Germination, Growth, and Seed Production ofIpomoea hederaceawhen Planted at Monthly Intervals

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Thullen ◽  
Paul E. Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Field Plots

In 1979 and 1980, ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. # IPOHE] seed were planted in field plots at monthly intervals beginning with March and continuing through October. During the first 9 weeks, seedlings from the July plantings grew more rapidly than those from the other monthly plantings and produced the heaviest fresh weights. Vegetative growth slowed after the 9-week harvest and seedlings from June plantings had heavier fresh weights at the 12-week harvest. Plants from the July planting produced the greatest number of seed at both the 9- and 12-week harvests. After scarifying, seed produced by plants from April through August (12-week harvest) germinated best with the 27/32 C night/day air temperature regime, but also germinated at 15/21, 21/27, and 27/32 C regimes. Ivyleaf morningglory seed did not germinate at an air temperature regime of 10/15 C. With an air temperature regime of 32/38 C the germination of some lots began to decrease.

Responses of Zebu, Jersey, and Zebu X Jersey crossbred heifers to rising temperature, with particular reference to sweating

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
TE Allen
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sweating Rate ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Zebu, Jersey, and Zebu x Jersey crossbred heifers were subjected to a rising temperature regime over the range 65 to 105°F. Sweating rates, respiration rates, skin temperatures, and rectal temperatures were measured. All breeds showed similar responses in skin temperature and rectal temperature to increase in air temperature. The increase in skin temperature was approximately linear with rise in air temperature. Rectal temperature did not commence to rise until an air temperature of 90°F and a skin temperature of 98° was reached. Breed differences in sweating and respiratory rates with increase in air and skin temperature were observed. The Jersey heifers showed an early and almost linear increase in sweating rate with rise in air and skin temperature, whereas the sweating rate of the Zebu heifers did not increase until air temperature had risen to at least 85°F and skin temperature to 95°. Two crossbreds began to increase their sweating rates at temperatures intermediate between those recorded for Zebus arid Jerseys. The remaining two behaved similarly to Jerseys. All three breeds showed similar maximum sweating rates in response to this rising temperature regime. The respiratory rate of' the Jerseys was higher than that of the Zebus at all temperatures, and particularly at high temperatures. Crossbreds respired at rates comparable to the Jerseys until an air temperature of 90°F and a skin temperature of 97°F were exceeded, when their respiration rates became intermediate between the other two breeds. The significance of these differences is discussed.

Variations in Seed Production and the Response to Pests of Morningglory (Ipomoea) Species and Smallflower Morningglory (Jacquemontia tamnifolia)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hugh Crowley ◽  
Gale A. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Insect Susceptibility

Flowering dates, seed production, and disease and insect susceptibility of sevenIpomoeaspp. and smallflower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia(L.) Griseb.] were determined under field conditions in 1973 and 1974. Seed produced per plant were as follows: ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], 6000; entireleaf morningglory [I. hederacea(L.) Jacq. var.integriusculaGray], 5000; pitted morningglory [I. lacunosaL.], 10000; wild tall morningglory [I. purpurea(L.) Roth.], 26000; commercial tall morningglory [I. purpurea(L.) Roth ‘Crimson Rambler′], 15 000; cypressvine morningglory (I. quamoclitL.), 9000; cotton morningglory [I. trichocarpaEll. var.torreyana(Gray) Shinners], 9000; palmleaf morningglory (I. wrightiiGray), 7000; and smallflower morningglory, 11000. Seed weights were about 29, 26, 22, 21, 19, 13, 19, 37, and 5 mg/seed, respectively. Pitted morningglory appeared to have a qualitative short day-length requirement for flower initiation and the other species appeared less day-length sensitive. Ivyleaf morningglory and entireleaf morningglory were highly susceptible to orange rust [Coleosporium ipomoeae(Schw.) Burrill] and white rust [Albugo ipomoea panduratae(Schw.) Swingle], but the otherIpomoeaspecies were only slightly susceptible and smallflower morningglory was resistant. Cotton bollworms (Heliothis zeaBoddie) and cabbage loopers (Trichoplusia niHubner) fed preferentially on ivyleaf morningglory and entireleaf morningglory.

