scholarly journals Improvement of the Procedure for Probabilistic Calibration of Radiocarbon Dates

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 824-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław F Pazdur ◽  
Danuta J Michczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Numeric Data ◽  
Ibm Pc

A set of computer procedures for probabilistic calibration of 14C dates was developed at the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory for the IBM PC compatible microcomputer. The program comprises three main options: 1) calibration of a single 14C date, 2) calibration of a set of arbitrary dates, 3) calibration of a set of related dates. Results of calibration are presented in the form of graphs and numeric data, including tables of selected quantiles and inter-quantile ranges of resulting probability distribution of cal age. In this paper, we present the aims of the program, with a short description of its structure, show examples of working with output data in terms of expected archaeological application, and consider the possibility of standardization of calibration procedures.

Population Fluctuation and the Adoption of Food Production in Prehistoric Korea: Using Radiocarbon Dates as a Proxy for Population Change

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1761-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongje Oh ◽  
Matthew Conte ◽  
Seungho Kang ◽  
Jangsuk Kim ◽  
Jaehoon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Transition To Agriculture

AbstractPopulation growth has been evoked both as a causal factor and consequence of the transition to agriculture. The use of radiocarbon (14C) dates as proxies for population allows for reevaluations of population as a variable in the transition to agriculture. In Korea, numerous rescue excavations during recent decades have offered a wealth of14C data for this application. A summed probability distribution (SPD) of14C dates is investigated to reconstruct population trends preceding and following adoptions of food production in prehistoric Korea. Important cultivars were introduced to Korea in two episodes: millets during the Chulmun Period (ca. 6000–1500 BCE) and rice during the Mumun Period (ca. 1500–300 BCE). The SPD suggests that while millet production had little impact on Chulmun populations, a prominent surge in population appears to have followed the introduction of rice. The case in prehistoric Korea demonstrates that the adoption of food production does not lead inevitably towards sustained population growth. Furthermore, the data suggest that the transition towards intensive agriculture need not occur under conditions of population pressure resulting from population growth. Rather, intensive rice farming in prehistoric Korea began during a period of population stagnation.

scholarly journals Modelling the Neolithic dispersal in northern Eurasia

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Dolukhanov ◽  
Anvar Shrukov
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
North West ◽  
East European ◽  
The North ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Comprehensieve lists of radiocarbon dates from key Early Neolithic sites in Central Europe belonging to the Linear pottery Ceramic Culture (LBK) and early pottery-bearing cultures in the East European Plain were analysed with the use of the x2 test. The dates from the LBK sites form a statistically homogeneous set, with a probability distribution similar to a single-date Gaussian curve. This implies the rate of expansion of the LBK in Central Europe being in excess of 4 km/yr. Early potter-bearing sites on the East European Plain exhibit a much broader probability distribution of dates, with a spatio-temporal trend directed from the south-east to the north-west. The rate of spread of pottery-making is in the order of 1 km/yr, i.e., comparable to the average expansion rate of the Neolithic in Western and Central Europe.

scholarly journals CalibETH: An Interactive Computer Program for the Calibration of Radiocarbon Dates

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Niklaus ◽  
Georges Bonani ◽  
Markus Simonius ◽  
Martin Suter ◽  
Willy Wölfli
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Interactive Computer Program ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Ibm Pc ◽  
Digital Research

A computer program for convenient calibration of radiocarbon dates has been developed. The program has a simple user interface, which includes pull-down menus, windows and mouse support. All important information, such as calibration curves, probability density function and results, in text form, are displayed on the screen and easily can be rearranged by the user. Two versions of CalibETH, one for an IBM-PC and one for the Macintosh, are available. CalibETH runs under the graphics interface, GEM, from Digital Research, on an IBM PC.

A review of the mid-Holocene elm decline in the British Isles

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Parker ◽  
A. S. Goudie ◽  
D. E. Anderson ◽  
M. A. Robinson ◽  
C. Bonsall
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Pollen Diagrams

Over the past 50 years the most enigmatic feature of pollen diagrams from northwest Europe has been the mid-Holocene ‘elm decline’, and there has been much speculation as to the origin(s) and cause(s) of this event. A total of 150 radiocarbon dates from 139 sites spanning the elm decline in Britain and Ireland have been collated and scrutinized. Statistical analyses on 138 dates show that the event has a mean date of 5036 14C yr BP with a standard deviation of ± 247. Calibration of the dates and combining the sum probabilities yielded a range spanning 6347-5281 cal yr BP (1s), covering 1066 years. The start of the elm decline event lies between 6343 and 6307 cal yr BP (1s), a period of 36 years, indicating that the onset was rapid. The end of the event lies between 5290 and 5420 cal yr BP (1s), a period of 130 years. The probability distribution indicates that the elm decline was a uniform phased event across the British Isles. It appears that the elm decline can be explained to a large extent by the outbreak of disease. However, recent research on palaeoclimatic change and the nature of the transition from the Mesolithic to Neolithic in the British Isles suggests that both climatic change and human activities were implicated. It was probably the interplay between these factors, rather than any in isolation, that catalyzed the widespread, catastrophic decline of elm populations during the mid-Holocene.

scholarly journals A Computer-Based Database for Radiocarbon Dates of Central Andean Archaeology

Radiocarbon ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Michczyński ◽  
Andrzej Krzanowski ◽  
Mieczysław F. Pazdur ◽  
Mariusz S. Ziołkowski
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Andean Archaeology ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Andes Region ◽  
Ibm Pc

We established a database of 14C dates from archaeological sites of the Central Andes region of Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia on an IBM PC-compatible microcomputer running on an MS-DOS operating system using software package dBASE IV, version 1.1. Relevant data are stored in three DBF-type database files. The file ANDY.DBF contains information on dates and samples; REFERENC.DBF contains references to relevant publications and CALAND.DBF contains calibrated dates. The total number of records of the ANDY database slightly exceeds 2650.

Digital differential hysteresis iimage processing displays what the microscope acquires but the eye can't see

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Visual System ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Contrast Resolution ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Data Reading ◽  
Hysteresis Properties

Differential hysteresis processing is a new image processing technology that provides a tool for the display of image data information at any level of differential contrast resolution. This includes the maximum contrast resolution of the acquisition system which may be 1,000-times higher than that of the visual system (16 bit versus 6 bit). All microscopes acquire high precision contrasts at a level of <0.01-25% of the acquisition range in 16-bit - 8-bit data, but these contrasts are mostly invisible or only partially visible even in conventionally enhanced images. The processing principle of the differential hysteresis tool is based on hysteresis properties of intensity variations within an image.Differential hysteresis image processing moves a cursor of selected intensity range (hysteresis range) along lines through the image data reading each successive pixel intensity. The midpoint of the cursor provides the output data. If the intensity value of the following pixel falls outside of the actual cursor endpoint values, then the cursor follows the data either with its top or with its bottom, but if the pixels' intensity value falls within the cursor range, then the cursor maintains its intensity value.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

IBM-PC in the Laboratory

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Thompson ◽  
A. F. Kuckes
Keyword(s):  
Ibm Pc

Texture Discrimination Research Using an IBM PC

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Geri ◽  
Christopher D. Voltz
Keyword(s):  
Texture Discrimination ◽  
Ibm Pc
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