Lone mothers, social exclusion and depression

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. TARGOSZ ◽  
P. BEBBINGTON ◽  
G. LEWIS ◽  
T. BRUGHA ◽  
R. JENKINS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Icd 10

Background. In this paper, data from the British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity are used to assess depressive disorders and markers of social disadvantage in women bringing up children on their own.Method. The household component of the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity was based on a stratified random sample of >10000 subjects. This paper reports on 5281 women interviewed in person. Psychiatric symptoms and ICD-10 diagnoses were established by lay interviewers using the CIS-R. Results are presented in terms of depressive episode and mixed anxiety/depressive disorder. Housing tenure and access to a car were used as proxy measures of material status. The life event rate in the 6 months before interview was used to indicate overall exposure to stress, and subjects were asked in detail about perceived social support. Information was collected about various other sociodemographic attributes. Lone mothers were compared with supported mothers and with women not involved in care of children under 16.Results. Lone mothers had prevalence rates of depressive episode of 7%, about three times higher than any other group. The milder condition, mixed anxiety/depression, was also increased in frequency. These increased rates of depressive conditions were no longer apparent after controlling for measures of social disadvantage, stress and isolation.Conclusions. Lone mothers are increasing in numbers as marital stability declines. Their high rates of material disadvantage and of depressive disorder may have considerable implications for psychiatric and social policy.

scholarly journals Common mental disorders, subthreshold symptoms and disability: longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Rai ◽  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Nicola Wiles ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Ricardo Araya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Aggregate Burden

SummaryIn a representative sample of the UK population we found that common mental disorders (as a group and in ICD–10 diagnostic categories) and subthreshold psychiatric symptoms at baseline were both independently associated with new-onset functional disability and significant days lost from work at 18-month follow-up. Subthreshold symptoms contributed to almost half the aggregate burden of functional disability and over 32 million days lost from work in the year preceding the study. Leaving these symptoms unaccounted for in surveys may lead to gross underestimation of disability related to psychiatric morbidity.

Characteristics of elderly patients attended at a psychiatry emergency room

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 834-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Prats ◽  
N. Gual ◽  
P. Lusilla ◽  
A. Gual
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Common Diagnosis

IntroductionThere is no general agreement on the prevalence of mental disorders in the elderly, although it is estimated that 25%. of them present psychiatric symptoms. Geriatric psychiatry is one of the most rapidly advancing fields and requires a comprehensive approach.ObjectivesTo analyse the characteristics of patients older than 65 who are attended at the psychiatry emergency room.MethodsA descriptive study was conducted among all elderly pacients seen during May 2010 at the psychiatry emergency room at Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Clinical variables (functional status, reason to show up, medical history, diagnosis), treatment and referral at discharge were analysed.Results36 patients (44.4% men, mean age 75.3 years) were identified. Charlson comorbidity index was 2.08. Suicide attempts were the most frequent reason for admission (27.8%), followed by psychomotor agitation (16.7%), anxiety disorders (13.9%), delirium (13.9%), depression (11.1%), and behaviour disorders (8.3%). Concerning psychiatric antecedents 58.3% had depressive disorder and 40% reported somatic symptoms during the month prior to their consultation.The most common diagnosis at discharge were anxiety-depressive disorders (52.7%) and delirium (16.7%). The most widely prescribed psychotropics were antipsychotics (19.4% haloperidol, 13.9% quetiapine) followed by benzodiazepines (13.9%). Referral at discharge was: 41.7% home, 13.9% midterm psychiatric units, 27.8% acute psychiatric inpatient unit and 16.7% Internal Medicine.ConclusionsTypically, elderly patients attended at the psychiatric emergency room are diagnosed of an anxiety-depressive disorder and often present with a suicidal attempt, but only 41.7% are admitted as psychiatric inpatients.

