An Interpretation of the Babylonian Exile: A Study of 2 Kings 20, Isaiah 38–39

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Ackroyd
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Glass Quality ◽  
Identical Material ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Babylonian Exile

There is a certain ‘Looking glass’ quality to the title of this study—by which I mean that Lewis Carroll's White Knight, whose analysis of the relationship between names and titles is the classic one, might well have insisted that this is only what it is called, whereas in fact it is about an interpretation (namely my own) of an interpretation (namely that of the writer of 2 Kings 20 and that of the writer of the parallel but not quite identical material of Isa. 38-39), which is there offered not apparently of the Babylonian Exile but of certain incidents of importance in the reign of king Hezekiah of Judah around the end of the eighth century b.c. The introduction of the Babylonian Exile into this is not my own, since it is already inherent in one moment in the two narratives; but the understanding of the section in terms of interpretation of the Exile is something which needs to be discussed. It is here that I believe we may see the distinctive character of the narratives in their present forms.

A Just Weight and Measure: Embodied Economics and the Relationship between Worship and Economic Transaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 095394682110450
Author(s):  
Joshua Abrego
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Christian Ethics ◽  
Western Society ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Economic Transaction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Judicial Systems

The concept of a ‘just weight and measure’ within the Bible is one that has insightful value for Christian ethics and economic transactions. Considering that in many situations law and judicial systems within Western society are not capable of completely constraining unethical economic transactions, what society requires are alternative motivations to enact ethical economic transactions. This article is focused on proposing a possible motivation for Christians considering the ever-growing complexities within the marketplace. It draws on insights on the concept of a ‘just weight and measure’ in Deuteronomy and its conceptual use within the books of the eighth-century prophets. A primary insight that is highlighted is the relationship between the unethical economic transactions in eighth-century Israel and God's rejection of their cultic services. When applied analogically to contemporary contexts, lessons can be gleaned from the concept of a ‘just weight and measure’ for Christian ethical economic transactions.

Are Puns Mere? Christine Brooke-Rose's Amalgamemnon

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-545
Author(s):  
Julia Jordan
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Late Modernism ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Jacques Ranciere ◽  
Jacques Rancière ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Secret Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

This article will explore the relationship between linguistic puns and knowledge, in particular puns in Christine Brooke-Rose's work, and what they tell us about knowledge: secret knowledge; encoded knowledge; latent knowledge that remains latent; and the refusal of knowledge. My title is an allusion to Frank Kermode's 1967 essay ‘Objects, Jokes, and Art’, where he puzzles away at his own difficulty with distinguishing avant garde writing and art, especially what he calls the ‘neo-avant garde’ of the 60s, from jokes. ‘I myself believe’, he writes anxiously, ‘that there is a difference between art and a joke’, admitting that ‘it has sometimes been difficult to tell.’ Brooke-Rose, whose work Kermode admired, is a perfect example of this. Her texts revolve around the pun, the surprise juxtaposition between semantic poles, the unexpected yoking together of disparate elements. Puns, for Brooke-Rose, sit at the juncture between the accidental and the overdetermined. So what is funny about the pun? Not much, I propose, or rather, it provokes a particular sort of ambivalent laughter which becomes folded into the distinctive character and affective potency of late modernism itself: its deadpan silliness; its proclivity to collision and violence; its excitability and its melancholy. Brooke-Rose's humour is thus of the difficult sort, that is, humour that reveals itself at the moment of its operation to be not all that funny. The unsettling laughter, I propose, that exposes literature's own incommensurability with itself. For Jacques Rancière, the novel must illuminate somehow the ‘punctuation of the encounter with the inconceivable’, in the face of which all is reduced to passivity. The pun, in particular, forces the readers’ passivity, and exposes us to limits of what can be known.

Devotion as Rasa

2019 ◽  
pp. 231-264
Author(s):  
Hamsa Stainton
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
Important Center ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Relationship

In addition to being an important center for religious innovation and literary production, Kashmir was also the site of major developments in aesthetics from the end of the eighth century onward. After reviewing this history, this chapter considers how Kashmirian poets adopted and adapted language and ideas from aesthetics—particularly the language of rasa—in unusual and creative ways. It focuses on the idea of bhaktirasa, the “taste” or experience of devotion. Notably, many Kashmirian explorations of bhaktirasa occurred long before Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava authors would make bhaktirasa well known in South Asia. This chapter argues that the Śaiva hymns of Kashmir represent earlier reflections on the aesthetic dimensions of devotion that can contribute to our understanding of the relationship between aesthetics and religion in South Asia.

