Skin conductance responsivity during acute episodes of schizophrenia as a predictor of symptomatic improvement

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Frith ◽  
Marilyn Stevens ◽  
Eve C. Johnstone ◽  
T. J. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Acute Episode ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Active Medication ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Insidious Onset

SYNOPSISSkin conductance responses to a series of tones were measured in 41 patients during an acute episode of schizophrenia before they received treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment with either α-flupenthixol, β-fiupenthixol or placebo. Patients who did not habituate to the tones prior to treatment tended to show no symptomatic improvement during the course of treatment. Patients who habituated and also showed an acute onset of their current symptoms (‘Feighner negative’ patients) showed a marked improvement even without active medication. Skin conductance responsivity did not change with improvement in symptoms alone, but decreased in patients on active medication (α-flupenthixol).Non-habituation of skin conductance and insidious onset (i.e. fulfilment of the Feighner criteria) were found to be independent predictors of poor outcome. Taken together, these criteria may define a group of patients with particularly poor prognosis.

The Varied Outcomes of Schizophrenia

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Davidson ◽  
Thomas H McGlashan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
Over Time

Objective: To review variations in outcomes in schizophrenia across individual, historical, and cross-cultural boundaries, as well as within specific domains of functioning. Method: Research literature on the outcomes of schizophrenia appearing within the last 8 years was reviewed. Results: First, a review of follow-up studies published in the developed world suggests that heterogeneity in outcome across individuals with schizophrenia remains the rule, with affective symptoms, later and acute onset, and responsiveness to biological treatments predictive of good outcome. Negative symptoms are associated with poor outcome, cognitive impairments, and incapacity in social and work domains. Deterioration appears to occur within the first few months of onset if not already in the prodrome, with recent early-course studies finding longer duration of untreated psychosis associated with insidious onset, negative symptoms, social and work incapacity, and poor outcome. Second, a review of recent cross-cultural and historical studies provides evidence that outcome varies across time and place, schizophrenia having a more favourable outcome in the developing world and becoming a more benign disorder over the course of this century. Third, a review of studies of the domains of functioning within individuals identifies 4 relatively independent dimensions of depression and negative, psychotic, and disorganized symptoms. Cognitive deficits, which are associated with negative symptoms, also constitute a relatively stable dimension over time, showing neither marked deterioration nor improvement once established early in the course of disorder. Conclusions: The early appearance and stability over time of negative symptoms and cognitive impairments call for assertive intervention efforts early in the course of disorder to prevent chronicity and prolonged disability.

scholarly journals Increased glycemic variability associated with a poor 30-day functional outcome in acute intracerebral hemorrhage

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Chun Wu ◽  
Zan Ding ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Wang ◽  
Sheng-Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Stress Hyperglycemia ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Normal Glucose

OBJECTIVEIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality, but no study has elucidated the association between glycemic variability (GV) and functional outcome in ICH. The authors of this study aimed to determine whether GV is a predictor of 30-day functional outcome in ICH patients.METHODSThe study recruited 366 patients with first-ever acute-onset ICH in the period during 2014 and 2015. Fasting blood glucose was assessed on admission and with 7-day continuous monitoring. Glycemic variability was calculated and expressed by the standard deviation (GluSD) and coefficient of variation (GluCV). Patients were divided into groups of those with diabetes mellitus (DM), stress hyperglycemia (SHG), and normal glucose (NG). Functional outcome was measured using the modified Rankin Scale.RESULTSThe numbers of patients with DM, SHG, and NG were 108 (29.5%), 127 (34.7%), and 131 (35.8%), respectively. As compared with the DM patients, those with SHG had higher mortality (29.9% vs 15.7%, p < 0.05) and a poorer prognosis (64.6% vs 52.8%, p < 0.05). Poor prognosis was associated with both high GluSD (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.19–1.99) and high GluCV (1.05, 1.02–1.09), especially in the DM group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was greater for the GluSD (OR 0.929, 95% CI 0.902–0.956) and the GluCV (0.932, 0.906–0.958) model than the original model (0.860, 0.823–0.898) in predicting a poor outcome.CONCLUSIONSStress hyperglycemia may be associated with increased mortality and a poor outcome in ICH, and increased GV may be independently associated with a poor outcome, particularly in ICH patients with DM.

Lying and perception of lies by bilingual speakers

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 1313-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Kreyßig ◽  
Agnieszka Ewa Krautz
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
English Second Language ◽  
Task Requirements

AbstractMultiple studies on bilingualism and emotions have demonstrated that a native language carries greater emotional valence than the second language. This distinction appears to have consequences for other types of behavior, including lying. As bilingual lying has not been explored extensively, the current study investigated the psychophysiological differences between German (native language) and English (second language) in the lying process as well as in the perception of lies. The skin conductance responses of 26 bilinguals were measured during reading aloud true and false statements and listening to recorded correct and wrong assertions. The analysis revealed a lie effect, that is, statistically significant differences between valid and fictitious sentences. In addition, the values in German were higher compared to those in English, in accordance with the blunted emotional response account (Caldwell-Harris &amp; Aycicegi-Dinn, 2009). Finally, the skin conductance responses were lower in the listening condition in comparison to the reading aloud. The results, however, are treated with caution given the fact that skin conductance monitoring does not allow assigning heightened reactivity of the skin to one exclusive cause. The responses may have been equally induced by the content of the statements, which prompted positive or negative associations in the participants’ minds or by the specific task requirements.

