scholarly journals Neuroanatomical correlates of different vulnerability states for psychosis and their clinical outcomes

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Koutsouleris ◽  
Gisela J. E. Schmitt ◽  
Christian Gaser ◽  
Ronald Bottlender ◽  
Johanna Scheuerecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
At Risk Mental State

BackgroundStructural brain abnormalities have been described in individuals with an at-risk mental state for psychosis. However, the neuroanatomical underpinnings of the early and late at-risk mental state relative to clinical outcome remain unclear.AimsTo investigate grey matter volume abnormalities in participants in a putatively early or late at-risk mental state relative to their prospective clinical outcome.MethodVoxel-based morphometry of magnetic resonance imaging data from 20 people with a putatively early at-risk mental state (ARMS–E group) and 26 people with a late at-risk mental state (ARMS–L group) as well as from 15 participants with at-risk mental states with subsequent disease transition (ARMS–T group) and 18 participants without subsequent disease transition (ARMS–NT group) were compared with 75 healthy volunteers.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, ARMS–L participants had grey matter volume losses in frontotemporolimbic structures. Participants in the ARMS–E group showed bilateral temporolimbic alterations and subtle prefrontal abnormalities. Participants in the ARMS–T group had prefrontal alterations relative to those in the ARMS–NT group and in the healthy controls that overlapped with the findings in the ARMS–L group.ConclusionsBrain alterations associated with the early at-risk mental state may relate to an elevated susceptibility to psychosis, whereas alterations underlying the late at-risk mental state may indicate a subsequent transition to psychosis.

scholarly journals Structural brain abnormalities in individuals with an at-risk mental state who later develop psychosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (S51) ◽  
pp. s69-s75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Borgwardt ◽  
Philip K. McGuire ◽  
Jacqueline Aston ◽  
Gregor Berger ◽  
Paola Dazzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Structural Brain ◽  
At Risk Mental State

BackgroundNeuroanatomical abnormalities are a well-established feature of schizophrenia. However, the timing of their emergence and the extent to which they are related to vulnerability to the disorder as opposed to psychotic illness itself is unclearAimsTo assess regional grey matter volume in the at-risk individuals who subsequently developed psychosisMethodMagnetic resonance imaging data from at-risk individuals who developed psychosis (n = 12) within the following 25 months were compared with data from healthy volunteers (n=22) and people with first-episode psychosis (n=25)ResultsCompared with healthy volunteers, individuals who subsequently developed psychosis had smaller grey matter volume in the posterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and paracentral lobule bilaterally and in the left superior parietal lobule, and greater grey matter volume in a left parietal/posterior temporal region. Compared with first-episode patients, they had relatively greater grey matter volume in the temporal gyrus bilaterally and smaller grey matter volume in the right lentiform nucleusConclusionsSome of the structural brain abnormalities in individuals with an at-risk mental state may be related to an increased vulnerability to psychosis, while others are associated with the development of a psychotic illness

scholarly journals Negative psychotic symptoms and impaired role functioning predict transition outcomes in the at-risk mental state: a latent class cluster analysis study

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2311-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Valmaggia ◽  
D. Stahl ◽  
A. R. Yung ◽  
B. Nelson ◽  
P. Fusar-Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Role Functioning ◽  
Latent Class Cluster Analysis ◽  
At Risk Mental State

BackgroundMany research groups have attempted to predict which individuals with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis will later develop a psychotic disorder. However, it is difficult to predict the course and outcome based on individual symptoms scores.MethodData from 318 ARMS individuals from two specialized services for ARMS subjects were analysed using latent class cluster analysis (LCCA). The score on the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) was used to explore the number, size and symptom profiles of latent classes.ResultsLCCA produced four high-risk classes, censored after 2 years of follow-up: class 1 (mild) had the lowest transition risk (4.9%). Subjects in this group had the lowest scores on all the CAARMS items, they were younger, more likely to be students and had the highest Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score. Subjects in class 2 (moderate) had a transition risk of 10.9%, scored moderately on all CAARMS items and were more likely to be in employment. Those in class 3 (moderate–severe) had a transition risk of 11.4% and scored moderately severe on the CAARMS. Subjects in class 4 (severe) had the highest transition risk (41.2%), they scored highest on the CAARMS, had the lowest GAF score and were more likely to be unemployed. Overall, class 4 was best distinguished from the other classes on the alogia, avolition/apathy, anhedonia, social isolation and impaired role functioning.ConclusionsThe different classes of symptoms were associated with significant differences in the risk of transition at 2 years of follow-up. Symptomatic clustering predicts prognosis better than individual symptoms.

