Accounting for the association between childhood maltreatment and alcohol-use disorders in males: a twin study

BackgroundAn association between childhood maltreatment and subsequent alcohol abuse and/or dependence (AAD) has been found in multiple studies of females. Less is known about the association between childhood maltreatment and AAD among males, and the mechanisms that underlie this association in either gender. One explanation is that childhood maltreatment increases risk for AAD. An alternative explanation is that the same genetic or environmental factors that increase a child's risk for being maltreated also contribute to risk for AAD in adulthood.MethodLifetime diagnosis of AAD was assessed using structured clinical interviews in a sample of 3527 male participants aged 19–56 years from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. The sources of childhood maltreatment–AAD association were estimated using both a matched case–control analysis of twin pairs discordant for childhood maltreatment and bivariate twin modeling.ResultsApproximately 9% of participants reported childhood maltreatment, defined as serious neglect, molestation, or physical abuse occurring before the age of 15 years. Those who experienced childhood maltreatment were 1.74 times as likely to meet AAD criteria compared with males who did not experience childhood maltreatment. The childhood maltreatment–AAD association largely reflected environmental factors in common to members of twin pairs. Additional exploratory analyses provided evidence that AAD risk associated with childhood maltreatment was significantly attenuated after adjusting for measured family-level risk factors.ConclusionsMales who experienced childhood maltreatment had an increased risk for AAD. Our results suggest that the childhood maltreatment–AAD association is attributable to broader environmental adversity shared between twins.

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Single-level vertebral kyphoplasty is not associated with an increased risk of symptomatic secondary adjacent osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a matched case–control analysis

Archives of Osteoporosis ◽

10.1007/s11657-018-0489-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Henrik Teuber ◽

Simon Tiziani ◽

Sascha Halvachizadeh ◽

Diana Frey ◽

Kai Sprengel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control ◽

Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽

Compression Fractures ◽

Single Level ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Matched Case ◽

Case Control Analysis

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A Single Institution Retrospective Analysis of the Effect of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents in Patients with Multiple Myleoma

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v128.22.5701.5701 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 128 (22) ◽

pp. 5701-5701

Author(s):

Benjamin M Parsons ◽

Andrew J Borgert ◽

Angela Smith ◽

Daniel Arndorfer

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Product Labeling ◽

Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Matched Case ◽

Case Control Analysis

Abstract Background: Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESAs) are FDA approved for chemotherapy induced anemia and anemia of chronic kidney disease. These indications are more frequent in patients with multiple myeloma. Use of ESAs has been associated with an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and all-cause mortality. In patients with cancer, ESA's have been associated with worse progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) Previous research regarding ESA use in patients with multiple myeloma has been limited and conflicting. In this study, we evaluate the effects of ESA use in patients with multiple myeloma. Additionally, we examined the frequency of ESA usage after the 2007 FDA safety update revising product labeling for ESAs. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients diagnosed with active multiple myeloma between January 1st, 2000 and December 31st, 2015 at Gundersen Health System in La Crosse Wisconsin. Collected data include patient demographics, medications, lab tests, comorbidities, and the dates of any VTE, stroke, or myocardial infarction. Both a logistic regression and a matched case-control analysis were used to compare rates of complications in patients using ESAs to those that did not. ESA effect on median survival time was also calculated for each International Staging System (ISS) stage of disease. Results:There were 278 patients included for demographic analysis (Table 1), of which 268 were included in the logistic regression analysis and 124 (62 pairs) in the matched case-control analysis. A logistic regression model constructed via stepwise selection found that bone lesions at diagnosis (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.5 [1.2-5.1]), antiplatelet drug use (OR: 3.7 [1.2-11.3]) and ESA use (OR: 4.7 [2.2-9.9]) were associated with increased risk of VTE in our patient population. Use of an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (OR: 0.4 [0.2-0.9]) was associated with a decreased risk of VTE. Increased odds of VTE with ESA usage (OR: 5.9 [1.9 - 18.8]) were also noted in the matched case-control analysis. There was no association found between rate of stroke and ESA usage in either logistic or matched case-control analysis. No significant association between ESA use and overall survival was noted in either logistic or matched case-control analysis. When comparing outcomes based upon pre and post FDA revised product labeling, we found a 50% reduction in ESA usage within our institution. In this same time period, the percentage of patients with multiple myeloma developing VTEs has been significantly reduced (18.6% vs 12.8% [p<0.007]). Conclusions: In our population, the use of ESAs in multiple myeloma patients was associated with increased risk of VTE. No significant association between ESA use and overall survival was noted. The observed decrease in both ESA use and rate of VTE in patients with myeloma after the 2007 revised safety labelling by the FDA may reflect practice changes in response to this revision at our institution. Further study in a prospective large multicenter dataset with further control of confounding variables is warranted. Table 1 Table 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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General Relative-Risk Models for Survival Time and Matched Case-Control Analysis