Through the Looking Glass: No Wonderland Yet! (The Reciprocal Relationship between Methodology and Models of Reality)

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhoda Kesler Unger
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Knowledge Perspective ◽  
Question Selection ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Looking Glass

This article discusses the relationship between conceptual frameworks and methodology in psychology. It is argued that our models of reality influence our research in terms of question selection, causal factors hypothesized, and interpretation of data. The position and role of women as objects and agents of research are considered in terms of a sociology of knowledge perspective. Suggestions are offered for a more reflexive psychology.

Town and Monastery in the Carolingian Period

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Rosamond McKitterick
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Region ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
Monastic Communities ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town

Although there were both urban and rural monastic communities in the Frankish kingdoms in the Carolingian period, far more is known about the landed monasteries in the countryside regarding both their internal organisation and the relationship between them and the rural community in which they lived and over which they were the lords. The statutes of Adalhard of Corbie for example provide information concerning the monastery both within the monastic community and on its estates, and show us the abbey as the centre of an agricultural region. The monasteries in the towns on the other hand are much less well-documented and the evidence for Carolingian towns themselves is both sparse and difficult to interpret. If a town is understood to be ‘a concentration of population larger than the neighbouring agricultural settlements in which there is a substantial non-agricultural population which may be concerned with defence, administration, religion, commerce or industry’, there are not very many Carolingian centres for which enough evidence survives to justify their being called towns. Valenciennes for example, described recently as une ville carolingienne, is mentioned in the sources occasionally as a portus and seems to have succeeded Farrars in importance in the region sometime in the eighth century. In the time of Charles the Bald it had a mint, and Charlemagne, Charles the Bald, Lothar I and Lothar II are all known to have issued charters from a royal palatium at Valenciennes. There were several churches and the abbey of St Salvius in the settlement, and it is likely that some trading activity went on. But other than that Valenciennes was a settlement which carried on some sort of economic activity, very little is known. The abbey of St Amand, a rural monastery nine miles from Valenciennes, achieved a far more influential and important position in the kingdom than the town of Valenciennes ever did.

The study of Latin grammar in eighth-century Southumbria

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 43-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Law
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grammatical Tradition ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Insular Latinity – its origins, characteristics, affiliations and dissemination – has attracted much attention in the last decade. One area which has benefited from this increased interest is the investigation of the Latin grammars written by Insular scholars: consider, for example, the editions of Insular grammatical writings recently published in the Corpus Christianorum Series Latina. But it is noteworthy that the Anglo-Latin grammarians have profited far less from this upsurge in interest than their Irish counterparts. Although Anglo-Latin as well as Hiberno-Latin texts have been among those recently edited, and have been the subject of several specialized studies, they have failed to excite scholarly attention to the same extent as the Irish works. Their origin, history, relationship and cultural context have not yet been satisfactorily established. Studies such as the series of articles by Louis Holtz, tracing the evolution of the study of grammar in Ireland and the relationship of the surviving texts to one another, are lacking for the Anglo-Latin grammarians. Yet the unknown factors in early England are scarcely fewer. To take one example, the fundamental problem of the rôle of the Irish in the creation of an Anglo-Latin grammatical tradition has hardly been touched upon. Indeed, that the Anglo-Saxons can even be credited with a grammatical tradition of their own has been questioned. Too often, the few surviving Anglo-Latin grammars are held up as an isolated phenomenon and contrasted with the prolific outpourings of a diligent host of Irishanonymi. It is the purpose of this article to investigate the evidence for the study of Latin grammar in England south of the Humber up to the time of its best-known manifestations, the grammars of Tatwine and Boniface, in the early eighth century.

