Yield and Quality of Two Cool-Season Grasses as Affected by Selected Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Several herbicides applied either in the fall or spring at rates used for musk thistle (Carduus nutansL.) control had no deleterious effects on two cool-season grasses, smooth brome (Bromus inermisLeyss.) and intermediate wheatgrass [Agropyron intermedium(Host) Beauv.]. Herbicides used were 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid}, and Dowco 290 (3,6-dichloropicolinic acid). Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] was included for comparative purposes because it is known to affect the protein content of some forage grasses. Effects on the quality of the forages were measured by in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), protein and KNO3determinations. Intermediate wheatgrass was less susceptible to damage from the highest rates of picloram and atrazine than smooth brome.

Effect of Timing of Spring Applications of Herbicides on Quality of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Robert E. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] applied to dormant bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Tifway’ ♯ CYNDA] retarded early foliar growth more than other herbicides evaluated. When bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] treatments were delayed until after bermudagrass initiated spring growth, foliar growth and quality were generally lower than when the treatments were applied to dormant turf. Retardation of early foliar bermudagrass growth by 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] + mecoprop {2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] propionic acid} + dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) was generally the same whether applied to dormant or semidormant turf. This combination of herbicides reduced the quality and density of bermudagrass when applied to growing but not to dormant turf. Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] did not retard bermudagrass growth or affect density whether applied to dormant or semidormant turf, but turf quality was slightly lower when atrazine was applied to semidormant turf.

Selective Weed Control in Seedling Cool-Season Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Canode ◽  
W. C. Robocker
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Grass Establishment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Seven herbicides were applied for selective weed control on three different seedling stands of five cool-season grasses. The herbicides were evaluated for their influence on weed control, grass establishment, and first crop grass seed production. These experiments indicate that 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil) was outstanding in selective control of broadleaf weeds in seedling grass stands. Two other herbicides, 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) and 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazinediium ion (diquat) were valuable under most conditions. The remaining herbicides—(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb), 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA), and 1-butyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (neburon)—were satisfactory for selective weed control under some conditions, but their effects were not uniform for the different species and plantings.

scholarly journals Influence of growth regulators and explants on shoot regeneration in carnation

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Kanwar ◽  
S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The influence of growth regulators, explants and their interactions on in vitro shoot bud formation from callus was studied in <I>Dianthus caryophyllus</I> L. The leaf and internode explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators. The highest callus induction was observed with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA). Out of twenty seven shoot regeneration media tested, only 2 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) and zeatin alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and/or indole acetic acid (IAA) could differentiate calli. The highest average number of shoots was observed with 2 mg/l TDZ and 1 mg/l IAA. Significant differences were observed in calli producing shoots and number of shoots per callus in the explants of leaf and internode. The shoots were elongated and multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA and solidified with 1% agar. The shoots were rooted and hardened with 76% survival success in pots after six weeks of transfer to the pots.

Herbicides for Postemergence Control of Annual Grass Weeds in Seedling Forage Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Peters ◽  
Russell S. Moomaw ◽  
Alex R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Large Crabgrass ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

The control of three summer annual grass weeds with herbicides during establishment of forage grasses was studied near Concord and Mead, NE, in 1984, 1985, and 1986. Three cool-season forage grasses, intermediate wheatgrass, tall fescue, and smooth bromegrass, and two warm-season grasses, big bluestem and switchgrass, were included. The control of three major summer annual grasses, green foxtail, barnyardgrass, and large crabgrass, was excellent with fenoxaprop at 0.22 kg ai/ha. Slight to moderate injury to cool-season forage grasses and severe injury to warm-season grasses were evident. Sethoxydim at 0.22 kg ai/ha and haloxyfop at 0.11 kg ai/ha controlled green foxtail and large crabgrass, but not barnyardgrass. Sulfometuron-treated big bluestem and switchgrass plots had the best forage stand frequencies and yields and, at the rate used, sulfometuron satisfactorily controlled green foxtail but only marginally controlled barnyardgrass and large crabgrass.

scholarly journals Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Quiñones ◽  
Rodrigo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cutting Height

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME KALE-CORN COMBINATIONS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FULKERSON
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Row Width

Midas marrowstem kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was grown in different row width associations with United 106 corn (Zea maize L.) in two studies and ensiled in different moisture blends with corn stover in another. Highest dry matter yields were obtained where a single row of kale was grown at 30 cm to the side of a corn row. This combination also provided the lowest moisture content feed and the highest in vitro digestibility and crude protein content. Changing the corn row width had no significant effect upon yield, plant height, in vitro digestibility, kale leaf or corn ear content. Blending kale with corn stover to provide a silage of about 70% moisture increased the digestibility and protein content of the feed and provided a silage that kept well in storage.

Effect of Herbicides on the Production of Common Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney W. Bovey ◽  
Hugo Hein ◽  
Robert E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Relative Differences

Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid}, tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea}, and hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] were applied at rates of 0.3, 0.6, 1.1, and 2.2 kg/ha pre- and postemergence to greenhouse-grown common buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliarisL. ♯3PESCI). Buffelgrass tolerated preemergence sprays of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid up to and including 1.1 kg/ha. All other treatments except picloram and 2,4,5-T at 0.3 kg/ha were phytotoxic to emerging buffelgrass. Buffelgrass tolerated early postemergence applications of 2,4-D, picloram, and tebuthiuron at 0.3 kg/ha; dicamba and 2,4,5-T at 0.6 kg/ha; and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid at 2.2 kg/ha based on oven-dry shoot production 1 month after treatment. Regrowth of buffelgrass from stubble 1 month after original harvest of the early postemergence treatment occurred only with all rates of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid and 2,4,5-T at 0.3 kg/ha. When treated at 45 days after planting, buffelgrass tolerated dicamba, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, and picloram at 2.2 kg/ha, but top growth production was significantly reduced by most rates of hexazinone and tebuthiuron. Relative differences in regrowth of buffelgrass 1 month after the original harvest were similar to those of the original harvest. Mature buffelgrass (90 or 150 days old) responded similarly to herbicides as the 45-day-old buffelgrass.

Influence of Nitrogen on Recovery of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Treated by Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Tifway’] injured by MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) plus metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] or 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] plus mecoprop {2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] propionic acid} plus dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) recovered more rapidly when nitrogen (N) was applied in sequence with the herbicides than when no N was applied. Bermudagrass recovery was faster with less injury within 2 weeks after herbicide treatment when N was applied at the first MSMA plus metribuzin treatment or when N was applied at 2 weeks after the first 2,4-D plus mecoprop plus dicamba treatment. Turf quality at 4 weeks or later was consistently as good or better in plots where N was applied at 2 weeks after the first application of either herbicide combination than when N was applied earlier.

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