The relationship between suggestibility and anxiety among suspects detained at police stations

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Gudjonsson ◽  
S. C. Rutter ◽  
I. C. H. Clare
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Interrogative Suggestibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

SYNOPSISThe present study investigated the relationship between anxiety, as measured by the State-Trait Inventory (Spielberger, 1983) and interrogative suggestibility, as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2, Gudjonsson, 1987). One hundred and sixty-one suspects detained at two English police stations for questioning were assessed prior to being interviewed by the police. Unexpectedly, trait anxiety correlated more consistently with suggestibility than did state anxiety. The correlations were consistently higher among the Caucasian than the Afro-Caribbean subjects and the Afro-Caribbean subjects were significantly more suggestible than the Caucasian subjects even after their GSS 2 memory and IQ scores had been controlled for. The main practical implications of the findings are that interrogative suggestibility cannot be easily evaluated from the person's self-reported anxiety and the situation in which people are assessed may influence the relationship between these psychological variables.

Effects of Color and Trait Anxiety on State Anxiety

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Reeves ◽  
Ed M. Edmonds ◽  
Dollie L. Transou
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Color Condition ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Trait Theory ◽  
The Relationship

A 2 (trait anxiety) × 4 (color) factorial design was used to determine the effects of red, green, yellow, and blue on state anxiety as a function of high and low trait anxiety. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess both trait (A-Trait) and state (A-State) anxiety for the 10 students assigned to each of the eight treatment combinations. High A-Trait students were significantly more anxious while viewing blue, red, and green than were the low A-Trait students and blue produced significantly more state anxiety than did either yellow or green. These results are consistent with state-trait theory and indicate that the effects of color on state anxiety may be confounded with trait anxiety unless the levels of A-Trait are equivalent for each color condition. The role of cultural and individual differences in the relationship between color and emotion and implications for research are discussed.

TRAIT ANXIETY AND FEARFULNESS

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean G. Kilpatrick ◽  
Philip G. Mcleod
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Fear Survey Schedule ◽  
The Relationship

To evaluate the relationship between trait anxiety (TA) and fearfulness, 36 female nursing students were given the Wolpe-Lang Fear Survey Schedule (FSSIII) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAT). High TA subjects selected from this sample were found to be more fearful than low TA subjects, and a correlation of 0.52 was obtained between fearfulness scores and TA scores. An analysis of the items and situations rated as most fear-producing indicated that half of these items represented social or interpersonal fears, and that one-third of the subjects rated harmless snakes as very much disturbing. These findings appear to support Spielberger's contention that TA represents susceptibility to arousal of state anxiety by a variety of stimuli and stimulus situations.

scholarly journals Standardization and Convergent Validation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory with measures of Personality, Affective Control and, Risk Propensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Joshi ◽  
Chandra Pratap Daksha ◽  
V. S. Chandrasekhar Pammi ◽  
Bhoomika Rastogi Kar
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
The State ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety ◽  
Convergent Validation ◽  
The Relationship

We standardized the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) on 407 young adults. Norms (high, medium, and low anxiety scores) were derived based on T scores and percentile ranks. Convergent validation was performed using correlation and multiple regression analysis followed by moderation analysis to study the relationship between STAI and NEO-FFI 3, Affective Control Scale, and Risk Propensity Scale. Results suggest that higher openness to experience acts as a protective factor against both state and trait anxiety. State anxiety emerged as a significant predictor for both affective control and risk propensity. While trait anxiety moderated the relationship between personality and affective control as well as personality and risk propensity. Higher levels of trait anxiety seem to increase the disabling effect of neuroticism on affective control; risk propensity is least for low trait anxiety and high conscientiousness. These results highlight the differential effects of types of anxiety and also to investigate the structure of STAI with Trait and State Anxiety not simply as two sides of the same coin but themselves as different constructs. The current study adds to the evidence that STAI is a valuable measure for investigating the effect of anxiety in healthy adults across populations/cultures and that anxiety is correlated with cognitive-affective-predisposition factors.

