Population dynamics of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica: the effect of time and spatial separation on the genetic diversity of fluke populations in the Netherlands

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. WALKER ◽  
C. JOHNSTON ◽  
E. M. HOEY ◽  
I. FAIRWEATHER ◽  
F. BORGSTEEDE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Temporal Sampling ◽  
The Stability

SUMMARYAn evaluation of the genetic diversity within Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) may provide an insight into its potential to respond to environmental changes, such as anthelmintic use or climate change. In this study, we determined the mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of >400 flukes from 29 individual cattle, from 2 farms in the Netherlands, as an exemplar of fasciolosis in a European context. Analysis of this dataset has provided us with a measure of the genetic variation within infrapopulations (individual hosts) and the diversity between infrapopulations within a herd of cattle. Temporal sampling from one farm allowed for the measurement of the stability of genetic variation at a single location, whilst the comparison between the two farms provided information on the variation in relation to distance and previous anthelmintic regimes. We showed that the liver fluke population in this region is predominantly linked to 2 distinct clades. Individual infrapopulations contain a leptokurtic distribution of genetically diverse flukes. The haplotypes present on a farm have been shown to change significantly over a relatively short time-period.

Livestock Effects on Genetic Variation of Creosote Bushes in Patagonian Rangelands

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia P. Souto ◽  
Mariana Tadey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Monte Desert ◽  
Larrea Divaricata

SummaryGenetic diversity is the raw material for species’ persistence over time, providing the potential to survive stochastic events, as well as climate and/or human-induced environmental changes. Biodiversity in dry rangelands is decreasing due to intensification of livestock production, but its effects on the genetic diversity of the consumed biota have seldom been assessed. We examined livestock effects on the genetic diversity of two dominant creosote species of the Patagonian Monte Desert, Larrea divaricata and Larrea cuneifolia. We deployed competing hierarchical regression models to assess the relationship between genetic variation within natural populations as a function of increasing stocking rates on ten arid rangelands. These species exhibit similar levels and patterns of genetic structure, with high levels of both inbreeding and divergence among locations. We found that increased stocking reduces genetic variation and increases genetic subdivision between populations. Our results indicate that grazing pressures are impoverishing the gene pool of these dominant native species of the Monte Desert, decreasing the evolutionary potential of the primary plant producers and increasing the desertification risk for a vulnerable habitat. We highlight the importance of considering livestock as a major driver of genetic losses in dry rangelands under overgrazing pressure, especially given current forecasts of climate change.

scholarly journals Understanding Genetic Diversity of the Liver Fluke Fasciola hepatica

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Dosay-Akbulut ◽  
Alan Trudgett ◽  
Michael Stanhope
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Its1 Region ◽  
Mitochondrial Nd1 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Economical breeding is important to obtain maximum gain from the breeding in the animal sector. The economic loss has to be eliminated or should be minimized. The liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, present mostly in sheep and dairy cattle affect the yield of animals and even cause their death. To eliminate or minimize the impact of these parasites on the animals, it is important to understand the genetic diversity of the liver fluke populations and the relationship between parasite and host at regional bases. This research was carried out to determine diversity by sequence analysis of the mitochondrial ND1 gene and ribosomal ITS1 region.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal genetic variation in Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces as revealed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allo A. Dido ◽  
Dawit T. Degefu ◽  
Ermias Assefa ◽  
M. S. R. Krishna ◽  
B. J. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Temporal Genetic Variation

Abstract Background Ethiopia is considered as center of diversity for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and it is grown across different agro-ecologies of the country. Unraveling population structure and gene flow status on temporal scales assists an evaluation of the consequences of physical, demographic and overall environmental changes on the stability and persistence of populations. This study was to examine spatial and temporal genetic variation within and among barley landrace samples collected over a period of four decades, using simple sequence repeat markers. Results Results from STRUCTURE, neighbor joining tree and discriminant analysis of principal component (DAPC) analysis revealed presence low-to-high genetic diversity among the landraces and grouped the landraces into three clusters. The cluster analysis revealed a close relationship between landraces along geographic proximity with genetic distance increases along with geographic distance. From analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) in terms of collection year, it was observed that within-population genetic diversity much higher than between population and that the temporal differentiation is considerably smaller. The low-to-high genetic differentiation between landraces could be attributed to gene flow across the region as a consequence of seed exchange among farmers. Conclusion The results demonstrate that this set of SSRs was highly informative and useful in generating a meaningful classification of barley germplasms. Furthermore, results obtained from this study also suggest that landraces are a source of valuable germplasm for sustainable agriculture in the context of future climate change and in situ conservation strategies following adaptation to local environments.

