Effect of Activated Carbon on Phytotoxicity of Terbacil to Several Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex G. Ogg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Significant Weight Loss

Alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.), beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.), corn (Zea maysL.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosumL.), spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), and sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL.) were severely injured and had reduced foliage dry weights when grown in soil containing 0.10 ppmw or more terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil). Activated carbon at 150 kg/ha prevented a significant loss in weight of beans and corn in soil containing 0.10 ppmw terbacil and fully protected potatoes in soil containing 0.19 ppmw terbacil. Carbon at 300 kg/ha fully protected sugarbeets and prevented a significant weight loss in alfalfa in soil containing 0.19 ppmw terbacil. Carbon at 600 kg/ha did not protect wheat from 0.19 ppmw terbacil.

Effect of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Residue on Growth of Some Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Leaf Leachate ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum

Field and greenhouse experiments were established to determine the phytotoxicity of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.] residue on crop growth. Field examination of infestations showed that as Canada thistle shoots increased in an area, the number of kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.], marshelder (Iva xanthifoliaNutt.) and foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatumL.) plants decreased. Conversely, as Canada thistle shoots decreased, the aforementioned annual and perennial plants increased. In greenhouse studies, roots and shoots of Canada thistle that were mixed with soil reduced the growth of sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2’), wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Centurk’), alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. ‘Dawson’), and Canada thistle seedlings. Corn (Zea maysL. ‘Jacques No. 1004’) and dry edible beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Great Northern No. 59’) grown in soil treated with Canada thistle residue were affected to a lesser extent. When Canada thistle residue was mixed with soil, crop growth was inversely proportional to the amount of Canada thistle residue added to the soil. Both roots and shoots of Canada thistle were toxic to crops when mixed with the soil. The effects of Canada thistle residue on crop growth lasted for about 60 days. Neither autoclaving residue and soil nor fertilization of soil had any effect on residue toxicity. Canada thistle leaf leachate inhibited the growth of sugarbeets watered daily with the leachate.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Vacuolar H+-ATPase Subunit H Gene Family in Crop Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Kang ◽  
Fengjie Sun ◽  
Lei Yan ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Jianrong Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Atpase Subunit ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
H Gene ◽  
Gossypium Raimondii

The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) plays many important roles in cell growth and in response to stresses in plants. The V-ATPase subunit H (VHA-H) is required to form a stable and active V-ATPase. Genome-wide analyses of VHA-H genes in crops contribute significantly to a systematic understanding of their functions. A total of 22 VHA-H genes were identified from 11 plants representing major crops including cotton, rice, millet, sorghum, rapeseed, maize, wheat, soybean, barley, potato, and beet. All of these VHA-H genes shared exon-intron structures similar to those of Arabidopsis thaliana. The C-terminal domain of VHA-H was shorter and more conserved than the N-terminal domain. The VHA-H gene was effectively used as a genetic marker to infer the phylogenetic relationships among plants, which were congruent with currently accepted taxonomic groupings. The VHA-H genes from six species of crops (Gossypium raimondii, Brassica napus, Glycine max, Solanum tuberosum, Triticum aestivum, and Zea mays) showed high gene structural diversity. This resulted from the gains and losses of introns. Seven VHA-H genes in six species of crops (Gossypium raimondii, Hordeum vulgare, Solanum tuberosum, Setaria italica, Triticum aestivum, and Zea mays) contained multiple transcript isoforms arising from alternative splicing. The study of cis-acting elements of gene promoters and RNA-seq gene expression patterns confirms the role of VHA-H genes as eco-enzymes. The gene structural diversity and proteomic diversity of VHA-H genes in our crop sampling facilitate understanding of their functional diversity, including stress responses and traits important for crop improvement.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad y estimación del consumo de forrajes y concentrados en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Alfonso Cordero F. ◽  
José Contreras P. ◽  
James Curasma C. ◽  
Miguel Tunque Q. ◽  
Daniel Enríquez Q.
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vicugna Pacos

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación in situ de la materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC) y la estimación del consumo mediante ecuaciones de predicción de MS de forrajes y alimentos concentrados en alpacas Huacaya (Vicugna pacos). Se trabajó con ensilado de maíz chala (Zea mays L) sin y con 1% de urea, cebada (Hordeum vulgare L), avena (Avena sativa L), salvado de trigo (Triticum aestivum L) y raspa de papa (Solanum tuberosum). Los alimentos (5 g en base seca) fueron colocados en sacos de nylon e incubados en el primer compartimento estomacal de dos alpacas fistuladas durante 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 76 horas. Se analizó la MS y la PC de los residuos de los sacos. La MS y la PC del salvado de trigo y de la raspa de papa presentaron potenciales de degradación elevados, así como la MS y la PC de la avena. Se destaca la mayor fracción no degradable de la PC del maíz chala sin y con urea y, por tanto, una menor degradabilidad de la PC. Las estimaciones del consumo por las alpacas generadas por las ecuaciones de tres estudios no son adecuadas a los alimentos en estudio.

Trichodorus viruliferus. [Distribution map].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Large Host ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Trichodorus viruliferus Hooper Nematoda: Trichodoridae Extremely large host range, including apple (Malus pumila), barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), pea (Pisum sativum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), rye (Secale cereale), sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Florida.

Regulation of Amitrole and Diuron Toxicity by Phosphorus

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Selman ◽  
R. P. Upchurch
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare

The influence of soil-applied phosphorus on the phytotoxicity of soil-applied 3-amino-s-triazole (amitrole) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron) for corn(Zea maysL.), ryegrass(Lolium multiflorumL.), rye(Secale cerealeL.), snapbeans(Phaseolus vulgarisL.), soybeans(Glycine max(L.) Mers.), sorghum(Sorghum vulgarePers.), wheat(Triticum aestivumL.), cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL.), peanuts(Arachis hypogaeaL.), and peas(Pisum sativumL.) was studied under greenhouse conditions. All species except cotton and peanuts indicated an amitrole-phosphorus interaction. Greater phytotoxicity was found for a given rate of amitrole as the soil phosphorus level was increased. A diuron-phosphorus interaction was observed for cotton and soybeans only.

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