Reduced parahippocampal cortical thickness in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis

Background.The majority of people at ultra high risk (UHR) of psychosis also present with co-morbid affective disorders such as depression or anxiety. The neuroanatomical and clinical impact of UHR co-morbidity is unknown.Method.We investigated group differences in grey matter volume using baseline magnetic resonance images from 121 participants in four groups: UHR with depressive or anxiety co-morbidity; UHR alone; major depressive disorder; and healthy controls. The impact of grey matter volume on baseline and longitudinal clinical/functional data was assessed with regression analyses.Results.The UHR-co-morbidity group had lower grey matter volume in the anterior cingulate cortex than the UHR-alone group, with an intermediate effect between controls and patients with major depressive disorder. In the UHR-co-morbidity group, baseline anterior cingulate volume was negatively correlated with baseline suicidality/self-harm and obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms.Conclusions.Co-morbid depression and anxiety disorders contributed distinctive grey matter volume reductions of the anterior cingulate cortex in people at UHR of psychosis. These volumetric deficits were correlated with baseline measures of depression and anxiety, suggesting that co-morbid depressive and anxiety diagnoses should be carefully considered in future clinical and imaging studies of the psychosis high-risk state.

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Late chronotype is linked to greater cortical thickness in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri

10.21203/rs.3.rs-588446/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michal Rafal Zareba ◽

Magdalena Fafrowicz ◽

Tadeusz Marek ◽

Ewa Beldzik ◽

Halszka Oginska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Affective Processing ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Imaging Data ◽

White Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Anatomical Basis

Abstract Humans can be classified as early, intermediate and late chronotypes based on the preferred sleep and wakefulness patterns. The anatomical basis of these distinctions remains largely unexplored. Using magnetic resonance imaging data from 113 healthy young adults (71 females), we aimed to replicate cortical thickness and grey matter volume chronotype differences reported earlier in the literature using a greater sample size, as well as to explore the volumetric white matter variation linked to contrasting circadian phenotypes. Instead of comparing the chronotypes, we correlated the individual chronotype scores with their morphometric brain measures. The results revealed one cluster in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri showing increased cortical thickness with increasing preference for eveningness, potentially providing an anatomical substrate for chronotype-sensitive affective processing. No significant results were found for grey and white matter volume. We failed to replicate cortical thickness and volumetric grey matter distinctions in the brain regions reported in the literature. Furthermore, we found no association between white matter volume and chronotype. Thus, while this study confirms that circadian preference is associated with specific structural substrates, it adds to the growing concerns that reliable and replicable neuroimaging research requires datasets much larger than those commonly used.

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Baseline grey matter volume of non-transitioned “ultra high risk” for psychosis individuals with and without attenuated psychotic symptoms at long-term follow-up

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2015.05.014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 173 (3) ◽

pp. 152-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Vanessa L. Cropley ◽

Ashleigh Lin ◽

Barnaby Nelson ◽

Renate L.E.P. Reniers ◽

Alison R. Yung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Ultra High Risk ◽

Long Term Follow Up

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Late chronotype is linked to greater cortical thickness in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri

10.21203/rs.3.rs-588446/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michal Rafal Zareba ◽

Magdalena Fafrowicz ◽

Tadeusz Marek ◽

Ewa Beldzik ◽

Halszka Oginska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Affective Processing ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Imaging Data ◽

White Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Anatomical Basis

Abstract Humans can be classified as early, intermediate and late chronotypes based on the preferred sleep and wakefulness patterns. The anatomical basis of these distinctions remains largely unexplored. Using magnetic resonance imaging data from 113 healthy young adults (71 females), we aimed to replicate cortical thickness and grey matter volume chronotype differences reported earlier in the literature using a greater sample size, as well as to explore the volumetric white matter variation linked to contrasting circadian phenotypes. Instead of comparing the chronotypes, we correlated the individual chronotype scores with their morphometric brain measures. The results revealed one cluster in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri showing increased cortical thickness with increasing preference for eveningness, potentially providing an anatomical substrate for chronotype-sensitive affective processing. No significant results were found for grey and white matter volume. We failed to replicate cortical thickness and volumetric grey matter distinctions in the brain regions reported in the literature. Furthermore, we found no association between white matter volume and chronotype. Thus, while this study confirms that circadian preference is associated with specific structural substrates, it adds to the growing concerns that reliable and replicable neuroimaging research requires datasets much larger than those commonly used.

