Duration of Enhanced Soil Degradation of EPTC as Influenced by Herbicide Rotation, Time, and Location

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent W. Bean ◽  
Fred W. Roeth ◽  
Alex R. Martin ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Reversion Rate ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Rotation Time ◽  
First Time

Soils did not remain enhanced for EPTC degradation when EPTC was applied in a biennial rotation with cyanazine, cycloate, or alachlor as indicated by laboratory analysis and early-season weed control in the year of EPTC use. Control of late-season weeds was less when EPTC was rotated with alachlor than with a first-time use of EPTC. EPTC degradation remained enhanced in an EPTC-butylate rotation. The reversion rate of soil from an enhanced condition to normality was gradual and varied with location, year, and number of prior EPTC applications. At Clay Center and Scottsbluff, soils reverted to a nonenhanced EPTC degradation rate 18 months after initial EPTC application. At Scottsbluff, soil was not enhanced for EPTC degradation 18 months after the second of two annual EPTC applications. Soil from Clay Center was partially enhanced for EPTC degradation 18 months after the second of two annual EPTC applications but was not enhanced after 30 months.

Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Flumetsulam, Cloransulam, and Diclosulam

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Andrew C. Bennett ◽  
Donald L. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

Cloransulam postemergence (POST), diclosulam preemergence (PRE), and flumetsulam preplant incorporated (PPI) and POST were evaluated in six trials at two locations for control of sicklepod and pitted morningglory in soybean. Sicklepod control with cloransulam plus flumetsulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron POST in seven of eight comparisons both 3 and 6 wk after treatment. Sicklepod control with cloransulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron in only three of eight comparisons 3 wk after treatment, but late-season control was equivalent in five of six comparisons. Pitted morningglory control with cloransulam alone or in tank-mixture with flumetsulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron in all comparisons. Control of sicklepod and pitted morningglory was greater in most comparisons when a POST application followed flumetsulam plus trifluralin PPI compared to only trifluralin PPI. In a total PRE stale seedbed system, where all treatments were tank-mixed with pendimethalin plus glyphosate, sicklepod control with all rates of flumetsulam and 26 or 35 g ai/ha diclosulam was equivalent to the standard treatment of imazaquin or metribuzin plus chlorimuron. None of the total PRE programs controlled sicklepod as well as when glyphosate was applied sequentially POST. Pitted morningglory was controlled 83 to 93% with 26 or 35 g/ha diclosulam, equivalent to imazaquin, metribuzin plus chlorimuron, or sequential glyphosate applications 8 wk after the PRE application. Increasing flumetsulam rate increased pitted morningglory control early season, but flumetsulam was not as effective as the other herbicides.

scholarly journals 619 Temporal and Spatial Weed Control Effects on Tart Cherry Orchards

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 554C-554
Author(s):  
Yahya K. Al-Hinai ◽  
Teryl R. Roper
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
June July ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

This experiment was conducted to determine temporal and spatial weed management characteristics for tart cherry orchards. Annual ryegrass and lambsquarter were planted in tree rows of a 14-year-old tart cherry orchard. Vegetation was controlled with nonresidual herbicides (Gramoxone + B-1956) either all season, May, June, July, August, before harvest, after harvest, or not controlled. Shoot growth measurements showed significantly more growth by trees without weed competition during the entire season, May, June, and before harvest compared to the weedy control and postharvest, July, or August treatments. Weedy early season plots reduced the shoot growth by half. All season, before harvest, May, and June weed-free plots showed higher amounts of leaf N compared with weedy controls or late-season treatments. Early season weed control is more important than late season. Vegetation-free areas of 0, 2, 3, and 4 m2 were maintained during 1998 by postemergence herbicides. Tissue analysis showed higher N concentration in leaves with vegetation controlled to 2 m2 or more compared to the weedy control. The critical vegetation free area for young cherry trees is between 0 and 2 m2.

