scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of invasive weed species Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. on tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Ljiljana Santric
Keyword(s):  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
The Other ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Abutilon theophrasti Medik, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. are four well-known invasive weed species that are widespread in many crops. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of decomposition products of these four invasive weeds on seed germination and early seedling growth of tomato. The results of the study showed that decomposition products obtained from A. theophrasti, A. artemisiifolia, D. stramonium and X. strumarium had different allelopathic impacts on germination and seedling growth of tomato. The degree of inhibition or stimulation depended on weed species and type of decomposition product. Root decomposition products of all species except X. strumarium decreased the early growth of tomato (2-37%). X. strumarium had only stimulating effect on early growth of tomato (1-86%). Also, the results showed that leaves of the other three invasive weed species had stimulating effects on early growth of tomato (1-53%). Hence, the allelopathic potential of X. strumarium, as well as the leaf decomposition products of the other three invasive weed species could be used to develop an appropriate technology to improve tomato production.

scholarly journals Influence of different methods for breaking seed dormancy of Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Abutilon theophrasti and Xanthium strumarium on emergence in field conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Jovana Krstić ◽  
Goran Malidža ◽  
Miloš Rajković ◽  
Miloš Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy

Seed dormancy is an important trait that contributes to the survival rate of weeds, helps to avoid the effects of herbicides and protects them against adverse environmental conditions. In order to determine which methods are effective in breaking seed dormancy of invasive weed species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium), an experiment was set up in 2019 in a randomized block design, with three replications in the experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (Novi Sad). The collected seeds of one population of A. artemisiifolia and A. theophrasti, were cleaned and stored in cold storage at 4°C until testing, while X. strumarium was stored at room temperature. Seed propagation was done in a weed science laboratory, using nine different methods for breaking seed dormancy. The seeds were exposed to different conditions of temperature, light and humidity over a certain period of time (24h or 48h). The dynamics of weed emergence were monitored daily, for a period of 31 days and expressed cumulatively in percentages. Based on the obtained results, the highest percentage of sprouted plants was determined in treatments where the seeds were propagated under light conditions, in water. An appropriate method of propagation can influence the breaking of seed dormancy and emergence in field conditions, which can have practical significance in the research of competitive relations between crops and tested weed species.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Brassicaceae Cover Crop on Ambrosia artemisiifolia Germination and Early Growth

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Maja Šćepanović ◽  
Marija Sarić-Krsmanović ◽  
Valentina Šoštarčić ◽  
Ema Brijačak ◽  
Josip Lakić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Vanilic Acid

Several cover crops (CCs) exert allelopathic effects that suppress weed growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts containing different concentrations [0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% (w/v)] of Brassicaceae CCs (Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus, Camellina sativa) and of the CCs Fagopyrum esculentum and Guizotia abyssinica on germination and early growth of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. The allelopathic effects were species and concentration-dependent. C. sativa, for example, caused the greatest potential to inhibit germination, shoot, radicle length and fresh seedling weight, whereas S. alba and R. sativus inhibited germination and early growth of A. artemisiifolia only at concentrations ≥7.5%. In contrast, no inhibition was observed when aqueous extracts of F. escultneum and G. abyssinica were added at any of tested concentration. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detected 15 phenolic compounds in Brassicaceae CCs with the highest content (µg/g) of vanillin (48.8), chlorogenic acid (1057), vanilic acid (79), caffeic acid (102.5) and syringic acid (27.3) in C. sativa. Our results suggest that C. sativa is the most allelopathic CCs and that the fruits of C. sativa are the plant organs richest in allelochemicals.

EFFECT OF SEVERAL HERBICIDES ON GERMINATION, SURVIVAL, AND EARLY GROWTH OF CARAGANA AND ON WEEDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
R. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Caragana Arborescens ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Several pre-emergence herbicides were tested, both in the greenhouse and in the field, for tolerance to germinating and 1-year-old seedlings of caragana (Caragana arborescens Lam.) and for effectiveness in controlling weeds.Dinoseb (4,6-dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol) and its alkanolamine salt at 8 lb/ac, trifluralin (alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 4 to 6 lb/ac, DCPA (dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate) at 15 lb/ac, swep (methyl 3,4-dichlorocarbanilate) at 6 to 9 lb/ac, and Tenoran (N-4-(p-chlorophenoxy)-phenyl-1,1-dimethylurea) at 6 lb/ac gave satisfactory weed control with no injury to germinating caragana seedlings. Liquid formulations of dinoseb or dinoseb-amine were more effective than the granular dinoseb formulation at rates of 8 lb/ac or less. Mixtures of dinoseb, trifluralin, and DCPA were also effective and these may be used where a wider weed species spectrum is encountered.Trifluralin at 6 lb/ac and mixtures of granular dinoseb at 8 to 12 lb/ac with DCPA at 10 lb/ac also provided satisfactory weed control with no injury to 1-year-old caragana seedlings.In the greenhouse tests, pre-emergence applications of trifluralin, diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide), swep, DCPA, and DMPA (Q-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) O-methyl isopropylphosphoramidothioate) did not retard the germination of weed seeds, but the young weed seedlings were either killed or retarded in growth as the experiments progressed. On the other hand, linuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea), dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile), and dinoseb affected the emergence of weed seedlings. The weeds surviving the dinoseb treatment grew well. Hand-weeding stimulated the germination of more weed seeds.

