scholarly journals I. The Metre of the Brhaddevata

1906 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of

It is perhaps difficult to exaggerate the importance from the point of view of the literary history of India of the Bṛhaddevatā attributed to Śaunaka. That this has not hitherto received full recognition is due in part to the fact that it has been held, for example even by Dr. E. Sieg, that the Bṛhaddevatā is later in date than the Mahābhārata. This is, however, certainly not the case, as Professor A. A. Macdonell has shown conclusively in his edition of the former work. About 300 ślokas of the work are devoted to legends, and this must, it seems, be regarded as a conclusive proof that at the date of its composition there existed in Sanskrit an ākhyāna or itihāsa literature. Now the date of the Bṛhaddevatā is fixed by Professor Macdonell, on grounds which appear to me unassailable, at about 400 b.c., perhaps earlier. It follows, therefore, that a Sanskrit itihāsa literature can be proved to have existed in the fifth century b.c.

scholarly journals Leonid Dolgopolov’s Unpublished PhD Thesis on Alexander Blok’s Narrative Poems ‘Retribution’ and ‘The Twelve’

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Vassili E. Molodiakov
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Literary Achievement ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Russian Symbolism ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Narrative Poems ◽  
Phd Thesis

Russian Modernism scholar Leonid Konstantinovich Dolgolopov (1928 –1995), known for his studies on Alexander Blok and Andrei Bely, completed his PhD thesis on Blok’s narrative poems “Retribution” and “The Twelve” in 1960, received his degree in 1962, but never published the text (now in the author’s possession). Its major parts were published as papers, its principal propositions and conclusions were developed in Dolgopolov’s later research works, but the thesis was never printed as a whole, and, from the author’s point of view, is worth being published as a valuable source for history of literary studies on Russian Symbolism as well as an original work useful and readable even now. The article presents Dolgopolov’s unpublished PhD thesis. Chapter One deals with “Retribution” and presents a comprehensive study of the poem’s plan, plot, and literary history, its genre peculiarities and historical scenes. Chapter Two analyzes evolution of Blok’s political views during the First World War and the Russian Revolution of 1917 and also its reflection in Blok’s lyric poems of this period. Chapter Three is the first of Dolgopolov’s numerous studies on “The Twelve”, the work he considered to be Blok’s highest literary achievement. Dolgopolov analyzed the poem’s ideas and images (especially Jesus Christ), its formal and rythmic novelty, its place among other contempopary poetical works on Russian revolution.

The Patriarchate of Alexandria: A Study in National Christianity

1946 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Church History ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Point ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
External Interference ◽  
Hellenistic World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
History Of

The history of the patriarchates in the conciliar period of church history offers interesting parallels to that of the kingdoms and republics which had occupied the same territory in Hellenistic days. Like the Seleucid Empire, Antioch began with a leading position, which it gradually lost by secessions and internal divisions. The Patriarchate of Jerusalem revolted from Antioch in the fifth century A.D. as the Jews had under the Maccabees seven centuries before, although for less serious reasons. As the Hellenistic rulers of Asia Minor and Greece gradually lost out to Macedon and Rome, so the ecclesiastical jurisdictions of the same area were ultimately absorbed in the Patriarchates of Rome and Constantinople. But the closest parallel of all is in Egypt. As the Ptolemies built their power on a closely knit and almost impregnable kingdom, from which they ventured forth to take their part in the high politics of the Hellenistic world, so the patriarchs of Alexandria, backed by the united support of the Egyptian Church, took a leading part in the affairs of the great church for two centuries. After generations of splendor, the ecclesiastical, like the civil dynasty, was subject to internal divisions and harassed by external interference, and ended its career in war and catastrophe. The major aspects of this story are a familiar topic in church history, but it may repay another survey from the special point of view of the relation of church and state in Egypt.

scholarly journals “The literary debuts of the Romanian 80’s generation”

Sæculum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Vlad Alui Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Allen Ginsberg ◽  
Central European ◽  
The North ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Nicolae Ceausescu