Influence of Planting Date on Growth of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Keeley ◽  
Robert J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Barnyardgrass seeded in field plots at monthly intervals from March through October at Shatter, CA, began to emerge in March when soil temperatures reached 17 C at a depth of 5 cm. For all plantings, most of the seeds germinated and produced seedlings within 2 weeks. Increasing day lengths favored vegetative growth, with April, May, and June plantings producing the tallest plants, the most dry matter, and the largest number of tillers. July and August plantings, the first to flower, began flowering and producing seeds within 5 to 6 weeks after planting, but the greatest number of seeds (15 000 to 25 000/plant) was produced by the larger plants of the April, May, and June plantings. September plantings produced few seeds/plant (37), when compared to March (5900), July (9800), and August (9700) plantings. The earliest that seed production would be expected from seedlings emerging in March and April would be early June, and seedlings emerging in September could produce seeds before killing frosts.

Seedling survival, yield and seed production of three species of annual medics exposed to lucerne aphids

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (105) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge ◽  
LR Greenup
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survival Yield ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Field Plots

The effects of spotted alfalfa aphids and blue-green aphids on the seedling survival, yield and seed production of Medicago truncatula var. truncatula cultivars Cyprus and Jemalong, M. polymorpha var. vulgaris and M. minima var. minima were investigated in field plots to which three insecticide treatments were applied: sprayed continuously to the post-flowering and haying-off stage; sprayed only until flowering ; and unsprayed. In the unsprayed plots all four medics were suitable hosts for both aphid species. The highest number of blue-green aphids developed on M. truncatula cv. Cyprus and the highest number of spotted alfalfa aphids on M. polymorpha var. vulgaris. Aphid numbers were relatively low from emergence to establishment and had no effect on the seedling mortalities of the medics in the unsprayed plots. The relatively low aphid numbers through winter also had no effect on dry matter production, but as numbers of both species increased in the spring the mean yields from all the unsprayed plots at successive harvests in September, October and November were reduced by 50, 54 and 55%, respectively. Flowering commenced in M. truncatula cv. Cyprus, M, polymorpha and M. minima before aphid numbers were high enough to reduce herbage yields in the unsprayed plots. However, M. truncatula cv. Jemalong flowered 10-1 4 days after the other medics, and its seed yields from the unsprayed plots were significantly lower than those of M. truncatula cv. Cyprus. The germination percentage of seed produced in the unsprayed plots of M, polymorpha was significantly lower than that of the other unsprayed medics.

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilizer on Mustard (Brassica juncea)

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Joarder ◽  
N. K. Paul ◽  
S. K. Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Field Plots

SUMMARYThree cultivars of mustard (B. juncea) were grown on field plots with five levels of fertilizers and with or without irrigation. Irrigation gave 59% more seed yield than no irrigation, accompanied by improved performance of ancillary characters. Significant increases in seed yield and most of the other characters were noted with increased levels of fertilizers, with a significant cultivar × fertilizer interaction due to the negative response of one cultivar to increased levels of fertilizers. The importance of irrigation and fertilizer in mustard seed production was thus demonstrated.

scholarly journals Identification of solar radiation effect on climatic indicators of the territory of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Physical Processes

Formulation of the problem. Understanding that solar energy is the main source of the majority of biological, chemical and physical processes on Earth, investigation of its influence on different climatic fields allows us to define the features of its space and hour fluctuations. To define radiation and temperature regime of the territory it is necessary to determine climatic features of the spreading surface, which absorbs and will transform solar energy. Considering the fact that modern climatic changes and their consequences cover all components of the system, today there is a problem of their further study for comprehension of atmospheric processes, modeling weather conditions on different territories depending on the properties. The purpose of the article is to determine interrelations between indexes of solar radiation (the Wolf's number) and air temperature, atmospheric pressure on the territory of Ukraine during 1965-2015, their change in space and time. Methods. Correlative method is one of the main methods of a statistical analysis which allows us to receive correlation coefficients of solar radiation variability indexes, air temperature, atmospheric pressure on the territory of the research. This technique estimates the extent of solar radiation influence on temperature regime of the territory and distribution of atmospheric pressure. Results. Coefficients of correlation, which characterize variability of solar radiation indexes, air temperature and atmospheric pressure on the explored territory have been received by means of statistical correlation analysis method. This technique allows us to estimate the degree and nature of solar radiation influence on a temperature regime of the territory and distribution of atmospheric pressure. It has been defined that direct correlative connection between indexes of solar radiation is characteristic of air temperature and atmospheric pressure fields. Significant statistical dependence between incoming solar radiation on the territory of Ukraine and atmospheric pressure has been noted during the spring and autumn periods mainly at the majority of stations. Between indexes of solar radiation and air temperature the inverse correlative connection in winter will be transformed to a direct connection during the spring and summer periods. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Physical processes, which happen in the atmosphere, are characterized by complex interrelations. For further research it is important to define solar radiation value and the extent of influence on climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Adult caddisflies (Trichoptera) attracted to artificial lights in the middle reaches of the Shinano River from 2005 to 2007

