Dormancy Changes and Fate of Some Annual Weed Seeds in the Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum

Seeds of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.), ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifidaL.), yellow foxtail[Setaria lutescens(Weigel) Hubb.], and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) were buried in the soil at depths down to 15.2 cm in November 1966. Seeds of jimsonweed, ivyleaf morningglory, giant ragweed, yellow foxtail, velvetleaf, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicumL.) were buried 2.5 and 10.2 cm below the surface in October 1968. Seeds were exhumed for periodic laboratory analyses of dormancy changes. All species except ivyleaf morningglory and common cocklebur germinated better in light than in darkness after at least one winter of burial in the soil. Seeds decayed faster at 2.5 cm below the soil surface than at 10.2 cm, but some viable seeds of all species were recovered from both depths after 3 years. The development or maintenance of hard seeds was considered the principle mechanism for seed survival for 3 years in these species.

Periodicity of Germination and Emergence of Some Annual Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
Annual Weeds

Seeds of yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens(Weigel) Hubb.], ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), and giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifidaL.) were buried in the soil November 20 and 21, 1966 at Urbana, Illinois for noting emergence of seedlings from April 1 through August 18, 1967. Similarly, seeds of yellow foxtail, ivyleaf morningglory, jimsonweed, velvetleaf, giant ragweed, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicumL.) were buried on October 25, 1968 for emergence observations from April 1 to August 18, 1969. Pennsylvania smartweed, giant ragweed, and common ragweed had large flushes of germination from early April through early May, with no emergence after June 1. Velvetleaf displayed similar early flushes and had additional small flushes of emergence in late May or June. Yellow foxtail seedlings also emerged in April and May in 1969 and in May and June during both years. Common cocklebur seedlings emerged abundantly in April and May but less abundantly in June. Ivyleaf morningglory and jimsonweed displayed flushes of emergence sporadically after May 1. Flushes of emergence for all species which occurred after May 1 were preceded by sufficient rainfall to bring the surface 10 cm of soil to field capacity. Cumulative heat units in the soil above 10 C were not correlated with initiation of emergence for any species. The early emergence was attributed to stimuli from general soil warming while emergence after May 1 was stimulated by favorable soil moisture from rainfall.

scholarly journals The influence of Ambrosia trifida on vegetative production of A. artemisiifolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Savic ◽  
Ana Mileusnic ◽  
Danijela Pavlovic ◽  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
The Social ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Density Ratios ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) and A. trifida (giant ragweed) are very important weed species that are invasive in Serbia and are often found in agricultural regions. When these weeds are present at high densities, crop yields can be significantly reduced or even completely destroyed. Unlike A. artemisiifolia, A. trifida is locally present in the Central Backa region (Vojvodina province), and it is expected that its area of distribution will expand in the future. Starting from the assumption that future distribution of A. trifida could take on larger proportions than now, the aim of this study was focused on examining the interaction between these two species. Experiments were conducted using the replacement design model, in which Ambrosia trifida/Ambrosia artemisiifolia per m2, were planted as density ratios of 10/0; 8/2; 4/6; 6/4; 2/8, and 0/10, in a completely randomized block system with four replications. The vegetative parameters (height and dry mass) of A. artemisiifolia were measured in July, August and September over a period of two years (2016 and 2017), and the results were statistically analysed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 23). In July 2016, the average height of A. artemisiifolia was in the range between 35.00 and 50.40 cm, in August it was from 68.00 to 95.50 cm, and between 83.75 and 99.80 cm in September. In the following season (2017), the corresponding values ranged from 56.19 to 78.50 (July), 98.38 to 125.50 cm (August) and 111.19 to 148.50 (September). An increase in the number of A. artemisiifolia plants and decrease in A. trifida counts per m2 caused an increase in the dry mass of A. artemisiifolia per plant. The dry mass of A. artemisiifolia ranged from 4.22 to 6.11 g/plant (July), 8.96 to 10.27 g/plant (August) and 7.04 to 19.53 g/plant (September). In the following season, these values ranged from 9.62 to 14.60 g/plant, 14.37 to 28.90 g/plant, and 23.43 to 40.47 g/plant in July, August and September, respectively. Minimum values of vegetative parameters were recorded in the treatment with 2 plants, and maximum in the treatment with 10 A. artemisiifolia plants/m2. This means that interspecific competition is more pronounced in this ragweed species than intraspecific competition.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Imazethapyr in Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Ballard ◽  
Michael E. Foley ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Phloem Mobility ◽  
Lower Plant

Common and giant ragweed are important weeds of soybeans in Indiana. These two weeds respond differently to imazethapyr POST treatments with common ragweed demonstrating more tolerance than giant ragweed. Both plants show initial susceptibility to imazethapyr, but common ragweed can regrow 10 to 14 days following herbicide application. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the factors that contribute to the differential control of common and giant ragweed with imazethapyr. Differential absorption was observed at 72 h, with common ragweed absorbing 52% of the applied14C-imazethapyr and giant ragweed absorbing 39%. The absorption of radioactivity was the same for both species by 672 h. Imazethapyr exhibited both xylem and phloem mobility by translocating both acropetally and basipetally from a treated leaf in giant and common ragweed. A higher percentage of the absorbed radioactivity accumulated in the lower foliage and roots of giant ragweed than common ragweed by 336 h. The rate of imazethapyr metabolism in common ragweed was greater than in giant ragweed. At 336 h, 81 and 68% of the identified radioactivity in the treated leaf was imazethapyr metabolites in common and giant ragweed, respectively. A higher level of the inactive glucose conjugate metabolite was found in the lower plant and root tissues of common ragweed than in giant ragweed. The differential control of common and giant ragweed with foliar applications of imazethapyr was attributed to differences in both translocation and metabolism.