AbstractIndividual identity crisis became an obsessive theme of the Central-European literature, lived intensively in this space. From this point of view, the generations and literary promotions of the 1960 and 1970’s Romania benefited from a specific openness due to a complex of social, political and historical factors. The 80s generation appeared in a full process of strengthening the ideological vigilance after the famous July Theses introduced by Nicolae Ceausescu following the North Korean model. Although there were the same rules and the same barriers for beginners of the era, the issue was treated and felt differently. While some suffer from the delay of the debut, others are patient because they trust their chance, others give up. Even if the overall context was an oppressive one and the institution of censorship was the one that controlled the literature during the communist period, authors managed to adapt and write no matter what, they found accepted ways that did not alter their message and they published under conditions that today we can hardly call without doubt honourable. The published authors had visibility and were united around some literary circles, forming what Allen Ginsberg called in The Best Minds of My Generation: A Literary History of the Beats, «circles of liberation.»

scholarly journals Grundtvigs forfatterskab i dansk litteraturhistorieskrivning

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-63
Author(s):  
Per Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Long Poem ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Biographical Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
The 19Th Century

Grundtvigs forfatterskab i dansk litteraturhistorieskrivning[Grundtvig’s works in Danish historiography]By Per DahlThe essay discusses the most important Danish literary histories written between 1881 and 2008 and their representation of the writings of N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783-1872). In 1881 Frederik Winkel Horn wrote the first updated history of Danish literature including the 19th century. The extensive chapter on Grundtvig deals with his conception of Nordic and Christian education and culture. From an aesthetic point of view, says Horn, Grundtvig’s poetry does not meet academic criteria. Nevertheless his best poems and prose writings are profoundly thrilling by virtue of strength of mind and poignancy. Five years later an evaluation by Peter Hansen was more reserved, but he appreciated Grundtvig’s hymns. Vilhelm Andersen’s chapter on Grundtvig in Illustreret Dansk Litteraturhistorie (1924) is evaluated as the most complex study in Grundtvig and his collected writings. This lengthy chapter (of some 75 pages) expresses an exclusively literary point of view.The structural unity of Grundtvig’s works, says Andersen, is based on the basic dichotomy between life and death and Grundtvig’s inner experience, resulting in a decisive turning point where he sees life bom out of darkness.To Andersen the most important texts are the long poem Nyaars-Morgen (The Morning of New Year’s Day) and the hymn De Levendes Land (The Land o f the Living), both written in 1824 - a climax and a turning point in Grundtvig’s poetry. Up to 1824 Andersen’s biographical approach and view of the phases and motives for Grundtvig’s writings are in accordance with his inner development. The period after 1824 is evaluated as a phase of realization of his ideas. Andersen’s exposition in Illustreret Dansk Litteraturhistorie inaugurated a process of canonization of the above-mentioned texts. In 1958 F. J. Billeskov Jansen (Danmarks Digtekunst) stiffened the literary demands in keeping with his comparative point of view. Martin Zerlang’s chapter on Grundtvig in Dansk litteraturhistorie (vol. 5, 1984) as well as Johnny Kondrup’s chapter in Hovedsporet. Dansk litteraturs historie (2005) and Sune Auken’s in Dansk litteraturs historie (vol. 2, 2008) confirm the canonical status of Nyaars-Morgen. Finally the essay discusses problems concerning canonization and representation of works when writing literary history.

Lost and Found: Athanasius' Doctrine of Predestination

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-450
Author(s):  
F. Stuart Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Traditional Account ◽  
Logical Point ◽  
Lost And Found ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

The traditional account of the history of the doctrine of predestination runs somewhat as follows: After the close of the apostolic era, Christians took little interest in the doctrine for the next three centuries. It was again brought into prominence during the early fifth century by Augustine, who was led, partly in reaction to Pelagianism, to formulate the doctrine in an extreme form. This produced a further reaction from a group of theologians led by Cassian, who regarded themselves as orthodox and as opponents of Pelagius, but who rejected the extreme Augustinian doctrine. It is generally considered that from a strictly logical point of view, there is more to be said for Augustine's doctrine, but that as he stated it it was found repugnant by many Christians. So Cassian and his followers are owed a certain debt for preventing the church from being saddled with the logical excesses of the greatest of the Latin fathers.1 All later statements, however, cannot but be Augustinian, Cassianite, or mediating positions between the two.