Effects of Angle of Model-Demonstration on Learning of Motor Skill

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadao Ishikura ◽  
Kimihiro Inomata
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Objective Condition ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Subjective Condition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Looking Glass

The purpose was to examine the effects of three different demonstrations by a model on acquisition and retention of a sequential gross movement task. The second purpose was to examine the relationship between reversal processing of visual information about skills and coding of skill information. Thirty undergraduates (15 men and 15 women) were assigned into one of three conditions, Objective condition which demonstrated the task with the model facing the subject, Looking-glass condition in which the skill was demonstrated with the model facing the subject who viewed the performance opposite the right and left directions in executing the task, and the Subjective condition in which the subject observed the model from the rear. Number of immediate recall tests required to accomplish the sequential movements completely and the sum of the performance points for reproduced movements at each delayed recall test (1 day, 7 days, and 5 mo. after the immediate recall test) were employed. Analysis indicated the Subjective condition produced a significantly greater modeling effect in immediate recall of the movements than the Looking-glass condition. Retention of the acquired skills was almost equal under the three conditions.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Selfies, Adolescents and Archetypes: The Psychology of Taking Selfies and their Consequences on the Adolescent Self-Conscious

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 260-271
Author(s):  
Petro van der Merwe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Current Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Collection Methods

This study explores the attitudes of adolescents in South Africa towards selfie-taking as well as the effects that the selfie has on the consciousness of their shadow. The aim is to contribute to understanding the current impact of this phenomenon on adolescents. Social media, through the use of selfies, can encourage self-promotion and create an obsession with one’s physical appearance. Adolescents mostly shape their self-concepts based on their understanding of how others view them. The informants comprised 58 learners from three secondary schools in Tshwane (Gauteng). The data collection methods used were semistructured interviews and observation methods. This research study resonates with the looking-glass-self perspective, which highlights the importance of the evaluation of others to the development of the self-conscious. Technology constantly evolves and grows, a theoretical implication of which is the need to continue exploring selfies as a means for the search of identity. Regardless, in raising the question of what selfies, adolescents, and archetypes have in common, this article succeeds in bringing together this rather recent concept, the area of scientific enquiry related to selfies, and a psychological construct coined by the founder of analytical psychology, Jung, that is so well established in the sciences and steeped in thoughts of wisdom that it has stood the test of time. In doing so, the article taps into not only developmental psychology but also social psychology and sociology, the study of human social relationships.

The Iconography of Early Anglo-Saxon Coinage

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

This is the first scholarly art-historical appraisal of Anglo-Saxon coinage, from its inception in the late sixth century to Offa's second reform of the penny c.792. Outside numismatic circles, this material has largely been ignored because of its complexity, yet artistically this is the most vibrant period of English coinage, with die-cutters showing flair and innovation and employing hundreds of different designs in their work. By analysing the iconography of the early coinage, this book intends to introduce its rich legacy to a wide audience. Anna Gannon divides the designs of the coins into four main categories: busts (including attributes and drapery), human figures, animals and geometrical patterns, presenting prototypes, sources of the repertoire and parallels with contemporary visual arts for each motif. The comparisons demonstrate the central role of coins in the eclectic visual culture of the time, with the advantages of official sanctioning and wide circulation to support and diffuse new ideas and images. The sources of the motifs clarify the relationship between the many designs of the complex Secondary phase (c.710-50). Contemporary literature and theological writings often offer the key to the interpretation of motifs, hinting at a universal preoccupation with religious themes. The richness of designs and display of learning point to a sophisticated patronage with access to exotic prototypes, excellent craftsmanship and wealth; it is likely that minsters, as rich, learned, and well-organized institutions, were behind some of the coinage. After the economic crises of the mid-eighth century this flamboyant iconography was swept away: with the notable exeption of the coins of Offa, still displaying exciting designs of high quality and inventiveness, reformed issues bore royal names and titles, and strove towards uniformity.

Economic Aspects of Athletic Competition in the Archaic and Classical Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 510-520
Author(s):  
Lucia D'Amore
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Greek Life ◽  
Athenian Democracy ◽  
Athletic Competition ◽  
The Relationship

An economic study of the Panhellenic contests in the archaic and classical periods requires an analysis of the relationship between economics, politics, and society of the Greek cities from a diachronic perspective. The competitive spirit formed an integral part of Greek life and culture and reflected the different social classes across various ages. The Homeric athletic contest is reserved for heroes and the aristocracy. In the eighth century the agōn is still dominated by a warrior aristocracy and landed classes, although members of the lower class were not restricted from participation. Subsequently with the birth of the polis, and through the development of crafts and trade, there emerged new social classes that undermined the archaic aristocratic values and introduced wealth based on coinage. The establishment of cash prizes offered to Panhellenic victors corresponded to the new conception of the timocratic polis. In the fifth century the emergence of Athenian democracy offered new possibilities to citizens with the opening of gymnasia and the establishment of liturgies.

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