Dormancy Changes and Fate of Some Annual Weed Seeds in the Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum

Seeds of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.), ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifidaL.), yellow foxtail[Setaria lutescens(Weigel) Hubb.], and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) were buried in the soil at depths down to 15.2 cm in November 1966. Seeds of jimsonweed, ivyleaf morningglory, giant ragweed, yellow foxtail, velvetleaf, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicumL.) were buried 2.5 and 10.2 cm below the surface in October 1968. Seeds were exhumed for periodic laboratory analyses of dormancy changes. All species except ivyleaf morningglory and common cocklebur germinated better in light than in darkness after at least one winter of burial in the soil. Seeds decayed faster at 2.5 cm below the soil surface than at 10.2 cm, but some viable seeds of all species were recovered from both depths after 3 years. The development or maintenance of hard seeds was considered the principle mechanism for seed survival for 3 years in these species.

scholarly journals Weed control in bean and green bean crops

Biljni lekar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-814
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Savić ◽  
Sanja Đurović ◽  
Srđan Stevanović ◽  
Milan Ugrinović
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Yields

Phaseolus vulgaris (beans; green beans) as a food of high nutritional value occupies an important place in the human diet. In addition to all the basic growing conditions, one of the key requirements for achieving high yields is successful weed control. Weeds such as Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Datura stramonium, Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium, Cirsium arvense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Sorghum halepense and others appear as the most dominant species in our agroecological conditions. The application of the concept of integrated weed control implies the application of all available measures (crop rotation, proper and timely tillage, application of herbicides, etc.). Although there is a wider range of registered herbicides for weed control in beans and green beans in the world, preparations based on active substances: clethodim, quizalofop-P-tefuril, imazamox and bentazone have been registered in Serbia.

scholarly journals STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROPS IN THE NISAVA DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345
Author(s):  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Milić Vojinović ◽  
Ivica Stančić ◽  
Saša Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
The Right

The damage from the present weeds in maize crop is shown by the reduction of yield in almost every year and their suppression is completely economically justified. The right selection of herbicides mostly depends on the presence of dominant weed species and the time of application. The paper presents the distribution and existence of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Capsela bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Avena fatua, Calystegia sepium, …) on ten locations of maize crops in the Nisava district. Estimation of the species presence was done in two shootings (May and August) on scale 1-4 (1 - species appears individually and occupy up to 5% of the surface, 2 - appears and occupies 5-25% of the surface, 3 - appears often and occupies 25-50% of the surface, 4 - the species prevails over the cultivated plant and occupies over 50% of the surface).

scholarly journals Mesotrione: A new herbicide for use in maize

Pesticidi ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elezovic ◽  
Milan Stevic ◽  
Katarina Jovanovic-Radovanov
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Lepidium Draba

In 2000 and 2001 field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide mesotrione in maize. The experiments were established in Zemun Polje and Smederevska Palanka, according to EPPO/OEPP standard methods. Trade formulation Callisto (a.i. mesotrione 480 g/L) used as a experimental sample in two doses 0.15 L/ha and 0.25 L/ha for pre-em, and 0.15 L/ha adjuvant; 0.25 L/ha + adjuvant and 0.25 L/ha alone for foliar application. The most sensitive weed species were: Adonis aestivalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hibridum Lepidium draba, Brassica nigra, Datura stramonium, Kickia spuria, Polygonum lapathifolium, Sinapis arvensis, Solanum nigrum, Stachys annua i Xanthium strumarium.

scholarly journals The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on Datura stramonium L., Abutilon theophrasti Med., Onopordon acanthium L. and Verbascum thapsus L. seed germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Ljubinko Jovanovic ◽  
Vera Raicevic ◽  
Danijela Pavlovic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Verbascum Thapsus ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Petri Dishes

The effects of several bacterial media [Bacillus licheniformis population 1 (MO1); B. licheniformis population 2 (MO2); B. subtilis (MO3); B. megatherium (MO4); humates (MO5)] on seed germination of Datura stramonium L., Abutilon theophrasti Med., Onopordon acanthium L. and Verbascum thapsus L. were tested. Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes containing solutions with different bacterial media. The highest germination percentage in all treatments was recorded for V. thapsus seeds (100.0%). Different treatments had diverse effects (stimulative or inhibitory) on seed germination of D. stramonium [from 5% (MO1) to 13.3% (MO3), with 10.0 % in H20], A. theophrasti [from 28.3% (MO3) to 65.0% (MO5), with 43.3 % in H20] and O. acanthium [from 10.0% (MO2) to 13.3% (MO1 and MO3), with 6.7% in H20], depending on the type of media and weed species.

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