scholarly journals Extensive population decline in the Tasmanian devil predates European settlement and devil facial tumour disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 20140619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brüniche-Olsen ◽  
Menna E. Jones ◽  
Jeremy J. Austin ◽  
Christopher P. Burridge ◽  
Barbara R. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Temporal Sampling ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Devil Facial Tumour Disease

The Tasmanian devil ( Sarcophilus harrisii ) was widespread in Australia during the Late Pleistocene but is now endemic to the island of Tasmania. Low genetic diversity combined with the spread of devil facial tumour disease have raised concerns for the species’ long-term survival. Here, we investigate the origin of low genetic diversity by inferring the species' demographic history using temporal sampling with summary statistics, full-likelihood and approximate Bayesian computation methods. Our results show extensive population declines across Tasmania correlating with environmental changes around the last glacial maximum and following unstable climate related to increased ‘El Niño–Southern Oscillation’ activity.

Genetic Analysis of Chinese Cucumber Collections in the U.S. National Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 534e-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Staub ◽  
Felix Sequen ◽  
Tom Horejsi ◽  
Jin Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
The U.S

Genetic variation in cucumber accessions from China was assessed by examining variation at 21 polymorphic isozyme loci. Principal component analysis of allelic variation allowed for the depiction of two distinct groupings of Chinese accessions collected in 1994 and 1996 (67 accessions). Six isozyme loci (Gpi, Gr, Mdh-2, Mpi-2, Pep-gl, and Pep-la) were important in elucidating these major groups. These groupings were different from a single grouping of Chinese 146 accessions acquired before 1994. Allelic variation in Chinese accessions allowed for comparisons with other accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (U.S. NPGS) collection grouped by continent and sub-continent. When Chinese accessions taken collectively were compared with an array of 853 C. sativus U.S. NPGS accessions examined previously, relationships differed between accessions grouped by country or subcontinent. Data indicate that acquisition of additional Chinese and Indian cucumber accessions would be strategically important for increasing genetic diversity in the U.S. NPGS cucumber collection.

scholarly journals The soluble glutathione transferase superfamily: role of Mu class in triclabendazole sulphoxide challenge in Fasciola hepatica

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-991
Author(s):  
Rebekah B. Stuart ◽  
Suzanne Zwaanswijk ◽  
Neil D. MacKintosh ◽  
Boontarikaan Witikornkul ◽  
Peter M. Brophy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Parasitic Helminths

AbstractFasciola hepatica (liver fluke), a significant threat to food security, causes global economic loss for the livestock industry and is re-emerging as a foodborne disease of humans. In the absence of vaccines, treatment control is by anthelmintics; with only triclabendazole (TCBZ) currently effective against all stages of F. hepatica in livestock and humans. There is widespread resistance to TCBZ and its detoxification by flukes might contribute to the mechanism. However, there is limited phase I capacity in adult parasitic helminths with the phase II detoxification system dominated by the soluble glutathione transferase (GST) superfamily. Previous proteomic studies have demonstrated that the levels of Mu class GST from pooled F. hepatica parasites respond under TCBZ-sulphoxide (TCBZ-SO) challenge during in vitro culture ex-host. We have extended this finding by exploiting a sub-proteomic lead strategy to measure the change in the total soluble GST profile (GST-ome) of individual TCBZ-susceptible F. hepatica on TCBZ-SO-exposure in vitro culture. TCBZ-SO exposure demonstrated differential abundance of FhGST-Mu29 and FhGST-Mu26 following affinity purification using both GSH and S-hexyl GSH affinity. Furthermore, a low or weak affinity matrix interacting Mu class GST (FhGST-Mu5) has been identified and recombinantly expressed and represents a new low-affinity Mu class GST. Low-affinity GST isoforms within the GST-ome was not restricted to FhGST-Mu5 with a second likely low-affinity sigma class GST (FhGST-S2) uncovered. This study represents the most complete Fasciola GST-ome generated to date and has supported the potential of subproteomic analyses on individual adult flukes.

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