On the Relationship between Machiavellianism and Anxiety among Italian Undergraduates

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nigro ◽  
I. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

139 Italian undergraduates (61 men and 78 women) responded to the Italian version of the Christie's Mach IV scale and to the Italian version of the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Positive correlations between Mach IV scores and both State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety scores were found for both sexes. The authors hypothesized that moderate anxiety may be associated with high Machiavellianism. Further implications of the findings were discussed.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS ART THERAPY DALAM MENURUNKAN KECEMASAN PADA IBU YANG MEMILIKI ANAK PENDERITA KANKER

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Christella Ruslan ◽  
Monty P. Satiadarma ◽  
Untung Subroto
Keyword(s):  
Art Therapy ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Cancer is caused by the uncontrolled development of cells in the body and can cause death in someone who experiences it. This condition can affect the physical and psychological health of parents, especially mothers who look after and care for their children. Seeing this, having a child with cancer can certainly cause anxiety in a mother. At the same time, a mother is certainly required to provide emotional support to her child who is sick. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of art therapy in reducing anxiety in mothers of children with cancer. Art therapy that is applied to mothers who have children with cancer can help reduce the anxiety they feel because through this therapy participants are assisted in exploring, releasing their emotions and feelings of anxiety. Through this intervention, mothers who have children with cancer can experience catharsis and express their feelings. Participants in this study consisted of two mothers who have children with cancer. The design of this study is a quasi-experimental study by testing the pretest and posttest using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) measurement tool in measuring state and trait anxiety from mothers who have children with cancer. The results of the study found that there was a decrease in the number of state anxiety by 14 in the R participant and 8 in the RS participant. Based on this, it can be concluded that art therapy intervention can reduce the state anxiety in mothers who have children with cancer. Kanker disebabkan oleh adanya perkembangan sel yang tidak terkendali dalam tubuh dan dapat menyebabkan kematian pada seseorang yang mengalaminya. Kondisi ini dapat memengaruhi kesehatan secara fisik dan psikologis dari orang tua, terutama ibu yang menjaga serta merawat anaknya. Melihat hal ini, memiliki anak penderita kanker tentu dapat menimbulkan kecemasan dalam diri seorang ibu. Pada saat yang bersamaan, seorang ibu tentu dituntut untuk memberi dukungan secara emosional kepada anaknya yang sedang sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efektivitas dari art therapy dalam menurunkan kecemasan pada ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker. Art therapy yang diterapkan pada ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker dapat membantu menurunkan kecemasan yang dirasakan karena melalui terapi ini partisipan dibantu agar bisa mengeksplorasi dan mengeluarkan emosi serta perasaan cemas yang dimiliki. Melalui intervensi art therapy ini, ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker dapat melakukan katarsis dan mengungkapkan perasaannya. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas dua orang ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker. Adapun desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi-eksperimental dengan menguji pretest dan posttest yang menggunakan alat ukur State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) dalam mengukur kecemasan secara state dan trait dari ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya penurunan angka dari skor state anxiety sebesar 14 pada partisipan R dan 8 pada partisipan RS. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa intervensi art therapy dapat membantu menurunkan kecemasan secara state anxiety pada ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker.

scholarly journals Validation of the State Version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in a University Sample

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110319
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Thomas ◽  
Jerrell C. Cassady
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Cognitive Test Anxiety ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency

Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Model makes a theoretical distinction between the contribution of dispositional anxiety and the transitory experience of anxiety to performance difficulties during testing situations. According to the State-Trait framework, state anxiety is viewed as the primary performance barrier for test-anxious students, and as such, educators and educational researchers have expressed interest in validated, state anxiety measurement tools. Currently, the most widely used measure of state anxiety is the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. However, evidence regarding the psychometric properties of this scale is relatively scarce. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the structural validity, reliability, and concurrent/divergent validity of the instrument. Participants ( N = 294) completed the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale 2nd Edition, and an exam task. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we tested the viability of one-, two-, and bi-factor solutions for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated a two-factor solution consisting of State Anxiety and State Calmness dimensions provided superior fit to the observed data. Results of a reliability analysis indicated that the State Anxiety and State Calmness factors demonstrated excellent internal consistency when applied to university students. Our discussion concerns the utility of the State Anxiety factor as a tool for the identification of test-anxious students.

