Parasitism underground: determinants of helminth infections in two species of subterranean rodents (Octodontidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (10) ◽  
pp. 1569-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. ROSSIN ◽  
A. I. MALIZIA ◽  
J. T. TIMI ◽  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Subterranean Rodents ◽  
South American ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Helminth Infections

SUMMARYPatterns of infection among hosts in a population are often driven by intrinsic host features such as age or sex, as well as by positive or negative interactions between parasite species. We investigated helminth parasitism in 2 South American rodent species,Ctenomys australisandC. talarum(Octodontidae), to determine whether the unusual solitary and subterranean nature of these hosts would impact their patterns of infection. We applied generalized linear models to infection data on a total of 7 helminth species (1 inC. australisand 6 inC. talarum). Host age and season of capture influenced infection levels in some of the helminth species, but none were influenced by host body condition. InC. talarum, 4 pairs of helminth species showed significant associations, either asymmetrical or symmetrical, and with 3 of the 4 being positive; strong inter-specific facilitation appears likely in 1 case. Also, we found that female hosts, especially non-pregnant ones, harboured heavier infections of 2 nematode species than male hosts. This is in sharp contrast to the general male-bias reported for most studies of nematodes in wild mammals, and we develop explanations for these results based on the unusual ecology of these subterranean rodents.

A Morphometric Approach in South American Stipoids with Plumose and Pappus-like Awns

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Sergio E. Sclovich ◽  
Agostina B. Sassone ◽  
Silvana M. Sede ◽  
Liliana M. Giussani
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
South American ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Abstract—Within grasses, the tribe Stipeae is highly specialized by the presence of only one fruit per spikelet and characterized by the diversity in the ornamentation of the floret. Our aim was to analyze similarities and differences based on multi- and univariate analyses among closely related species in American Stipeae: Jarava species with plumose-like awns and species of Pappostipa with pappus-like awns. Ordination analyses (principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis) were used to determine major groupings, while significant differences among groups were tested by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis based on generalized linear models (GLM). Based on morphological similarities, we delimited five groups. The presence of a small floret characterized Jarava annua, J. media, and J. plumosula, although J. annua was clearly distinguished by the distribution of hairs in the awn column. Jarava subplumosa and J. psylantha were characterized by the pubescence of the culm, the length of the floret callus, the length of the awn subule, and the length of the awn hairs. Pappostipa was distinctive by having hairs only in the awn column that resemble a pappus while Jarava neaei + J. pogonathera presented the longest inflorescences and hairs only on the awn subule, resembling a feather. As a result, we present a key to taxa and descriptions to characterize and identify species within the Jarava-Pappostipa group with plumose and pappus-like awns.

Diversity of nematodes in the yellow-necked field mouseApodemus flavicollisfrom the Peripannonic region of Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Čabrilo ◽  
V.M. Jovanović ◽  
O. Bjelić-Čabrilo ◽  
I. Budinski ◽  
J. Blagojević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Taxonomic Distinctness ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Longitudinal Gradient

AbstractUp to six nematode species were identified from 86 specimens of the yellow-necked field mouseApodemus flavicollisfrom three mountainous localities known as Avala, Cer and Liškovac in Serbia. The highest prevalence of infection of 97% was recorded from Mt. Avala. Only one nematode species,Syphacia frederici, occurred in all three localities. There was complete overlap in nematode species from Mts. Avala and Liškovac, whereas the taxonomic distinctness of Mt. Cer was seen in the presence of the insect-transmitted speciesRictularia proni. Locality was a statistically significant factor in all the best-fitted generalized linear models of variation in abundances. The highest level of both species richness and parasite alpha diversity (Shannon'sH= 1.47) was found in the easternmost Mt. Liškovac, whereas the diversity indices were lowest for the westernmost Mt. Cer (Shannon'sH= 0.48). In view of this geographical difference, the beta diversity indices were calculated along a west to east longitudinal gradient.

scholarly journals Helminth parasites of Phyllodactylidae and Gekkonidae lizards in a Caatinga ecological station, northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandeberg F. Lima ◽  
Samuel V. Brito ◽  
João A. Araujo Filho ◽  
Diêgo A. Teles ◽  
Samuel C. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
South American ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
New Occurrences

Abstract We investigated the parasites of five lizard species belonging to Phyllodactylidae (Phyllopezus pollicaris and Gymnodactylus geckoides) and Gekkonidae (Hemidactylus agrius, Lygodactylus klugei and Hemidactylus brasilianus) families in a semiarid region of Brazil. Six nematode species were identified: Parapharyngodon alvarengai and Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis (Pharyngodonidae), Physaloptera lutzi (Physalopteridae), Skrjabinelazia intermedia (Seuratidae), Trichospirura sp. (Rhabdochonidae) and Piratuba sp. (Onchocercidae), and a cestode species, Oochoristica sp. (Linstowiidae). The most prevalent species were Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis, which infected P. pollicaris (75%), and Parapharyngodon alvarengai, which infected G. geckoides (29%). South American lizards were identified as being new hosts for the Trichospirura genus (a usual parasite of mammals), and there were 16 new occurrences of parasite species in the five lizard species studied herein.