Regard comparatif sur les enquêtes dialectales roumaines : des Questionnaires du Musée de la Langue Roumaine à l’ALR I et à l’ALRR – Transylvanie

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Material Life ◽  
Source Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Romanian Academy ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Comparative Examination

"Comparative Examination of the Romanian Dialectal Inquiries: from the Questionnaires of the Romanian Language Museum to ALR I and ALRR ‒ Transylvania. Our work approaches, from a comparative point of view, the answers collected as a result of the correspondence linguistic inquiries for Chestionarul II. Casa (Questionnaire II. The Household) elaborated by the Romanian Language Museum in 1926 and the answers referring to the household in the direct inquiries for ALR I and ALRR‒Transylvania. The source data are represented by the material archived at “Sextil Pușcariu” Institute of Linguistics and Literary History of the Romanian Academy ‒ the answers for Questionnaire II. The Household, the unpublished material of ALR I, and the material published in volume III of the Romanian Regional Linguistic Atlas – Transylvania (ALRR‒Transylvania). We selected the material from five localities in Transylvania, common in the three surveys. Analysing the answers for questions onomasiologically documented, first of all, and sometimes semasiologically, we concluded that the answers mostly coincide in the three surveys, the differences being given by the extralinguistic reality. Actually, the temporal distance between the inquiries was not too large and the extralinguistic reality, consequently the area of material life in question, did not suffer major mutations during the investigated period of time. Thus, the study confirms the fact that the linguistic atlases represent genuine language documents, which registered not only the diatopic variation of Romanian language, but also the expressive competence of the speaker as the bearer of a social-historical tradition.

scholarly journals XXVII.—On the Literary History of Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Britons, and of the Romantic Cycle of King Arthur. By Thomas Wright, M.A., F.S.A., &c.

Archaeologia ◽  
1846 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-349
Author(s):  
Thomas Wright
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
King Arthur ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Province

The history of Britain, during the latter years of its existence as a Roman province, is that of a series of rebellious usurpations in opposition or rivalry to the wearer of the imperial purple at Rome; and the manner in which these usurpations were carried on proves not only how the Romano-British population of this island had become essentially Roman in its character, but that the imperial power was fast drawing towards an end. About the middle of the fifth century, as the communications with Rome were cut off by the inroads and conquests of the barbarians in the other provinces, another race, of whom we are in the habit of speaking collectively as the Saxons, who had certainly been settled on the eastern coasts of Britain for years, and who had joined in supporting the Romano-British usurpers, began to contend for mastery in the island. In the dim cloud that envelopes the subsequent history, we can just trace the faint outlines of civil contention, until in the course of the latter half of the fifth century the different tribes of Germanic invaders had established their power over the greater part of what is now called England.

Perspectives of Reforming the System of Interbudget Relations in Russia (in the Light of the International Experience)

2006 ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of

The attempts to reconstruct the instruments of interbudget relations take place in all federations. In Russia such attempts are especially popular due to the short history of intergovernmental relations. Thus the review of the ¬international experience of managing interbudget relations to provide economic and social welfare can be useful for present-day Russia. The author develops models of intergovernmental relations from the point of view of making decisions about budget authorities’ distribution. The models that can be better applied in the Russian case are demonstrated.

Migration and Modernities

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Geographic Boundaries ◽  
The Us ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Migration and Modernities recovers a comparative literary history of migration by bringing together scholars from the US and Europe to explore the connections between migrant experiences and the uneven emergence of modernity. The collection initiates transnational, transcultural and interdisciplinary conversations about migration in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, demonstrating how mobility unsettles the geographic boundaries, temporal periodization, and racial categories we often use to organize literary and historical study. Migrants are by definition liminal, and many have existed historically in the spaces between nations, regions or ethnicities. In exploring these spaces, Migration and Modernities also investigates the origins of current debates about belonging, rights, and citizenship. Its chapters traverse the globe, revealing the experiences — real or imagined — of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century migrants, from dispossessed Native Americans to soldiers in South America, Turkish refugees to Scottish settlers. They explore the aesthetic and rhetorical frameworks used to represent migrant experiences during a time when imperial expansion and technological developments made the fortunes of some migrants and made exiles out of others. These frameworks continue to influence the narratives we tell ourselves about migration today and were crucial in producing a distinctively modern subjectivity in which mobility and rootlessness have become normative.

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