Genetic and environmental contributions to retrospectively reported DSM-IV childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

BackgroundA variety of methodologies and techniques converge on the notion that adults and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have similar deficits, but there is limited knowledge about whether adult retrospective reports reflect similar genetic and environmental influences implicated in childhood ADHD.MethodDSM-IV ADHD symptoms were collected retrospectively from 3896 young adults participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Responses from this genetically informative sample of same- and opposite-sex twins and siblings were used to determine the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences. Possible gender differences in these effects were also examined. The degree of familial specificity of the genetic and environmental influences on the Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive symptom dimensions was also determined.ResultsAdditive genetic effects contributed moderately to DSM-IV Inattentive, Hyperactive-Impulsive and Combined ADHD subtypes (heritability estimates of 0.30–0.38). Individual-specific influences accounted for the remaining proportion of the variance. Both genetic and individual-specific environmental effects contributed to the covariation of Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive symptomologies.ConclusionsResults from our genetic analyses agree with previous findings based on self-assessment of current and retrospectively reported ADHD symptoms in adolescents and adults. Large individual-specific environmental influences as identified here suggest that current questionnaires used for retrospective diagnoses may not provide the most accurate reconstruction of the etiological influences on childhood ADHD in general population samples.

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Incidence of Internet addiction in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.457 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S396-S397

Author(s):

B. Tuzun Mutluer ◽

T.G. Yener Orum ◽

S. Sertcelik

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Internet Use ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Dsm Iv

ObjectiveIn this study, it was aimed to determine the internet use properties of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) patients who were followed-up at Haydarpasa Numune Research and Training Hospital, Psychiatry Department; ADHD Outpatient Clinic.MethodThirty participants who were diagnosed with adult ADHD aged between 18–31 years rated their ADHD symptoms in childhood retrospectively, using Wender Utah Rating Scale. Patients rated current adult ADHD symptoms with the Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale (DSRS) and severity of symptoms measured by Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Internet addiction (IA) was assessed with Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). It was determined that, none of 30 Adult ADHD patients have been diagnosed with IA.29 of patient have moderate internet use although 1 of patients have risky internet use. The results revealed that total ASRS score (P = 0.020), total Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based DSRS score (P = 0.036) and the Attention Deficit related properties subscale total score (P = 0.042) were significantly correlated with the IAS total score. Subscale of the self-report scales including; failing to finish schoolworks, chores, or duties at workplace, difficulty of following through on instructions (P = 0.017), restiveness; impaired inhibitory performance (P = 0.017), feeling not confident (P = 0.017), difficulty of managing time (P = 0.047), failing to give close attention to details or making careless mistakes (P = 0.037) are closely relevant to IAS total score.ResultIn conclusion, clinical features, which are characteristic of Adult ADHD could have same shared etiology with IA. Furthermore, ADHD patients are more likely to have an IA diagnosis. However, it was thought that this result had to be supported with studies including larger samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Supplemental Material for Validity of DSM–IV Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Dimensions and Subtypes

Journal of Abnormal Psychology ◽

10.1037/a0027347.supp ◽

2012 ◽

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Symptom Dimensions ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Disorder Symptom ◽

Dsm Iv

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Validity of DSM-IV attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom dimensions and subtypes.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology ◽

10.1037/a0027347 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 121 (4) ◽

pp. 991-1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 418

Author(s):

Erik G. Willcutt ◽

Joel T. Nigg ◽

Bruce F. Pennington ◽

Mary V. Solanto ◽

Luis A. Rohde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Symptom Dimensions ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Disorder Symptom ◽

Dsm Iv

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Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity: epidemiological study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.112.123299 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 203 (1) ◽

pp. 24-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Samuele Cortese ◽

Stephen V. Faraone ◽

Silvia Bernardi ◽

Shuai Wang ◽

Carlos Blanco

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Adult Obesity ◽

Face To Face ◽

Childhood Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

The Impact

BackgroundA significant association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity has been reported. This study addresses unexplored aspects of this relationship.AimsTo evaluate the association between adult obesity and: (a) persistent, remitted or lifetime ADHD; (b) number of childhood ADHD symptoms, controlling for socioeconomic status and mood, anxiety and substance use disorders.MethodFace-to-face psychiatric interviews in 34653 US adults from the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ⩾30.ResultsPersistent, lifetime or remitted ADHD were not associated with obesity after controlling for confounders. The number of childhood ADHD symptoms was significantly associated with adult obesity, even after adjustment, in women.ConclusionsChildhood ADHD symptoms are associated with obesity in women even after comorbid psychiatric disorders are accounted for. This provides a rationale for longitudinal studies assessing the impact of the treatment of childhood ADHD symptoms on obesity in women.

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Measures of executive functions predicting Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms

African Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.4102/ajopa.v3i0.48 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Tshikani T. Boshomane ◽

Basil J. Pillay ◽

Anneke Meyer

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Neuropsychological Tests ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Core Symptoms ◽

Adhd Symptomatology

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder, and in many children, ADHD is thought to be aggravated by a deficit in executive functions (EFs). This study tried to establish whether commonly used neuropsychological tests of EF also predicted the core symptoms of ADHD, namely hyperactivity/impulsiveness (H/I) and inattention, as well as total ADHD symptomatology, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). The participants were children from the Limpopo province, South Africa, aged from 6 to 15 years (M = 11.7 years; SD = 1.7). One hundred and fifty-six children (51.3% girls) were assessed by neuropsychological tests of EFs: the Tower of London (ToL), Digits Forward and Digits Backward, Trails-A and Trails-B and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Forward stepwise regression analysis was employed to predict H/I and inattention, as well as total ADHD symptomatology, based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. All the tests, except Trails-A, were found to predict ADHD symptomatology. The WCST (total errors) was the best predictor of all the ADHD symptoms and also for H/I and inattention separately, followed by Trails-B and Digits Backwards, which were found to predict more symptoms of inattention than H/I. Perseverative errors on the WCST predicted more H/I symptomatology, whilst non-perseverating errors were more associated with inattention. The ToL and Digits Forward predicted fewer ADHD symptoms. The ToL seemed more sensitive to inattention, whilst Digits Forward showed a stronger association with H/I. The WCST, Digits Backwards and Trails-B may be used to measure EF to support the diagnosis of ADHD in a clinical setting and to indicate cognitive impairment.