scholarly journals Behavioral Triggers of Skin Conductance Responses and Their Neural Correlates in the Primate Amygdala

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1749-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Laine ◽  
Kevin M. Spitler ◽  
Clayton P. Mosher ◽  
Katalin M. Gothard
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sympathetic Arousal

The amygdala plays a crucial role in evaluating the emotional significance of stimuli and in transforming the results of this evaluation into appropriate autonomic responses. Lesion and stimulation studies suggest involvement of the amygdala in the generation of the skin conductance response (SCR), which is an indirect measure of autonomic activity that has been associated with both emotion and attention. It is unclear if this involvement marks an emotional reaction to an external stimulus or sympathetic arousal regardless of its origin. We recorded skin conductance in parallel with single-unit activity from the right amygdala of two rhesus monkeys during a rewarded image viewing task and while the monkeys sat alone in a dimly lit room, drifting in and out of sleep. In both experimental conditions, we found similar SCR-related modulation of activity at the single-unit and neural population level. This suggests that the amygdala contributes to the production or modulation of SCRs regardless of the source of sympathetic arousal.

Injuries in Short Track Speed Skating

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Quinn ◽  
Victor Lun ◽  
John McCall ◽  
Tom Overend
Keyword(s):  
Acute Onset ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Speed Skating ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Type Of Injury

Background Little is known about the pattern of injury in short track speed skating. Purpose To investigate the incidence and characteristics of injuries in short track speed skating. Study Design Retrospective study. Methods Ninety-five of 150 elite-level skaters (63.3%) were surveyed to collect information on training and competition load as well as on injuries sustained during the 1999—2000 competitive season. Injuries were characterized in terms of anatomic location, type of injury, time loss from training and competition, and circumstance of injury (acute onset during competition, on-ice practice, off-ice training, or insidious onset). Results Sixty-one of the 95 skaters (64.2%) reported sustaining at least one injury. The knee, ankle, spine, leg, and groin were the most commonly reported sites of injury. Skaters were also asked to list previous on-ice injuries. The two most common injuries occurring on-ice before the 1999—2000 season were lacerations from the knee down (11.1%) and ankle fractures (10.2%). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that there is a high incidence of injury in competitive short track speed skating.

Latency of skin conductance responses across stimulus modalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. e13307 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sjouwerman ◽  
T. B. Lonsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Stimulus Modalities

scholarly journals Identification of Emotions in Offenders With Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Catarina Iria ◽  
Fernando Barbosa ◽  
Rui Paixão
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Response Cost ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion

Abstract. A group of offenders with antisocial personality (ASP) and a control group identified facial expressions of emotion under three conditions: monetary reward, monetary response cost, and no contingency, to explore effects on the antisocial offenders’ deficits commonly reported in these tasks. Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) indexed emotional arousal. Offenders with ASP performed worse than controls under reward and no contingency conditions, but under the response-cost condition results were similar. The offenders with ASP presented higher SCR than the controls in the two monetary conditions. Findings suggest that offenders with ASP are hypersensitive to monetary contingencies; monetary reward seems to interfere negatively in their performance while monetary response cost improves it. Arousal level seems unable to explain ability to identify facial affects, while results suggest that methodological variations may explain the conflicting results in the literature.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting The Survival Trend In Oesophageal Malignancy- A Hospital Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
MK Sarker ◽  
MM Sarker ◽  
MFK Bhuiyan ◽  
MMR Khan ◽  
ASMA Raihan
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Palliative Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Insidious Onset

Oesophageal cancer is a gastrointestinal malignancy with insidious onset and poor prognosis. The disease predominantly affects the older age groups with pick incidence between 60 to 70 years of age. The total number of oesophageal cancer patients available for the study within the stipulated time was 43. Among them 60.47% patients were male and 39.53% patients were female, 06.98% belonged to age group 31-40, 16.28% belonged to age group 41-50, 37.21% belonged to age group 51-60, 23.25% belonged to age group 61-70 and 16.28% patients were >70 years of age. Mean age was 59.95 years ± 12.63 SD. In our study, 33.3% survived ≤3 months, 09.1% 4–6 months, 15.2 % 7–9 months, 06.1% 10–12 months, 27.2% 13–24 months and 09.1% >24 months. Among the expired patients, 09.10% got curative treatment and rest of 90.90% got palliative treatment. Those who got curative treatment 66.7% survived 13–24 months and 33.3% > 24 months. Those who got palliative treatment 36.7% survived ≤3 months, 10.0% 4–6 months, 06.7% 10–12 months and 30.0% 13–24 months. Overall median survival was 08 months, for curative treatment 18 months and for palliative treatment 07 months.TAJ 2014; 27(1): 38-43

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