Stress and psychiatric disorder in rural Punjab

BackgroundThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders in rural Punjab is unknown. Previous studies in rural areas elsewhere in the Indian subcontinent have yielded widely differing estimates.MethodFirst-stage screening of a village near Gujar Khan used the Bradford Somatic Inventory and Self Reporting Questionnaire. Psychiatric interviews were conducted with stratified samples using the ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research.ResultsIt is estimated that 66% of women and 25% of men suffered from anxiety and depressive disorders. Levels of emotional distress increased with age in both genders. Women living in unitary households reported more distress than those living in extended or joint families. With younger men and women, lower levels of education were associated with greater risk of psychiatric disorders. Social disadvantage was associated with more emotional distress.ConclusionsThis study in rural Punjab confirms the findings of a previous study in Chitral, northern Pakistan, of high levels of emotional distress and psychiatric morbidity among women in rural areas of Pakistan.

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Stress and psychiatric disorder in urban Rawalpindi

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.177.6.557 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 177 (6) ◽

pp. 557-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

David B. Mumford ◽

Fareed A. Minhas ◽

Imtiaz Akhtar ◽

Saeed Akhter ◽

Malik H. Mubbashar

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Emotional Distress ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Survey Method ◽

Urban District ◽

Younger Women ◽

Socio Economic Variables

BackgroundRecent studies in rural areas of Pakistan have yielded high prevalence rates of common mental disorders, especially among women.AimsTo investigate emotional distress and common mental disorders in a poor urban district using the same survey method.MethodFirst-stage screening of a slum district of Rawalpindi used the Bradford Somatic Inventory. Psychiatric interviews were conducted with stratified samples using the ICD–10 research diagnostic criteria.ResultsOn a conservative estimate, 25% of women and 10% of men suffered from anxiety and depressive disorders. Levels of emotional distress increased with age in both men and women. Women living in joint households reported more distress than those living in unitary families. Higher levels of education were associated with lower risk of common mental disorders, especially in younger women. Emotional distress was negatively correlated with socio-economic variables among women.ConclusionsThis study found levels of emotional distress and psychiatric morbidity in a poor district of Rawalpindi to be less than half those in a nearby rural village in the Punjab, although rates in women were still double those in men. Possible explanations are that more healthy people migrate to the cities or that urban living is more conducive to good mental health in Pakistan.

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Psychiatric disorders among the elderly on non-psychiatric wards in an African setting

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610207005418 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 691-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Noeline Nakasujja ◽

Seggane Musisi ◽

James Walugembe ◽

Daphne Wallace

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Psychiatric Illness ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

The Elderly ◽

High Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

Background: The elderly are vulnerable to illness and particularly to psychiatric illness. Many mentally ill elderly patients end up on non-psychiatric wards owing to somatization of their illnesses. Even for these patients, a psychiatric diagnosis may not be made. The literature on the elderly in Uganda is very scanty. This study aims to establish the prevalence and factors associated with psychiatric disorders among elderly patients admitted to non-psychiatric wards.Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study of 127 consenting elderly patients. They were administered a standardized questionnaire comprising the Self Reporting Questionnaire 25, the Mini-mental State Examination and the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV. Study variables included socio-demographic characteristics, physical illnesses, psychiatric disorders and the treatment given.Results: The rate of psychiatric morbidity was 48%. The sex ratio was 1:1; however, women had a higher rate of psychiatric illness than men, 54.6% and 41.3% respectively. Being widowed or separated and having cancer were associated with SRQ > 5, p = 0.02 and p = 0.04 respectively. Depressive disorders were the most common at 25.2% and were more common in women. Increasing age was associated with dementia (p < 0.00).Conclusion: There is a high rate of psychiatric morbidity among the elderly in Uganda. Particular attention should be given to the psychological health of elderly people admitted to general hospitals.