Biometrics ◽

10.2307/2530149 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 673 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Duncan C. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Survival Time ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Risk Models ◽

Matched Case ◽

Case Control Analysis

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Clinical and Radiographic Predictors of Acetabular Cartilage Lesions in Adolescents Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546518801848 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (13) ◽

pp. 3082-3089 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michael P. McClincy ◽

Drake G. Lebrun ◽

Frances A. Tepolt ◽

Young-Jo Kim ◽

Yi-Meng Yen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hip Arthroscopy ◽

Alpha Angle ◽

Cartilage Lesion ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Acetabular Cartilage ◽

Crossover Sign ◽

Cartilage Lesions ◽

Matched Case ◽

Male Sex ◽

Case Control Analysis

Background: Acetabular cartilage lesions are a known cause of poor outcomes after hip arthroscopy and are seen regularly among adolescents. However, studies identifying preoperative factors predictive of acetabular cartilage lesions have been limited to adult populations. Purpose: To assess clinical and radiographic predictors of acetabular cartilage lesions in a large cohort of adolescents undergoing hip arthroscopy. Study Design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for idiopathic femoroacetabular impingement or acetabular labral tears at a children’s hospital were reviewed. Demographic predictors were analyzed by use of univariate logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. A matched case-control analysis was subsequently performed to identify radiographic predictors of acetabular cartilage lesions through use of univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression. Results: Four hundred two patients (446 hips) undergoing hip arthroscopy between 2010 and 2015 were analyzed. Median age was 16.7 years (range, 13.6-19.0) and 72% of patients were female. Ninety-five hips (21%) were found to have an acetabular cartilage lesion at the time of arthroscopic surgery. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4-2.1), male sex (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7-5.0), and body mass index (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.14) were found to be predictive of intraoperative acetabular cartilage lesions. In the matched case-control analysis, femoral alpha angle as calculated on a Dunn lateral radiograph was independently predictive of an intraoperative acetabular cartilage lesion (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6). Additionally, the presence of a crossover sign was independently associated with a decreased odds of an acetabular cartilage lesion (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7). On multivariate analysis, alpha angle (Dunn lateral) (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-3.1) and crossover sign (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7) remained independently associated with the presence of an acetabular cartilage lesion. The presence of an acetabular labral tear was not predictive of an associated cartilage lesion (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.39-3.47; P = .78). Conclusion: In an adolescent population undergoing hip arthroscopy, older age, male sex, and higher body mass index were predictive of acetabular cartilage lesions. From an imaging standpoint, increased alpha angle increased the likelihood of an acetabular cartilage lesion whereas the presence of a crossover sign decreased this likelihood. Predicting the presence of an acetabular cartilage lesion is important when considering a hip arthroscopy procedure to facilitate preoperative planning and to more accurately set patient expectations.

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Influence of Prognostic Risk Indicators on Osseointegrated Dental Implant Failure: A Matched Case-Control Analysis

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00086 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 51-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Rami Alissa ◽

Richard J. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Case Control ◽

Implant Failure ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Therapeutic Modality ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Wide Diameter ◽

Related Risk ◽

Matched Case ◽

Case Control Analysis

Dental implant treatment is an important therapeutic modality with documented long-term success for replacement of missing teeth. However, dental implants can be susceptible to disease conditions or healing complications that may lead to implant loss. This case-control study identified several risk indicators associated with failure such as smoking and alcohol consumption. The use of postoperative antibiotics or wide-diameter implants may significantly reduce implant failure. Knowledge of patient-related risk factors may assist the clinician in proper case selection and treatment planning.