Stress and psychiatric disorder in rural Punjab

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Mumford ◽  
Khalid Saeed ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmad ◽  
Shazia Latif ◽  
Malik H. Mubbashar
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

BackgroundThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders in rural Punjab is unknown. Previous studies in rural areas elsewhere in the Indian subcontinent have yielded widely differing estimates.MethodFirst-stage screening of a village near Gujar Khan used the Bradford Somatic Inventory and Self Reporting Questionnaire. Psychiatric interviews were conducted with stratified samples using the ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research.ResultsIt is estimated that 66% of women and 25% of men suffered from anxiety and depressive disorders. Levels of emotional distress increased with age in both genders. Women living in unitary households reported more distress than those living in extended or joint families. With younger men and women, lower levels of education were associated with greater risk of psychiatric disorders. Social disadvantage was associated with more emotional distress.ConclusionsThis study in rural Punjab confirms the findings of a previous study in Chitral, northern Pakistan, of high levels of emotional distress and psychiatric morbidity among women in rural areas of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Analysis of family anxiety in women with depressive disorders of different genesis and macrosocial, mesosocial and microsocial maladaptation of different expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
R.I. Isakov
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Rehabilitation ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Rehabilitation Measures ◽  
Depressive Reaction

252 women with depressive disorders were examined: 94 people were with psychogenic (prolonged depressive reaction caused by adjustment disorder), 83 women were with endogenous (depressive episode; recurrent depressive disorder; bipolar disorder, current episode of depression) and 75 patients were with organic depression (organic affective disorders). 48 women had no signs of psychosocial maladaptation, the remaining 204 had manifestations of macrosocial, mesosocial and microsocial maladaptation of varying severity. The features of family anxiety in women with depression of various origins and different severity of macrosocial, mesosocial and microsocial maladaptation were investigated in order to determine the target targets of differentiated psychosocial rehabilitation of patients in this contingent. Clinical-psychopathological and psychodiagnostic methods were used. There was revealed a general tendency towards an increase in the indicators of family guilt, family anxiety and family tension as the degree of macrosocial, mesosocial and microsocial maladaptation increased. At the same time, the greatest differences in indicators were observed between the groups with moderate and severe maladaptation, and the smallest differences were observed between the groups without signs of disadaptation and with signs of mild maladaptation. The data obtained should be taken into account when developing treatment and rehabilitation measures for patients of this contingent.

Evaluating the new ICD-10 categories of depressive episode and recurrent depressive disorder

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Hiller ◽  
Gabriele Dichtl ◽  
Heidemarie Hecht ◽  
Wolfgang Hundt ◽  
Werner Mombour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Icd 10

scholarly journals Severity of depressive episodes during the course of depressive disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Vedel Kessing
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Single Depressive Episode ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundIt is not clear whether the severity of depressive episodes changes during the course of depressive disorder.AimsTo investigate whether the severity of depressive episodes increases during the course of illness.MethodUsing a Danish nationwide case register, all psychiatric inpatients and out-patients with a main ICD-10 diagnosis of a single mild, moderate or severe depressive episode at the end of first contact were identified. Patients included in the study were from the period 1994–2003.ResultsA total of 19 392 patients received a diagnosis of a single depressive episode at first contact. The prevalence of severe depressive episodes increased from 25.5% at the first episode to 50.0% at the 15th episode and the prevalence of psychotic episodes increased from 8.7% at the first episode to 25.0% at the 15th episode. The same pattern was found regardless of gender, age at first contact and calendar year.ConclusionsThe increasing severity of depressive episodes emphasises the importance of early and sustained prophylactic treatment.