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Stress and Psychiatric Disorder in the Hindu Kush

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.168.3.299 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 168 (3) ◽

pp. 299-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

David B. Mumford ◽

Mohammed Nazir ◽

Faiz-Ul-Mulk Jilani ◽

Imam Yar Baig

Keyword(s):

Emotional Distress ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Economic Status ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Nuclear Families ◽

Remote Areas ◽

Hindu Kush ◽

The World ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Contradictory Evidence

BackgroundIt is widely believed that people in remote areas of the world suffer less emotional distress and fewer psychiatric disorders. Previous studies offer contradictory evidence.MethodFirst stage screening of two mountain villages in Chitral used the Bradford Somatic Inventory (BSI). Psychiatric interviews were conducted with stratified samples using the ICD–10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research.ResultsThe BSI was an effective screening test, with sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 77%. At a conservative estimate, 46% of women and 15% of men suffered from anxiety and depressive disorders. Literate subjects had lower levels of emotional distress than the illiterate. Higher socio-economic status was associated with less emotional distress. Members of joint and nuclear families were similar.ConclusionsThe study offers no support for the belief that people who live in Chitral lead stress-free lives or have low rates of psychiatric morbidity. Women may suffer more anxiety and depressive disorders than in Western societies.

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Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among Elderly In-Patients in Non-Psychiatric Wards of a Teaching Hospital in Northern Nigeria

Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.46912/jbrcp.77 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 199-206

Author(s):

M A Amedu ◽

O Baiyewu ◽

A J Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Mental State ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Female Gender ◽

Northern Nigeria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Diagnoses ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

The population of the elderly is increasing globally with enormous challenges particularly in developing countries. Aging increases the risk for both physical and psychiatric disorders with psychiatric disorders often unrecognized in non-psychiatric settings. This presents huge costs to both patient and society. The study aimed at estimating the rate of psychiatric morbidity in non-psychiatric wards of a tertiary hospital in Northern Nigeria. One hundred and forty (140) subjects were recruited into this cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants were initially screened using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) after administering the Socio-demographic questionnaire. Subjects scoring >5 in the SRQ and or ≤13 in the Modified MMSE were then further interviewed using the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS). Clinical Psychiatric diagnosis was also made based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria from all information available and later compared with GMS diagnoses. Mean age of participants was 67.5, SD ±6.4. The rate of psychiatric morbidity using ICD-10 diagnosis was 47.9% with depression being the commonest disorder (18.6%) followed by delirium (17.1%) and dementia (10.7%). Depression and anxiety disorders were particularly under-recognized by non-psychiatric doctors. Identified risk factors for psychiatric morbidity included female gender, low socioeconomic status, low educational level and presence of multiple medical diagnoses. The rate of psychiatric morbidity among elderly in-patients in non-psychiatric settings has remained high in comparison to previous studies with huge gaps in recognition and treatment reflecting the need for more collaboration between medical teams.

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Psychiatric morbidity among rural and slum female population: A comparative study

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v6i2.29131 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jhunu Shamsun Nahar ◽

Monami Haque ◽

Nafia Farzana Chowdhury ◽

M. M. A. Shalauddin Qusar ◽

Wasima Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Rural Women ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Total Duration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Population ◽

Rural Sample ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

Background: Psychiatric disorders are more prevalent among women than men worldwide. The lifetime risk of depression and dysthymia are twice as common in women as men. Rural women usually undergoes more stressful situations and also scores more on stress scale than that of urban and slum population. Objectives: The research objectives of this study are: 1) To find out the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among the study population. 2) To compare the disorders among the rural and slum female population. 3) To find out the influence of existing socio-demographic factors on psychiatric disorders. Method: This is a community-based study, which is also cross sectional and descriptive in nature. The sample for the main study constituted 366 randomly selected respondents. A two-staged screening procedure was carried in the study. First, the total population was studied by screening test-Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to divide the sample into 'screen positive' and 'screen negative' subjects. In the second stage, full assessment of a mixture of all 'screen positive' and 25% 'screen negative' was carried out by structured clinical interview for diagnosis (SCID-NP). Later SCID filled by the respondents was assessed by consultant psychiatrists by using DSMIV in order to put exact clinical diagnosis. Stress was scored according to Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLE). The total duration of the study was from July 2010 to June 2011. Results: Higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was found among rural sample (22.8%) than slum (10.90%) population. Regarding pattern of psychiatric disorders among rural sample (22.8%) than slum (10.9%) population.See the PDF for the rest of the abstract.