scholarly journals Anxiety Levels of Primary Caregivers of Children With Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 000992282110406
Author(s):  
Zeynep Reyhan Onay ◽  
Tugba Ramasli Gursoy ◽  
Tugba Sismanlar Eyuboglu ◽  
Ayse Tana Aslan ◽  
Azime Sebnem Soysal Acar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Moment State

We aim to evaluate the anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. Caregivers of 31 children with tracheostomy and 105 healthy children (control group) were included. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered via teleconference in order to investigate how participants describe how they feel at a particular moment (State) and how they generally feel (Trait). The trait anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy were significantly higher ( P = .02). Their state anxiety levels were similar. The state and trait anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy correlated ( r = 0.70, P < .001). At the end of the teleconference, caregivers of children with tracheostomy experienced greater anxiety relief than controls ( P < .001). Trait anxiety scores were higher among caregivers of children with tracheostomy, but their state anxiety levels were comparable to those of controls. Caregivers with high trait anxiety also exhibited high state anxiety. Informing caregivers of children with tracheostomy about COVID-19 via teleconference can reduce their anxiety during such stressful times.

High Levels of State or Trait Anxiety and Performance on Selected Verbal WAIS Subtests

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma J. Knox ◽  
Ricardo Grippaldi
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
The State ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Group ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships

Upon entering a VA domiciliary Ss were given the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and WAIS subtests, Arithmetic ( A), Similarities ( S) and Digit Span ( DS). Two analyses of variance were carried out among WAIS weighted scores on the three subtests for three groups of different state or trait anxiety levels (high, medium, and low). Analyses showed significant interactions between WAIS scaled scores and anxiety: p < .05 for state anxiety and p < .001 for trait anxiety. The high-anxiety group in each instance showed the classical expectation of a lower A and DS in comparison to S; performance on DS was highest for each medium anxiety group. The study of curvilinear relationships and interaction effects in anxiety was discussed.

Extending the debate over entrepreneurial education effectiveness: the case of a Saudi university

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 805-823
Author(s):  
Tahar Lazhar Ayed
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Culture ◽  
Mediator Role ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Mediator ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis study aims to assess the effectiveness of entrepreneurial education (EE) through its impact on the predictor of behavior, which is entrepreneurial intention (EI), by studying the context of a Saudi university, in this case, Umm Al Qura University (UQU). The research theorizes a relationship between EE, innovativeness (INN) as a dimension of personality traits (PTs), and EI, mediated by entrepreneurial motivation (EM). Additionally, in this study, INN played a mediator role between EE and EI.Design/methodology/approachAll direct and indirect effects were tested using a quantitative approach. A sample of 240 undergraduate UQU students from different specialties was applied. UQU is witnessing an unprecedented movement that seeks to spread entrepreneurial culture throughout the educational system as a whole, following the recommendations of the Kingdom's 2030 vision.FindingsThe results indicate that EE and INN significantly predicted EI, though in an uneven manner. However, EM played a significant mediator role only between INN and EI. INN is a significant mediator in the relationship between EE and EI.Practical implicationsFuture entrepreneurs must learn how to think, communicate, solve problems, deal with failure and exploit new opportunities. However, the debate over the contribution of EE to entrepreneurs is continuing. All educators, government officials, members of society and others are involved in encouraging entrepreneurial initiative. They should consider and understand how to affect entrepreneurial feasibility and desirability.Originality/valueVariables included in the research model are not original; however, rarely in recent research works have psychological variables such as EM and INN been integrated into one model to explain the intention to enterprise business. This study provides a well-supported explanation of intention as a good predictor of entrepreneurial behavior that will be useful to all involved in encouraging potential entrepreneurs to succeed.

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