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Childhood risk factors for substance use disorders in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subjects

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71800-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 89-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Nogueira ◽

R. Bosch ◽

G. Palomar ◽

M. Corrales ◽

N. Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Assessment Protocol ◽

Childhood Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiant

IntroductionCo-morbidity between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Substance Use Disorders (SUD) is considered to be about 25–50% in adults. Several studies show vulnerability factors to later SUD to be associated with childhood ADHD features, such as conduct problems, untreated ADHD and maltreatment.ObjectivesTo define childhood ADHD associated factors that predispose to SUD.Specifically, comorbidity with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD), temperamental traits, academic failure, familial SUD history, childhood maltreatment and subtype, severity and age of treatment of ADHD symptoms.MethodsA comparative study was carried out in a sample of ADHD adults from the Department of Psychiatry H.U. Vall d’Hebron. Both groups, ADHD and ADHD+SUD subjects underwent the following assessment protocol: Conners Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID-I & II), Wender Utath Rating Scale (WURS), SCID-I, SCID-II and K-SDAS.ResultsThe total sample (n = 305) consisted of 201 men (66%) with age between 18–61 years. Two groups were compared: 162 ADHD subjects and 143 ADHD+SUD subjects. The ADHD+SUD group had significantly higher rates of comorbidity with ODD and CD, temperamental traits (obstinacy, bad temper, impulsive behavior), maladaptive behaviors at school, familial SUD history, childhood maltreatment, and major severity of the childhood ADHD symptoms. Neither ADHD subtype nor the non-treatment of ADHD during childhood were associated with later SUD.ConclusionsAn important percentage of ADHD children develop a SUD during their lifespan. This study shows that there are childhood factors that are strongly associated with SUD in ADHD subjects.

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Genetic and environmental influences on adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: a large Swedish population-based study of twins

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291712001067 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 197-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

H. Larsson ◽

P. Asherson ◽

Z. Chang ◽

T. Ljung ◽

B. Friedrichs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Genetic Factor ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Population Based ◽

Genetic Influences ◽

Phenotypic Correlation ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

The Impact

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently persists into adulthood. Family and twin studies delineate a disorder with strong genetic influences among children and adolescents based on parent- and teacher-reported data but little is known about the genetic and environmental contribution to DSM-IV ADHD symptoms in adulthood. We therefore aimed to investigate the impact of genetic and environmental influences on the inattentive and hyperactive–impulsive symptoms of ADHD in adults.MethodTwin methods were applied to self-reported assessments of ADHD symptoms from a large population-based Swedish twin study that included data from 15 198 Swedish male and female twins aged 20 to 46 years.ResultsThe broad heritability [i.e. A + D, where A is an additive genetic factor and D (dominance) a non-additive genetic factor] was 37% (A = 11%, D = 26%) for inattention and 38% (A = 18%, D = 20%) for hyperactivity–impulsivity. The results also indicate that 52% of the phenotypic correlation between inattention and hyperactivity–impulsivity (r = 0.43) was explained by genetic influences whereas the remaining part of the covariance was explained by non-shared environmental influences. These results were replicated across age strata.ConclusionsOur findings of moderate broad heritability estimates are consistent with previous literature on self-rated ADHD symptoms in older children, adolescents and adults and retrospective reports of self-rated childhood ADHD by adults but differ from studies of younger children with informant ratings. Future research needs to clarify whether our data indicate a true decrease in the heritability of ADHD in adults compared to children, or whether this relates to the use of self-ratings in contrast to informant data.

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Prevalence and correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients

Middle East Current Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s43045-019-0007-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lamis Ibrahim ◽

Wail Abouhendy ◽

Nelly Raafat ◽

Amira Ahmed Fouad

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Childhood Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Child Adhd ◽

History Of

Abstract Background High rates of history of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms have been found in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) adults. Both, when comorbid, cause the clinical course to be unfavorable, more susceptibility to substance use, and a bad response to treatment. We planned to assess the impact of childhood ADHD symptoms on OCD adults and the effect of this on clinical characteristics and comorbidities of the disorder. Results Our cross-sectional investigation uncovered that 44% of the OCD patients had childhood ADHD symptoms. Patients with childhood ADHD manifestations with at present grown-up ADHD had more elevated amounts of depression, anxiety, and impulsiveness. OCD patients with child ADHD symptoms but not continued symptoms till adulthood versus those without child ADHD symptoms had higher levels of depression, anxiety, and impulsiveness and more severe OCD symptoms. Conclusion ADHD in adults with OCD is associated with some features impairing the clinical picture including higher levels of anxiety, depression, and impulsiveness reflecting more chronic illness. A childhood history of ADHD symptoms, even if not continued till adulthood, caused more impulsiveness, more severe OCD symptoms, and more anxiety and depression comorbidity.

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