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Lone mothers, social exclusion and depression

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291703007347 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 715-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

S. TARGOSZ ◽

P. BEBBINGTON ◽

G. LEWIS ◽

T. BRUGHA ◽

R. JENKINS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Episode ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Social Disadvantage ◽

Marital Stability ◽

Housing Tenure ◽

Lone Mothers ◽

Icd 10

Background. In this paper, data from the British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity are used to assess depressive disorders and markers of social disadvantage in women bringing up children on their own.Method. The household component of the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity was based on a stratified random sample of >10000 subjects. This paper reports on 5281 women interviewed in person. Psychiatric symptoms and ICD-10 diagnoses were established by lay interviewers using the CIS-R. Results are presented in terms of depressive episode and mixed anxiety/depressive disorder. Housing tenure and access to a car were used as proxy measures of material status. The life event rate in the 6 months before interview was used to indicate overall exposure to stress, and subjects were asked in detail about perceived social support. Information was collected about various other sociodemographic attributes. Lone mothers were compared with supported mothers and with women not involved in care of children under 16.Results. Lone mothers had prevalence rates of depressive episode of 7%, about three times higher than any other group. The milder condition, mixed anxiety/depression, was also increased in frequency. These increased rates of depressive conditions were no longer apparent after controlling for measures of social disadvantage, stress and isolation.Conclusions. Lone mothers are increasing in numbers as marital stability declines. Their high rates of material disadvantage and of depressive disorder may have considerable implications for psychiatric and social policy.

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Temporal association of onset of daily smoking with adolescent substance use and psychiatric morbidity

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.10.009 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 85-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Risto Ilomäki ◽

Kaisa Riala ◽

Helinä Hakko ◽

Jaakko Lappalainen ◽

Taru Ollinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Diagnostic Category ◽

Daily Smoking ◽

Temporal Association ◽

Oppositional Defiant

AbstractObjectiveThe association between cigarette smoking and psychiatric disorders is well established for adult populations. However, only limited number of studies has investigated whether the young onset age of daily smoking (DS) among adolescents is associated with psychiatric morbidity and vice versa.MethodsData from 508 adolescents admitted to psychiatric hospitalization were collected. Cox proportional hazard model were used to compare the initiation of DS between adolescents with and without substance use (SUD), and other psychiatric disorders.ResultsRates of DS were high in each diagnostic category. Boys started smoking at younger age (mean 12.4 years) than girls (13.0 years). Both boys and girls diagnosed with conduct or oppositional defiant disorders (COD) and also girls with SUD started daily smoking earlier as compared to those of same gender without these disorders.COD were found to be primary to the initiation of DS among boys. SUD, psychotic, and depressive disorders (DEP) were found to be secondary to DS among both genders.ConclusionsDS in adolescence is related with later SUD. COD are associated with subsequent initiation of DS among boys. The temporal gap between smoking initiation and COD is shorter among girls. Gender difference plays a role in association of DS and DEP. Initiation of DS at very early age should alert health care professionals of development of later psychopathology, especially SUD.

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Psychiatric Morbidity among the Patients Attended in a Psychiatric OPD in North East Part of Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh

Medicine Today ◽

10.3329/medtoday.v32i1.44827 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 52-54

Author(s):

Md Shafiul Islam ◽

Aminur Rahman ◽

Siddhartha Paul

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Adjustment Disorder ◽

Somatoform Disorder ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Medical College ◽