Psychiatric symptoms duringL-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease and their relationship to physical disability

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. S. Mindham ◽  
C. D. Marsden ◽  
J. D. Parkes
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Antidepressant Agent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Episodes

SynopsisFifty patients attending a neurological outpatient clinic for Parkinson's disease were assessed by standardized methods for both physical and psychiatric symptoms. The patients then received treatment withL-dopa,L-dopa with carbidopa or anticholinergic drugs and/or amantadine. During the following six-month period the subjects were assessed at intervals, both physically and psychiatrically. Forty patients were followed up for the full six-month period. The severity of physical signs and affective symptoms was shown to be significantly related at several stages of the investigation. Initially, the patients showed a high psychiatric morbidity. During treatment, 22 patients developed a depressive disorder, 12 of which had a history of previous depressive episodes. By contrast, of the 11 patients who showed very few affective symptoms during follow-up, none had a history of depression. Of the 22 patients with a depressive disorder, only two were in the anticholinergic/amantadine group, compared with nine and 11 in the other groups.L-dopa was not an effective antidepressant agent. The probable relevance of the findings of the study to the management of patients with Parkinson's disease is outlined.

The prevalence of depression among Australian nursing home residents: results using draft ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Phillips ◽  
A. S. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
State Examination

SYNOPSISThe aims of this study were, first, to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders in Australian nursing home residents using international diagnostic criteria, and second, to explore environmental determinants of such disorders. Residents of 24 nursing homes were surveyed using the Canberra Interview for the Elderly (CIE) and a range of environmental measures was also taken. Of 323 residents who were screened for cognitive impairment, 165 (51%) scored 18 or above on the Mini-Mental State Examination (Folstein et al. 1975), and were interviewed with the CIE. According to DSM-III-R criteria and the CIE, the prevalence of major depressive episode was 9·7%. Using ICD-10 criteria, 6·1% of residents suffered from a severe depressive episode, 6·7% from a moderate depressive episode and 6·7% from a mild depressive episode. Some measures of the social environment were significantly related to depressive symptoms.

The influence of age and sex on the prevalence of depressive conditions: report from the National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. BEBBINGTON ◽  
G. DUNN ◽  
R. JENKINS ◽  
G. LEWIS ◽  
T. BRUGHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Social Explanations ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background. Women are consistently reported to have a greater prevalence of depressive disorders than men. The reason for this is unclear, and is as likely to be social as biological. There is some evidence that the excess of depression is greater during women's reproductive lives. Data from the National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity were used to test the hypothesis that the excess disappeared in the post-menopausal years and that obvious social explanations for this were inadequate.Method. Subjects (N=9792) from a random sample of the British population provided data for the analysis. Psychiatric assessment was carried out by lay interviewers using the CIS-R. Subjects with ICD-10 depressive episode or mixed anxiety/depression were compared with the remainder. Social variables that were likely to contribute to a post-menopausal decline in depressive disorders were controlled in logistic regression analyses.Results. There was a clear reversal of the sex difference in prevalence of depression in those over age 55. This could not be explained in terms of differential effects of marital status, child care, or employment status.Conclusions. This large and representative survey adds considerably to the increasingly held view that the sex difference in prevalence of depression is less apparent in later middle age. This may be linked to the menopause, and our attempts to explain it in terms of obvious conditions among social variables were not successful. More specific studies are required to clarify the finding.

scholarly journals Depression in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Borges Gonçalves ◽  
Fernando Cendes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the comorbidity of depressive disorders in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHOD: We evaluated 25 consecutive patients with refractory TLE (16 women and 9 men), using semi-structured psychiatric interviews, according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), and the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: Seventeen of 25 patients (68%) had depressive disorder: 6 with dysthymia, three with major depressive episodes and 8 with recurrent depressive disorders. Two (8%) were diagnosed with mixed anxiety and depression. Only 5 of 17 patients (29.4%) were previously diagnosed with depressive disorder and received prior antidepressant treatment. Duration of epilepsy was significantly higher in patients with depressive disorder (p=0.016), but there was no relationship between depression and seizure frequency. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that depressive disorders are common and underdiagnosed in patients with TLE refractory to AEDs. Patients with longer duration of epilepsy are at higher risk of having depression.

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