Effects of Integrated Polyethylene and Cover Crop Mulch, Conservation Tillage, and Herbicide Application on Weed Control, Yield, and Economic Returns in Watermelon

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Jacob P. Williams ◽  
Leah A. Duzy ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Elizabeth A. Guertal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Production System ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

AbstractA 3-yr watermelon experiment was established in fall 2013 to evaluate cover crop, polyethylene mulch, tillage, and herbicide application components for weed control, yield, and profitability. Conservation tillage, either with a cereal rye cover crop alone or integrated with polyethylene mulch, was compared to the standard industry practice of conventional tillage with bedded polyethylene mulch. The study also used a non-bedded conventional tillage system without polyethylene to determine polyethylene and cover crop residue effects. Within each of the four systems, herbicide treatments comprised halosulfuron applied (1) at 26.3 g ai ha–1PRE, (2) at 26.3 g ai ha–1POST, or (3) sequentially at 26.3 g ai ha–1PRE and POST. Each system also had a nontreated control. In addition, clethodim was applied in all plots twice POST at 140 g ai ha–1, except for nontreated in each system. In 2014, polyethylene or cereal rye cover crop effectively controlled tall morningglory, coffee senna, and carpetweed early season in nontreated plots, whereas the integration of the two was effective at controlling common purslane. Tall morningglory and purslane control was insufficient late season regardless of production system and herbicide application. In 2015, polyethylene effectively controlled cutleaf eveningprimrose, sicklepod, and arrowleaf sida early season in nontreated plots. Yellow nutsedge control was insufficient late season regardless of production system and herbicide application. Utilizing sequential halosulfuron applications did not increase weed control over PRE or POST alone in all years. Polyethylene use resulted in yields higher than systems without in all years. Across all 3 yr, net returns were highest for polyethylene mulch systems. The results of this experiment underscore the need for more progress in developing integrated conservation systems for watermelon production. Effective herbicides, low-disturbance cultivation, and/or hand weeding are most likely the key to success in conservation specialty crop systems.

Full-Season Weed Control in Sugarbeets

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Significant Injury ◽  
Additional Labor

Sequential application of cycloate (S-ethyl N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate) at 3.4 kg/ha, phenmedipham (methylm-hydroxycarbanilatem-methylcarbanilate) at 1.1 kg/ha, and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 0.6 or 0.8 kg/ha, plus certain mechanical measures, controlled weeds during all periods of the growing season without significant injury to sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL.). Early-season weed control was complete enough that the new selective mechanical thinners could have replaced labor for thinning. The additional labor required to bring the crop to harvest free of weeds was limited to one late-season hoeing, which required less than 10% of the total labor required in traditional weed control schedules without herbicides.

Herbicide, Leaf Type, and Row Spacing Response in Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Andries ◽  
A. G. Douglas ◽  
A. W. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Leaf Type ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Isogenic Strains

Near isogenic strains of okra, super okra and normal leaf cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were grown in rows spaced 25, 50, and 100 cm apart and were sprayed with various combinations of trifluralin (α,α,α,trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea]. Neither row spacing nor leaf type had any effect on early season weed control. Late season control was better with normal and okra leaf types than with the super okra leaf type. Weed control was significantly better with additional postemergence application of herbicides than with only preplant and preemergence applications. Although the cotton varied in opening date with herbicide programs there was no difference in total yield.

scholarly journals 014 Weed Control and Productivity of Field-grown Cut Flowers

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 443B-443
Author(s):  
E. Jay Holcomb ◽  
Tracey L. Harpster ◽  
Robert D. Berghage ◽  
Larry J. Kuhns
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