Influence of Incorporation Depth on Chloramben Activity

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane N. Sommerville ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Better Than

Rates of 0, 1.7, and 3.4 kg/ha of 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (chloramben) were incorporated to 0, 3.8, and 7.6-cm depths in 0.7 by 0.7-m microplots under low, moderate, and high rainfall conditions. Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr., var. Amsoy] injury increased with increasing depth of incorporation of 3.4 kg/ha chloramben. Chloramben incorporation under low rainfall conditions significantly improved control of giant foxtail (Setaria faberiiHerrm.), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) compared to surface treatments. Jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.) was not controlled well by chloramben regardless of rate or incorporation depth. In larger field plots over a 3-year period, 3.4 kg/ha chloramben incorporated with a disc produced slight but insignificant soybean injury. Giant foxtail, smooth pigweed, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and velvetleaf control with incorporated chloramben was equal to or better than the control obtained with surface-applied chloramben. Regardless of method of application, control of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed, and annual morningglory (Ipomoeaspp.) was poor.

Temperature Influences Efficacy, Absorption, and Translocation of 2,4-D or Glyphosate in Glyphosate-Resistant and Glyphosate-Susceptible Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahoor A. Ganie ◽  
Mithila Jugulam ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Two Temperatures

Glyphosate and 2,4-D have been commonly used for control of common and giant ragweed before planting of corn and soybean in the midwestern United States. Because these herbicides are primarily applied in early spring, environmental factors such as temperature may influence their efficacy. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the influence of temperature on the efficacy of 2,4-D or glyphosate for common and giant ragweed control and the level of glyphosate resistance and (2) determine the underlying physiological mechanisms (absorption and translocation). Glyphosate-susceptible (GS) and glyphosate-resistant (GR) common and giant ragweed biotypes from Nebraska were used for glyphosate dose–response studies, and GR biotypes were used for 2,4-D dose–response studies conducted at two temperatures (day/night [d/n]; low temperature [LT]: 20/11 C d/n; high temperature [HT]: 29/17 C d/n). Results indicate improved efficacy of 2,4-D or glyphosate at HT compared with LT for common and giant ragweed control regardless of susceptibility or resistance to glyphosate. The level of glyphosate resistance decreased in both the species at HT compared with LT, primarily due to more translocation at HT. More translocation of 2,4-D in GR common and giant ragweed at HT compared with LT at 96 h after treatment could be the reason for improved efficacy. Similarly, higher translocation in common ragweed and increased absorption and translocation in giant ragweed resulted in greater efficacy of glyphosate at HT compared with LT. It is concluded that the efficacy of 2,4-D or glyphosate for common and giant ragweed control can be improved if applied at warm temperatures (29/17 C d/n) due to increased absorption and/or translocation compared with applications during cooler temperatures (20/11 C d/n).

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of invasive weed species Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. on tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Ljiljana Santric
Keyword(s):  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
The Other ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Abutilon theophrasti Medik, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. are four well-known invasive weed species that are widespread in many crops. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of decomposition products of these four invasive weeds on seed germination and early seedling growth of tomato. The results of the study showed that decomposition products obtained from A. theophrasti, A. artemisiifolia, D. stramonium and X. strumarium had different allelopathic impacts on germination and seedling growth of tomato. The degree of inhibition or stimulation depended on weed species and type of decomposition product. Root decomposition products of all species except X. strumarium decreased the early growth of tomato (2-37%). X. strumarium had only stimulating effect on early growth of tomato (1-86%). Also, the results showed that leaves of the other three invasive weed species had stimulating effects on early growth of tomato (1-53%). Hence, the allelopathic potential of X. strumarium, as well as the leaf decomposition products of the other three invasive weed species could be used to develop an appropriate technology to improve tomato production.

Factors Influencing the Phytotoxicity of Chloroxuron

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne C. Carlson ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

The phytotoxicity of 3-[p-(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron) usually decreased as the stage of growth of five weed species at treatment increased. Giant foxtail (Setaria faberiiHerrm.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), and the cotyledonary stage of cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) were most resistant to the herbicide. Ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.) and jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.) were more susceptible to chloroxuron. Soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) seemed less susceptible at the cotyledonary stage than at later stages. Phytotoxicity on both weeds and soybeans was increased by increased temperature and relative humidity following chloroxuron application. The phytotoxicity of chloroxuron also was increased by simulated rainfall in greenhouse studies.

Response of Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) to Postemergence Imazethapyr

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Ballard ◽  
Michael E. Foley ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Giant Ragweed

A study was conducted to evaluate the response of common and giant ragweed to postemergence applications of imazethapyr using relative growth rate parameters. The relative growth rate was the same for untreated common and giant ragweed through the 21 d harvest interval. Relative growth rates of treated common and giant ragweed were 50% lower than the relative growth rates of untreated ragweeds 21 d after treatment. Between 21 and 56 d after treatment, the relative growth rate of common ragweed declined an additional 13%, while the relative growth rate of giant ragweed declined an additional 38%. The sharp continued decline in the relative growth rate of giant ragweed indicated plant death. The moderation and slight increase in the relative growth rate of common ragweed between 21 and 56 d corresponded with the initiation of lateral axillary buds and the regeneration of plant growth. Relative growth rate parameters identified differences in the response of common and giant ragweed to imazethapyr as early as 21 d after treatment. Relative growth rate demonstrated utility by objectively measuring differences in the growth response of these two weeds that are moderately susceptible to imazethapyr under laboratory conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document