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIMIO HIRABAYASHI ◽  
GORO KIMURA ◽  
EISO INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Summer Flood

The species composition and abundance of adult caddisflies attracted to the illuminated showcase of a vending machine set along the middle reaches of the Shinano River were investigated every Sunday night from April to November in 2005 to 2007. A total of 1,405 adult caddisflies was collected during the investigation periods. We identified a total of 13 species belonging to 11 genera of 8 families. The most abundant species was Psychomyia acutipennis (Ulmer 1908) each year. Psychomyia acutipennis adults were collected from mid-May to the beginning of October (the range of mean air temperature was 13.8 to 27.7°C), with its seasonal abundance divided into several peaks, i.e., the end of May, the beginning of June, and the end of August to the beginning of September in both 2006 and 2007. On the other hand, in 2005 when there was no large-scale summer flood and there were no marked abundance peaks. The present study suggests that the mean air temperature and summer floods impacted the seasonal abundance of P. acutipennis adults.

scholarly journals Preliminary investigation into impact of Sitona lepidus adults on white clover seed production

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard ◽  
T. Eden ◽  
W. Tozer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Adult Weevil

A small plot trial was undertaken in the Waikato to determine the potential impact of Sitona lepidus adults on white clover seed production. Five densities of adult weevil were caged on 1 m2 plots from the time of peak adult emergence in November 1998 until harvest in late January 1999. In the laboratory, weevil adults were found to severely damage clover inflorescences when no leaves were present. Although feeding damage on leaves was highly visible in the field plots, with over 80% of the leaflets damaged at the highest density of 600 adults/m2, weevil adults were found to have no effect on flowering or seed production.

scholarly journals Soil temperature study in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 93 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-171
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Lugo-Camacho ◽  
Miguel A. Muñoz ◽  
Juan Pérez-Bolívar ◽  
Gregory R. Brannon
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Soil Temperature Regime ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature

Soil temperature measurements from a climate monitoring network in Puerto Rico were evaluated and the difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperature, known as isotivity value, was calculated. Air and soil temperature was collected from five weather stations of the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service from sea level to 1,019 m above sea level and from different soil moisture regimes. Isotivity values ranged from 1.2 to 3.9° C with an average of 2.6° C. The 750-m elevation was identified as the limit between the isohyperthermic and isothermic soil temperature regimes in the perudic soil moisture regime in Puerto Rico. The greatest differences between mean annual soil temperature and mean annual air temperature were observed at Guánica, Combate and Guilarte (2.1 ° C) stations. The smallest differences were observed at Maricao (0.8° C) and Isabela (1.8° C) stations. The study also indicated that the mean annual soil temperature in Puerto Rico can be estimated by adding 1.8° C to the mean annual air temperature or by the equation y = -0.007x + 28.0° C. The equation indicates that 97 percent of the time the behavior of the mean annual soil temperature is a function of elevation. According to the updated soil temperature regime boundaries, eight soil series were established in the Soil Survey of San Germán Area. In an area under the isothermic soil temperature regime, four soil series were classified as Oxisols (Haploperox), two soil series as Inceptisols (Eutrudepts) and two soil series as Mollisols (Argiudolls). This is the first field recognition of the Haploperox soil great group in the United States and its territories.

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