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Abstract 357: DNA Methylation Profiles of African American Val122Ile-Transthyretin Mutation Carriers Reveals Genes Involved in Amyloidosis Regulation

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/res.127.suppl_1.357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 127 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Gita Pathak ◽

Frank Wendt ◽

Antonella De Lillo ◽

Yari Nunez ◽

Aranyak Goswami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Hippocampal Neurons ◽

Cardiac Fibrosis ◽

African Descent ◽

Amyloid Deposition ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Altered Gene ◽

Case Control Analysis

The Transthyretin ( TTR ) Val122Ile mutation causes a rare life-threatening disorder attributable to amyloid deposition. This mutation is mainly present in people of African descent; carriers have an increased risk of congestive heart failure and several other non-cardiac phenotypes such as carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral edema, and arthroplasty. Cardiac disease in Val122Ile carriers may not depend solely on this mutation and other uninvestigated factors could contribute to clinical heterogeneity. One possible mechanism is through DNA methylation, the addition of a methyl group on CG-dinucleotides, which can result in altered gene expression. We investigated methylation changes contributing to heart disease in Val122Ile carriers to identify non-TTR regulatory mechanisms. We investigated 96 Val122Ile carriers of genetically-confirmed African descent using the Illumina EPIC array, which covers 850,000 methylation sites across the genome. We found changes in five methylated sites associated with heart disease. These map to FAM129B, SKI, WDR27, GLS , and an intergenic site near RP11-550A5.2 (p=1.6 to 4.6e-8), and a methylated region containing KCNA6 and GALNT3 (p=1.1e-12). Weighted methylated sites mapped to PPI network analysis identified ABCA1 gene (p=0.001). We also found six cis-mQTLs associated with the FAM129B CpG site (p=4.1e-24 to 2.8e-14). We replicated two of the aforementioned CpG sites near RP11-550A5.2 (p=0.021) and in FAM129B (p=0.016) at nominal significance in a case-control analysis of confirmed cases of TTR amyloidosis. GLS encodes glutaminase, which catalyzes the conversion of glutamine to glutamate. Its expression is increased in amyloid-beta neurons and neurofibrillary tangles. ABCA1 regulates cholesterol transport and interacts with APOA1 and APP ; its dysregulation increases amyloid deposition. Increasing FAM129B expression improves the clearance of amyloid deposits and rescues hippocampal neurons from apoptosis. The SKI expression modulates TGF-beta , resulting in cardiac fibrosis. Of note, SKI and FAM129B together are involved in the regularion of various muscle tissues. Collectively, these findings suggest that a complex amyloid-related gene circuit could explain diverse symptoms in Val122Ile carriers.

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Life-threatening alcohol-related traffic crashes in adverse weather: a double-matched case–control analysis from Canada

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e024415 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donald A Redelmeier ◽

Fizza Manzoor

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Case Control ◽

Additional Patient ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Drinking And Driving ◽

Traffic Crash ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Matched Case ◽

Case Control Analysis

ImportanceDrunk driving is a major cause of death in North America, yet physicians rarely counsel patients on the risks of drinking and driving.ObjectiveTo test whether the risks of a life-threatening alcohol-related traffic crash were further accentuated by adverse weather.DesignDouble matched case–control analysis of hospitalised patients.SettingCanada’s largest trauma centre between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 2015.ParticipantsPatients hospitalised due to a life-threatening alcohol-related traffic crash.ExposureRelative risk of a crash associated with adverse weather estimated by evaluating the weather at the place and time of the crash (cases) compared with the weather at the same place and time a week earlier and a week later (controls).ResultsA total of 2088 patients were included, of whom the majority were drivers injured at night. Adverse weather prevailed among 312 alcohol-related crashes and was significantly more frequent compared with control circumstances. The relative risk of a life-threatening alcohol-related traffic crash was 19% higher during adverse weather compared with normal weather (95% CI: 5 to 35, p=0.006). The absolute increase in risk amounted to 43 additional crashes, extended to diverse groups of patients, applied during night-time and daytime, contributed to about 793 additional patient-days in hospital and was distinct from the risks for drivers who were negative for alcohol.ConclusionsAdverse weather was associated with an increased risk of a life-threatening alcohol-related traffic crash. An awareness of this risk might inform warnings to patients about traffic safety and counselling alternatives to drinking and driving.

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