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Neuroanatomical correlates of different vulnerability states for psychosis and their clinical outcomes

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.108.052068 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 195 (3) ◽

pp. 218-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Nikolaos Koutsouleris ◽

Gisela J. E. Schmitt ◽

Christian Gaser ◽

Ronald Bottlender ◽

Johanna Scheuerecker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

Mental State ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Mental States ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Matter Volume ◽

At Risk Mental State

BackgroundStructural brain abnormalities have been described in individuals with an at-risk mental state for psychosis. However, the neuroanatomical underpinnings of the early and late at-risk mental state relative to clinical outcome remain unclear.AimsTo investigate grey matter volume abnormalities in participants in a putatively early or late at-risk mental state relative to their prospective clinical outcome.MethodVoxel-based morphometry of magnetic resonance imaging data from 20 people with a putatively early at-risk mental state (ARMS–E group) and 26 people with a late at-risk mental state (ARMS–L group) as well as from 15 participants with at-risk mental states with subsequent disease transition (ARMS–T group) and 18 participants without subsequent disease transition (ARMS–NT group) were compared with 75 healthy volunteers.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, ARMS–L participants had grey matter volume losses in frontotemporolimbic structures. Participants in the ARMS–E group showed bilateral temporolimbic alterations and subtle prefrontal abnormalities. Participants in the ARMS–T group had prefrontal alterations relative to those in the ARMS–NT group and in the healthy controls that overlapped with the findings in the ARMS–L group.ConclusionsBrain alterations associated with the early at-risk mental state may relate to an elevated susceptibility to psychosis, whereas alterations underlying the late at-risk mental state may indicate a subsequent transition to psychosis.

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Reductions of grey matter volume in subjects at high risk of schizophrenia

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/s1053-8119(01)92444-9 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.L. Yates ◽

H.C. Whalley ◽

P. Miller ◽

J.J.K. Best ◽

D.C. Owens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume

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Abnormalities in left inferior frontal gyral thickness and parahippocampal gyral volume in young people at high genetic risk for bipolar disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716000507 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 2083-2096 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. Roberts ◽

R. Lenroot ◽

A. Frankland ◽

P. K. Yeung ◽

N. Gale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Degree Relative ◽

Matter Volume

BackgroundFronto-limbic structural brain abnormalities have been reported in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but findings in individuals at increased genetic risk of developing BD have been inconsistent. We conducted a study in adolescents and young adults (12–30 years) comparing measures of fronto-limbic cortical and subcortical brain structure between individuals at increased familial risk of BD (at risk; AR), subjects with BD and controls (CON). We separately examined cortical volume, thickness and surface area as these have distinct neurodevelopmental origins and thus may reflect differential effects of genetic risk.MethodWe compared fronto-limbic measures of grey and white matter volume, cortical thickness and surface area in 72 unaffected-risk individuals with at least one first-degree relative with bipolar disorder (AR), 38 BD subjects and 72 participants with no family history of mental illness (CON).ResultsThe AR group had significantly reduced cortical thickness in the left pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared with the CON group, and significantly increased left parahippocampal gyral volume compared with those with BD.ConclusionsThe finding of reduced cortical thickness of the left pars orbitalis in AR subjects is consistent with other evidence supporting the IFG as a key region associated with genetic liability for BD. The greater volume of the left parahippocampal gyrus in those at high risk is in line with some prior reports of regional increases in grey matter volume in at-risk subjects. Assessing multiple complementary morphometric measures may assist in the better understanding of abnormal developmental processes in BD.

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A role for putamen in phonological processing in children

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728916000614 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 318-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

SARIKA CHERODATH ◽

CHAITRA RAO ◽

RASHI MIDHA ◽

SUMATHI T A ◽

NANDINI C SINGH

Keyword(s):

Early Literacy ◽

Phonological Processing ◽

Reading Skills ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Phonological Skills ◽

Nonword Reading ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Post Hoc

Bilingual children are required to successfully develop phonological skills in two languages, yet little is known about the neural correlates associated with them. We obtained structural imaging data from 30 Hindi–English children aged between 8 and 10 years and used voxel based morphometry to explore neuroanatomical correlates of behavioural measures of phonological awareness. Our results showed that phonological skills in English are predicted by grey matter volume of bilateral putamen, but solely by right putamen in Hindi. Post-hoc analysis revealed that English nonword reading correlates with grey matter volume in bilateral putamen while in Hindi nonword reading it correlates only with right putamen. These differences in putamen-based mechanisms indicate that syllable level awareness sufficiently supports early literacy in the transparent, alphasyllabic Hindi orthography whereas that in English requires both phonemic and syllabic level awareness. Our findings point towards a key role for putamen in mediating phonological and reading skills in children.

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