A set of studies was established in Summer 1998 to determine the tolerance of field-grown cut flower species to specific preemergence herbicides, the effectiveness of weed control by those materials, and to determine if productivity of cut flowers is affected either by the herbicides or by colored mulches. Pendimethalin provided excellent early season weed control, but poor late-season control. It consistently caused injury at 4 lb a.i./A and sometimes at the 2 lb a.i./A rate. Oryzalin provided good to excellent weed control, but slightly injured celosia and zinnia when applied at 4 lb a.i./A. Napropamide provided excellent early season weed control, but marginally acceptable weed control later in the season. Though napropamide caused some injury to celosia early in the season when applied at the high rate, no injury to any of the plants was observed later in the season. Prodiamine and trifluralin were the overall safest of the herbicides, but they provided the weakest weed control. OH-2 was very effective when placed on the soil surface, but was less effective when placed on an organic mulch. The organic mulch was designed to keep the OH-2 particles from splashing on to the crop plant and injuring the plants. OH-2 tended to be safer placed on a mulch than on the soil surface, but statice was slightly injured even when a mulch was used.

scholarly journals Evaluating Mustard Seed Meal for Weed Suppression in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick A. Boydston ◽  
Steven F. Vaughn ◽  
Charles L. Webber III ◽  
Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Grass Weed

Mustard seed meal (MSM) derived from Sinapis alba controls weeds for several weeks following application to soil, but also has potential to injure the planted crop. Producers of certified organic potatoes typically utilize a combination of cover crops, soil hilling, harrowing, and cultivation for weed control. Once the potato canopy nears row closure, most late emerging weeds are suppressed by the dense potato canopy. MSM may have value for early season weed suppression in potato, but has not been previously tested. Our objectives were to determine the weed control efficacy and potato tolerance to MSM. We evaluated response of potatoes and weeds to MSM applied at 1.1, 2.2, and 4.5 MT ha-1 applied in a band on the potato hill just after a shallow harrowing and prior to potato emergence as part of an integrated weed management program in potatoes. MSM applied at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha-1 reduced early season grass and broadleaf weed density 73 to 99% and 54 to 98%, respectively, in potato and reduced late season broadleaf weed biomass 71 to 94% in all three years tested. Early season grass weed density in potato was reduced by MSM at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha-1. Late season grass weed biomass was reduced by the highest rate of 4.5 MT ha-1. MSM at 4.5 MT ha-1 caused minor injury to potato (3 to 15%) at 3 weeks after emergence, but did not reduce total tuber yields or percentage of US No.1 tubers. MSM could be a component of an integrated weed control program in potato.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Cotton

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ferrell ◽  
G. E. MacDonald ◽  
Pratap Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season

A successful weed control is essential for economical cotton production. Weeds compete with cotton for moisture, nutrients, and light. The greatest competition usually occurs early in the growing season up to 8 weeks after emergence. Late-season weeds, while not as competitive as early-season weeds, may interfere with insecticide applications, may cause harvesting difficulties, and add seed in the soil seedbank.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wg003

scholarly journals Using Fluridone Herbicide Systems for Weed Control in Texas Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Joshua McGinty
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
South Central ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Studies were conducted during 2015 through 2018 in south-central, Coastal Bend, and Southern High Plains areas of Texas to evaluate fluridone herbicide systems for weed control and cotton response. Fluridone alone at 0.17 to 0.23 kg ai ha-1 followed by postemergence (POST) herbicides controlled Amaranthus Palmeri 82 to 100% season-long while Cucumis melo control ranged from 92 to 100%. Control of Urochloa Texana with fluridone alone ranged from 40 to 96% early-season while late-season control ranged from 37 to 96%. Fluridone plus fomesafen systems controlled A. Palmeri, C. Melo, and U. Texana at least 98% early season; however, late-season control of A. Palmeri was less than 70% while C. Melo control was 91% and U. Texana control was 80%. Adding a POST application of glyphosate to fluridone plus fomesafen improved control to at least 98% for all three weed species. Fluridone plus fluometuron combinations provided similar control to fluridone plus fomesafen. Adding glyphosate (POST) improved A. Palmeri control to at least 82% season-long. Cotton yields reflect the level of weed control with significantly better yields from fluridone systems compared with the weedy check. However, in the one year when the untreated was maintained weed-free, no differences in cotton yield were noted between the weed-free and any herbicide treatment.

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