scholarly journals Helminths of domestic and wild chicken birds (Aves: Galliformes) of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
F. D. Akramova ◽  
U. A. Shakarbaev ◽  
A. S. Zhangabaev ◽  
I. M. Arepbaev ◽  
S. Sh. Rabbimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Domestic Chicken ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Grey Partridge ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the research is studying existing fauna and ecology of Galliform helminths in biogeocenoses of Uzbekistan.Materials and methods. Parasitic worms were collected from chicken-like birds of the terrestrial cenoses of Karakalpakstan and North-eastern Uzbekistan. Birds were studied in all seasons of 2018–2020. Wild birds – Himalayan hen, keklik, grey partridge, quail and pheasant, were hunted by local hunters during hunting seasons, while domestic birds - chickens, turkeys and guinea fowls were uncovered from different types of poultry farms. The study of birds was carried out by well-known methods. It was examined 913 wild and 755 domestic chicken-like animals. The detected cestodes and trematodes were fixed in 70% alcohol, and the nematodes were fixed in Barbagallo liquid. The determination of helminth species was carried out according to the well-known guidelines of domestic and foreign authors.Results and discussion. We found that helminthoses were widespread among representatives of Galliformes in Uzbekistan. Total helminth infections in domestic and wild Galliformes were 50.5%. In infected birds, 44 helminth species were identified, among which 10 species were cestodes, 12 species were trematodes and 22 species were nematodes. Helminth species diversity was the most extensive in the domestic chicken (36 species), turkey (21), and partridge (20). For the first time for the helminth fauna in Galliformes in Uzbekistan, we identified 3 trematode species – Brachylaema fuscatus, Collyriclum faba and Echinostoma miyagawai, and 10 nematode species of the genera Capillaria, Aonchotheca, Ascaridia, Heterakis, Dispharynx, Streptocara, Tetrameres, Diplotriaena and Ornithofilaria. 

scholarly journals A Guide to Helminth Parasites Reported from Shorebirds (Charadriidae) from the Americas

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Albert G. Canaris ◽  
Sofia Capasso ◽  
Gay J. Canaris
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
The Family ◽  
Host Parasite

The shorebird family Charadriidae in the Americas consists of 21 native and 7 vagrant species. Members of the family occupy a diversity of open habitats, ranging from Arctic tundra during nesting, coastal sands, and mudflats to inland prairies, savannas, and wetlands. Some native plovers migrate from nesting grounds in North America to wintering grounds in South America (Hayman et al., 1986; Paulson, 2005; Winkler et al., 2020). Our search of the literature revealed the following: 17 of 28 host species infected with helminth parasites, 153 helminth species, and 199 infections involving 13 geographic areas. The purpose of this guide is to provide easy access to this data and information relevant to helminth infections in charadriids from the Americas. Information is summarized in Tables I–VI. Table I lists in sequence host, parasite, geographic location, and attenuated citation. Common names are given for each host. Host names are listed alphabetically, and older scientific names used in the literature search are in parentheses. Host geographic distribution is abbreviated as follows: NA = North America, M = Mexico, CA = Central America, SA = South America, A = Americas (NA + M + CA + SA). If present, parasite species are listed in the following order: trematode, cestode, nematode, and acanthocephala. The helminth species names are listed as they were given in the cited literature. Tables II–V are parasite-host lists for trematode, cestode, nematode, and acanthocephalan species and host of the species associated with the parasite. Table VI is a summary of information extracted from the tables and literature cited section.

Effect of Different Dentifrices, Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide, and Red Wine on Surface Color and Roughness of Bovine Enamel

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Garcia ◽  
WF Vieira-Junior ◽  
JD Theobaldo ◽  
NIP Pini ◽  
GM Ambrosano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Objective: To evaluate color and roughness of bovine enamel exposed to dentifrices, dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and erosion/staining by red wine. Methods: Bovine enamel blocks were exposed to: artificial saliva (control), Oral-B Pro-Health (stannous fluoride with sodium fluoride, SF), Sensodyne Repair & Protect (bioactive glass, BG), Colgate Pro-Relief (arginine and calcium carbonate, AR), or Chitodent (chitosan, CHI). After toothpaste exposure, half (n=12) of the samples were bleached (35% HP), and the other half were not (n=12). The color (CIE L*a* b*, ΔE), surface roughness (Ra), and scanning electron microscopy were evaluated. Color and roughness were assessed at baseline, post-dentifrice and/or -dental bleaching, and after red wine. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ΔE) for repeated measures (Ra), followed by Tukey ́s test. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed by generalized linear models (a=0.05). Results: The HP promoted an increase in Ra values; however, the SF, BG, and AR did not enable this alteration. After red wine, all groups apart from SF (unbleached) showed increases in Ra values; SF and AR promoted decreases in L* values; AR demonstrated higher ΔE values, differing from the control; and CHI decreased the L* variation in the unbleached group. Conclusion: Dentifrices did not interfere with bleaching efficacy of 35% HP. However, dentifrices acted as a preventive agent against surface alteration from dental bleaching (BG, SF, and AR) or red wine (SF). Dentifrices can decrease (CHI) or increase (AR and SF) staining by red wine.

Economic burden of readmission due to postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak in Chinese patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 1105-1115
Author(s):  
Shuqing Wu ◽  
Xin Cui ◽  
Shaoyu Zhang ◽  
Wenqi Tian ◽  
Jiazhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage ◽  
Index Hospitalization ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hospitalization Cost

Aim: This real-world data study investigated the economic burden and associated factors of readmissions for cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) post-cranial, transsphenoidal, or spinal index surgeries. Methods: Costs of CSFL readmissions and index hospitalizations during 2014–2018 were collected. Readmission cost was measured as absolute cost and as percentage of index hospitalization cost. Factors associated with readmission cost were explored using generalized linear models. Results: Readmission cost averaged US$2407–6106, 35–94% of index hospitalization cost. Pharmacy costs were the leading contributor. Generalized linear models showed transsphenoidal index surgery and surgical treatment for CSFL were associated with higher readmission costs. Conclusion: CSFL readmissions are a significant economic burden in China. Factors associated with higher readmission cost should be monitored.

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