scholarly journals Education modulates brain maintenance in presymptomatic frontotemporal dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1124-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Gazzina ◽  
Mario Grassi ◽  
Enrico Premi ◽  
Maura Cosseddu ◽  
Antonella Alberici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Reserve ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Maintenance ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveCognitively engaging lifestyles have been associated with reduced risk of conversion to dementia. Multiple mechanisms have been advocated, including increased brain volumes (ie, brain reserve) and reduced disease progression (ie, brain maintenance). In cross-sectional studies of presymptomatic frontotemporal dementia (FTD), higher education has been related to increased grey matter volume. Here, we examine the effect of education on grey matter loss over time.MethodsTwo-hundred twenty-nine subjects at-risk of carrying a pathogenic mutation leading to FTD underwent longitudinal cognitive assessment and T1-weighted MRI at baseline and at 1 year follow-up. The first principal component score of the graph-Laplacian Principal Component Analysis on 112 grey matter region-of-interest volumes was used to summarise the grey matter volume (GMV). The effects of education on cognitive performances and GMV at baseline and on the change between 1 year follow-up and baseline (slope) were tested by Structural Equation Modelling.ResultsHighly educated at-risk subjects had better cognition and higher grey matter volume at baseline; moreover, higher educational attainment was associated with slower loss of grey matter over time in mutation carriers.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study demonstrates that even in presence of ongoing pathological processes, education may facilitate both brain reserve and brain maintenance in the presymptomatic phase of genetic FTD.

Poster #52 GREY MATTER CORRELATES OF MISMATCH NEGATIVITY AMPLITUDES IN AT-RISK MENTAL STATE

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. S204
Author(s):  
Tim Ehlkes ◽  
Rebbekah Atkinson ◽  
Philip B. Ward ◽  
Geòrgie Paulik ◽  
Jackie Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
At Risk Mental State

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOTIC EPISODES ON GREY MATTER VOLUME CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonija Ružić Baršić ◽  
Gordana Rubeša ◽  
Diana Mance ◽  
Damir Miletić ◽  
Lea Gudelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe illness whose clinical course is characterized by various numbers of psychotic episodes (PE). The neurotoxic hypothesis (NH) of schizophrenia assumes that psychosis is biologically toxic. The aim of the study was to investigate whether schizophrenia patients (SP) with multiple PE have greater grey matter volume (GMV) reduction compared to SP with fewer PE.Subjects and methods: We enrolled 106 adult SP and 63 healthy controls. Demographic and clinical data were collected and statistically analysed for all included subjects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was acquired on a 1.5 T scanner. SP were grouped according to the number of PE into a group with up to 3 PE (SCHG-1) and with 4 or more PE (SCHG-2). SCHG-1 was further subdivided into two groups regarding to disease duration (DD). Voxel based morphometry (VBM) analyses were performed between SP groups as well as between SP groups and the healthy controls group (HCG).Results: No relevant GMV differences were detected between SP groups. Comparison between HCG and SCHG-1 showed only 3 regions with reduced GMV, while multiple regions with reduced GMV were detected when comparing HCG and SCHG-2. Conclusions: GMV reduction in schizophrenia varies depending on the number of PE when compared to HCG, regardless of disease duration (DD), but PE is not the only contributing factor that leads to neurotoxicity.

A role for putamen in phonological processing in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARIKA CHERODATH ◽  
CHAITRA RAO ◽  
RASHI MIDHA ◽  
SUMATHI T A ◽  
NANDINI C SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Early Literacy ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Phonological Skills ◽  
Nonword Reading ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Post Hoc

Bilingual children are required to successfully develop phonological skills in two languages, yet little is known about the neural correlates associated with them. We obtained structural imaging data from 30 Hindi–English children aged between 8 and 10 years and used voxel based morphometry to explore neuroanatomical correlates of behavioural measures of phonological awareness. Our results showed that phonological skills in English are predicted by grey matter volume of bilateral putamen, but solely by right putamen in Hindi. Post-hoc analysis revealed that English nonword reading correlates with grey matter volume in bilateral putamen while in Hindi nonword reading it correlates only with right putamen. These differences in putamen-based mechanisms indicate that syllable level awareness sufficiently supports early literacy in the transparent, alphasyllabic Hindi orthography whereas that in English requires both phonemic and syllabic level awareness. Our findings point towards a key role for putamen in mediating phonological and reading skills in children.

scholarly journals Virtual reality and paranoid ideations in people with an ‘at-risk mental state’ for psychosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (S51) ◽  
pp. s63-s68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia R. Valmaggia ◽  
Daniel Freeman ◽  
Catherine Green ◽  
Philippa Garety ◽  
David Swapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Hostile Intent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
At Risk Mental State