North East

Introduction: Mental health problem is a major public health issue in the world across the developed and developing countries. However, data in most of the developing countries including Bangladesh are scarce. In Bangladesh, socio-political situation is insecure and unstable with poverty and vulnerable to natural disaster which causes psychiatric morbidity. The pattern of psychiatric morbidity attended in OPD is quite different from that in government hospital. This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic pattern of psychiatric morbidity among the attended patients in a out patient department in a medical college. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in a OPD which is situated in 500 bedded private medical college in the sylhet city. All the information including longitudinal histories of patients was recorded in files and the diagnosis was confirmed by psychiatrist. All information notes were recorded in register. Socio -demographic parameters and family history of mental illness were collected from the record file of individual patient. Results: Among 304 patients 184 (60.53%) were males and 120 (36.47%) were females. More than 50% of patients were in the age group of 18 to 37 years. Most common psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (39.4%), mood disorder (18.75%), borderline personality disorder (3.6%), conduct disorder (2.3), somatoform disorder (1.6%), anxiety disorder (0.7%), organic psychiatric disorder (2%), impulse control disorder (1.3%) and adjustment disorder (0.7%). Conclusion: Major forms of psychiatric disorders are common both in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 52-54

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Pattern of psychiatric morbidity among the patients admitted in a private psychiatric clinic

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v8i1.3186 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 23-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Fahmida ◽

MA Wahab ◽

MM Rahman

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Medical Science ◽

Adjustment Disorder ◽

Somatoform Disorder ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Psychiatric Clinic

Background: Mental health problem is a major public health issue in the world across the developed and developing countries. However, data in most of the developing countries including Bangladesh are scarce. In Bangladesh, socio-political situation is insecure and unstable with poverty and vulnerable to natural disaster which causes psychiatric morbidity. The pattern of psychiatric morbidity in private clinic is quite different from that in government hospital. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic pattern of psychiatric morbidity among the admitted patients in a private psychiatric clinic. Methodology: The study was carried out in a 20 bedded private psychiatric clinic in the heart of Dhaka city. All the information including longitudinal histories of patients was recorded in files and the diagnosis was confirmed by psychiatrist. Admission and discharge notes were recorded in register. Socio-demographic parameters and family history of mental illness were collected from the record file of individual patient. Results: Among 304 patients 184 (60.53%) were males and 120 (36.47%) were females. More than 50% of patients were in the age group of 18 to 37 years. Most common psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (39.4%), mood disorder (18.75%), borderline personality disorder (3.6%), conduct disorder (2.3), somatoform disorder (1.6%), anxiety disorder (0.7%), organic psychiatric disorder (2%), impulse control disorder (1.3%) and adjustment disorder (0.7%). Conclusion: Major forms of psychiatric disorders are common both in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Keywords: Psychiatric morbidity doi: 10.3329/bjms.v8i1.3186 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.8 No. 1-2; 2009 23-28

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The diagnostic stability of ICD-10 psychiatric diagnoses in clinical practice

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80202-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 136-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

TK Daradkeh ◽

OEF El-Rufaie ◽

YO Younis ◽

R Ghubash

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Somatoform Disorders ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Diagnostic System ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Stability ◽

Icd 10

SummaryThis study examines the stability of ICD-10 diagnoses of patients admitted to Al Ain (United Arab Emirates) inpatients psychiatric unit during the period from November 1993 to August 1995. Diagnostic stability is a measure of the degree to which diagnoses remained unchanged at a later hospital admission. One hundred and seven patients were admitted more than once during this period, accounting for 168 readmissions. High levels of diagnostic stability were found for ICD-10 Fl-psychiatric disorders (100%), F2-schizophrenia (87%), F3-bipolar disorders (87%) and F3-depressive disorders (73%). A poor level of stability was found for patients with neurotic, stress related and adjustment disorders (F4), ranging from zero for somatoform disorders to 50% for generalized anxiety and panic disorders. Poor levels of stability were also found for other psychoses (excluding schizophrenia and affective psychoses) and personality disorders. We conclude that the introduction of ICD-10 as a formal diagnostic system has greatly improved the temporal stability of the most commonly encountered psychiatric disorders (ICD-10 Fl to F3 disorders), confirming the construct validity of those psychiatric disorders. Further investigations are required to evaluate the diagnostic stability of neurotic and other psychotic disorders.

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