The role ofPlasmodium knowlesiin the history of malaria research

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. BUTCHER ◽  
G. H. MITCHELL
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Malaria Research ◽  
History Of

SUMMARYIn recent years, a malaria infection of humans in South East Asia, originally diagnosed as a known human-infecting species,Plasmodium malariae, has been identified as a simian parasite,Plasmodium knowlesi.This species had been subject to considerable investigation in monkeys since the 1930s. With the development of continuous culture of the erythrocytic stages of the human malarial parasite,Plasmodium falciparumin 1976, the emphasis in research shifted away from knowlesi. However, its importance as a human pathogen has provoked a renewed interest inP. knowlesi, not least because it too can be maintained in continuous culture and thus provides an experimental model. In fact, this parasite species has a long history in malaria research, and the purpose of this chapter is to outline approximately the first 50 years of this history.

scholarly journals Zoonotic Transmission and Host Switches of Malaria Parasites

Zoonoses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-zhuan Su ◽  
Jian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Plasmodium Cynomolgi ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasites

Malaria is a deadly disease that affects the health of hundreds of millions of people annually. Five Plasmodium parasite species naturally infect humans: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi. These parasites can also infect various non-human primates. Parasites mainly infecting monkeys, such as Plasmodium cynomolgi and P. knowlesi, the latter of which was considered to be a monkey parasite for years, can also be transmitted to human hosts. Recently, many new Plasmodium species have been discovered in African apes, some of which may be transmitted to humans in the future. Here, we searched PubMed and the internet via Google and selected articles on the zoonotic transmission and evolution of selected malaria parasite species. We review current advances in the relevant topics, emphasizing the transmission of malaria parasites between humans and non-human primates. We also briefly discuss the transmission of some avian malaria parasites between wild birds and domestic fowls. Zoonotic malaria transmission is widespread, thus posing a threat to public health. More studies on parasite species, including their identification in non-human primates, transmission, and evolution, are needed to decrease or prevent the transmission of malaria parasites from non-human primates to humans.

scholarly journals Vaccination-induced variation in the 140 kD merozoite surface antigen of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria.

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
F W Klotz ◽  
D E Hudson ◽  
H G Coon ◽  
L H Miller
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Erythrocyte Invasion ◽  
Merozoite Surface Antigen

Immunity to 143/140 kD schizont antigens of a monkey malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi, provides partial protection to lethal malaria infection in rhesus monkeys challenged with uncloned parasites. To determine the capacity of a cloned parasite to generate variants of the 143/140 kD antigens, immunized monkeys were challenged with a clone of P. knowlesi. Parasites recovered 8 d after inoculation with a cloned parasite retained the 143/140 kD antigens. Parasites recovered 30 d after challenge had undergone changes in the 143/140 kD antigens. Antibodies that block erythrocyte invasion in vitro of the inoculum parasites did not inhibit invasion of erythrocytes by two isolates recovered from the immunized monkeys. An isolate from one monkey recovered on day 30 contained clones expressing new 76/72 kD antigens reactive with rabbit antiserum against the 143/140 kD proteins, and other clones expressing no antigens crossreactive with antisera against the 143/140 kD proteins. An isolate from another monkey obtained 59 d after challenge expressed new antigens of 160/155, 115/113, and 87/85 kD. Using monoclonal antibodies, we found that epitopes were lost from the variant proteins, but we were unable to determine whether new epitopes had appeared. We conclude that clones of P. knowlesi can rapidly vary antigenic determinants on the 143/140 kD proteins in animals immunized with these antigens.

Pseudallescheria boydii Species Complex Fungal Rhinitis and Sinusitis in a Dog

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Bruskiewicz ◽  
Martin Crawford-Jakubiak
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Pseudallescheria Boydii ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
History Of

A 9 yr old male castrated Australian shepherd mixed-breed dog with a 3 mo history of intermittent unilateral epistaxis was diagnosed with Pseudallescheria boydii species complex fungal rhinitis and sinusitis. This fungal organism is a rare cause of disease in dogs and an emerging human pathogen. The dog was successfully treated with topical clotrimazole.