BackgroundVirtual reality provides a means of studying paranoid thinking in controlled laboratory conditions. However, this method has not been used with a clinical groupAimsTo establish the feasibility and safety of using virtual reality methodology in people with an at-risk mental state and to investigate the applicability of a cognitive model of paranoia to this groupMethodTwenty-one participants with an at-risk mental state were assessed before and after entering a virtual reality environment depicting the inside of an underground trainResultsVirtual reality did not raise levels of distress at the time of testing or cause adverse experiences over the subsequent week. Individuals attributed mental states to virtual reality characters including hostile intent. Persecutory ideation in virtual reality was predicted by higher levels of trait paranoia, anxiety, stress, immersion in virtual reality, perseveration and interpersonal sensitivityConclusionsVirtual reality is an acceptable experimental technique for use with individuals with at-risk mental states. Paranoia in virtual reality was understandable in terms of the cognitive model of persecutory delusions

scholarly journals Voxel-based morphometry in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
I. S. Bakulin ◽  
R. N. Konovalov ◽  
M. V. Krotenkova ◽  
N. A. Suponeva ◽  
M. N. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Objective:to investigate changes in grey matter volume in patients with classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and lower motor neuron syndrome (LMNS) with voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Material and methods. 30 patients with classical ALS, 22 patients with LMNS and 23 age and gender matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent a T1MPR (multiplanar reconstruction) magnetic resonance imaging with post-processing included spatial normalization, segmentation and smoothing. VBM was used to investigate changes in grey matter volume across the groups.Results. There was a significant decrease in grey matter volume of middle part of left pre- and postcentral gyri, middle part of right precentral gyrus, right and left occipital lobes in patients with classical ALS compared to healthy subjects. There was no difference in grey matter volume between patients with LMNS and healthy controls. Patients with classical ALS showed a significant decrease in grey matter volume of middle part of left preand postcentral gyri, upper part of left precentral gyrus, middle and upper parts of right precentral gyrus, right and left occipital lobes compared to patients with LMNS. There was no significant correlation between grey matter volume and clinical findings in patients with ALS and LMNS.Conclusion.VBM reveals a decrease in grey matter volume of motor and nonmotor brain regions in patients with classical ALS, but not in patients with LMNS.

scholarly journals Late chronotype is linked to greater cortical thickness in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Rafal Zareba ◽  
Magdalena Fafrowicz ◽  
Tadeusz Marek ◽  
Ewa Beldzik ◽  
Halszka Oginska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Anatomical Basis

Abstract Humans can be classified as early, intermediate and late chronotypes based on the preferred sleep and wakefulness patterns. The anatomical basis of these distinctions remains largely unexplored. Using magnetic resonance imaging data from 113 healthy young adults (71 females), we aimed to replicate cortical thickness and grey matter volume chronotype differences reported earlier in the literature using a greater sample size, as well as to explore the volumetric white matter variation linked to contrasting circadian phenotypes. Instead of comparing the chronotypes, we correlated the individual chronotype scores with their morphometric brain measures. The results revealed one cluster in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri showing increased cortical thickness with increasing preference for eveningness, potentially providing an anatomical substrate for chronotype-sensitive affective processing. No significant results were found for grey and white matter volume. We failed to replicate cortical thickness and volumetric grey matter distinctions in the brain regions reported in the literature. Furthermore, we found no association between white matter volume and chronotype. Thus, while this study confirms that circadian preference is associated with specific structural substrates, it adds to the growing concerns that reliable and replicable neuroimaging research requires datasets much larger than those commonly used.

scholarly journals Structural magnetic resonance imaging in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, psychotic and severe non-psychotic depression and healthy controls

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (S43) ◽  
pp. s58-s65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. R. Salokangas ◽  
T. Cannon ◽  
T. Van Erp ◽  
T. Ilonen ◽  
T. Taiminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundStructural brain abnormalities are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders.AimsTo study how regional brain volumes and their ratios differ between patients with schizophrenia, psychotic depression, severe non-psychotic depression and healthy controls.MethodMagnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain on first-episode patients and on healthy controls.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia had a smaller left frontal grey matter volume than the other three groups. Patients with psychotic depression had larger ventricular and posterior sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes than controls. Patients with depression had larger white matter volumes than the other patients.ConclusionsLeft frontal lobe, especially its grey matter volume, seems to be specifically reduced in first-episode schizophrenia. Enlarged cerebral ventricles and sulcal CSF volumes are prevalent in psychotic depression. Preserved or expanded white matter is typical of non-psychotic depression.

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