyoma Middle T Antigen ◽  
Nih 3T3

A recombinant plasmid containing a metallothionein promoter-polyoma middle T cDNA fusion was constructed and used to transfect NIH 3T3 cells. Transformed cells expressing middle T were injected into nude mice. Within 3 weeks, each mouse produced tumors containing middle T equivalent to that in 250 to 1,000 100-mm dishes of polyomavirus-infected cells. This middle T, partially purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, retained activity as measured by its ability to be phosphorylated in vitro. The combined approach of fusing strong promoters to genes of interest and utilizing nude mice to grow large quantities of cells expressing the gene provides a quick, inexpensive alternative to other expression systems.

Liposomes

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-87
Author(s):  
Mangal Shailesh Nagarsenker ◽  
Megha Sunil Marwah
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Characterisation Techniques

The science of liposomes has expanded in ambit from bench to clinic through industrial production in thirty years since the naissance of the concept. This chapter makes an attempt to bring to light the impregnable contributions of great researchers in the field of liposomology that has witnessed clinical success in the recent times. The journey which began in 1965 with the observations of Bangham and further advances made en route (targeting/stealthing of liposomes) along with alternative and potential liposome forming amphiphiles has been highlighted in this chapter. The authors have also summarised the conventional and novel industrially feasible methods used to formulate liposomes in addition to characterisation techniques which have been used to set up quality control standards for large scale production. Besides, the authors have provided with an overview of primary therapeutic and diagnostic applications and a brief insight into the in vivo behaviour of liposomes.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Production of Human iPSC-Derived Macrophages for Drug Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gutbier ◽  
Florian Wanke ◽  
Nadine Dahm ◽  
Anna Rümmelin ◽  
Silke Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Screening ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neoplastic Cell ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Compound Screening ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Tissue-resident macrophages are key players in inflammatory processes, and their activation and functionality are crucial in health and disease. Numerous diseases are associated with alterations in homeostasis or dysregulation of the innate immune system, including allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Macrophages are a prime target for drug discovery due to their major regulatory role in health and disease. Currently, the main sources of macrophages used for therapeutic compound screening are primary cells isolated from blood or tissue or immortalized or neoplastic cell lines (e.g., THP-1). Here, we describe an improved method to employ induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for the high-yield, large-scale production of cells resembling tissue-resident macrophages. For this, iPSC-derived macrophage-like cells are thoroughly characterized to confirm their cell identity and thus their suitability for drug screening purposes. These iPSC-derived macrophages show strong cellular identity with primary macrophages and recapitulate key functional characteristics, including cytokine release, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that genetic modifications can be readily introduced at the macrophage-like progenitor stage in order to interrogate drug target-relevant pathways. In summary, this novel method overcomes previous shortcomings with primary and leukemic cells and facilitates large-scale production of genetically modified iPSC-derived macrophages for drug screening applications.

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