Plasmodium knowlesi: a relevant, versatile experimental malaria model

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERICA M. PASINI ◽  
ANNE-MARIE ZEEMAN ◽  
ANNEMARIE VOORBERG-VAN DER WEL ◽  
CLEMENS H. M. KOCKEN
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Malaria Model ◽  
Human Primate

SUMMARYThe primate malariaPlasmodium knowlesihas a long-standing history as an experimental malaria model. Studies using this model parasite in combination with its various natural and experimental non-human primate hosts have led to important advances in vaccine development and in our understanding of malaria invasion, immunology and parasite–host interactions. The adaptation to long-termin vitrocontinuous blood stage culture in rhesus monkey,Macaca fascicularisand human red blood cells, as well as the development of various transfection methodologies has resulted in a highly versatile experimental malaria model, further increasing the potential of what was already a very powerful model. The growing evidence thatP. knowlesiis an important human zoonosis in South-East Asia has added relevance to former and future studies of this parasite species.

scholarly journals Errata

1962 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-139
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Printing Machine

Readers of this Journal will recall the provocative article in Vol. 2, No. 2 by John Smail entitled An Autonomous History of South-East Asia. This article has aroused considerable comment. It is all-the-more unfortunate then that it was marred by fifty or more misprints and omissions. With this issue of the Journal we have changed to a new type and printing machine, and we hope such errors as committed before will remain merely the follies of our youth. We attach a list of the more important of the misprints in Mr. Smail's article.

Acquired clinical immunity to malaria in non-human primates co-infected with Schistosoma and Plasmodium parasites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth K. Nyakundi ◽  
Jann Hau ◽  
Paul Ogongo ◽  
Onkoba Nyamongo ◽  
Maamum Jeneby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Long Term Impact

Background. Naturally acquired immunity to malaria develops over several years and can be compromised by concomitant infections. This study explored the influence of chronic schistosomiasis on clinical outcome and immunity to repeated malaria infection. Methods. Two groups of baboons (n=8 each), were infected with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae to establish chronic infections. One of the two groups was treated with Praziquantel to eliminate schistosome infection. The two groups plus a new malaria control group (n=8), were inoculated three times with Plasmodium knowlesi parasites at one-month intervals. Clinical data, IgG, IgG1, memory T-cells and monocyte levels were recorded. Results. We observed after three P. knowlesi infections; i) reduced clinical symptoms in all groups with each subsequent infection, ii) increase IgG and IgG1in the malaria control (Pk-only) group iii) increased IgG and IgG1, CD14 + and CD14 - CD16 + in the Schistosoma treated (Schisto/PZQ+Pk) group and iv) significantly lower IgG and IgG1 levels compared to Pk-only, reduced CD4 + CD45RO + and increased CD14 - CD16 + cells in the co-infected (Schisto+Pk) group. Conclusion. Chronic S. mansoni does not compromise establishment of clinical immunity after multiple malaria infections with non-classical monocytes seeming to play a role. Failure to develop robust antibody and memory T-cells may have a long-term impact on acquired immunity to malaria infection.

Fishing for a Career: Alternative Livelihoods and the Hardheaded Art of Academic Failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Deb Cleland
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Alternative Livelihoods ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Charting the course: The world of alternative livelihood research brings a heavy history of paternalistic colonial intervention and moralising. In particular, subsistence fishers in South East Asia are cyclical attractors of project funding to help them exit poverty and not ‘further degrade the marine ecosystem’ (Cinner et al. 2011), through leaving their boats behind and embarking on non-oceanic careers. What happens, then, when we turn an autoethnographic eye on the livelihood of the alternative livelihood researcher? What lexicons of lack and luck may we borrow from the fishers in order to ‘render articulate and more systematic those feelings of dissatisfaction’ (Young 2002) of an academic’s life’s work and our work-life? What might we learn from comparing small-scale fishers to small-scale scholars about how to successfully ‘navigate’ the casualised waters of the modern university? Does this unlikely course bring any ideas of ‘possibilities glimmering’ (Young 2002) for ‘exiting’ poverty in Academia?

Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of the primate malarial parasite Plasmodium knowlesi

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Williamson ◽  
Robert J.M. Wilson ◽  
Paul A. Bates ◽  
Shirley McCready ◽  
Francine Perler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium

scholarly journals New host and geographical records and morphological details for Echinuria skrjabiniensis (Nematoda, Acuariidae) from shorebirds in Argentina

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Diaz ◽  
Guillermo Panisse ◽  
Graciela Escudero ◽  
John Kinsella
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
New Host ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Correct Spelling ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Left Spicule ◽  
New Host Records ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe acuarioid nematode Echinuria skrjabiniensis Efimov in Skryabin, Sobolev et Ivashkin, 1965 was found in Calidris bairdii and C. fuscicollis (Aves, Scolopacidae) examined from several locations from Patagonia, Argentina. These constitute new host records as well as the first record of this parasite species in South America. Using both light and scanning electron microscopies, new morphological details are provided, including the description of the left spicule and the number and the arrangement of male caudal papillae. The taxonomic history of the species is summarized, corroborating its correct spelling and valid name.

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