Full-Season Weed Control in Sugarbeets

Sequential application of cycloate (S-ethyl N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate) at 3.4 kg/ha, phenmedipham (methylm-hydroxycarbanilatem-methylcarbanilate) at 1.1 kg/ha, and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 0.6 or 0.8 kg/ha, plus certain mechanical measures, controlled weeds during all periods of the growing season without significant injury to sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL.). Early-season weed control was complete enough that the new selective mechanical thinners could have replaced labor for thinning. The additional labor required to bring the crop to harvest free of weeds was limited to one late-season hoeing, which required less than 10% of the total labor required in traditional weed control schedules without herbicides.

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Weed Management in Cotton

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-wg003-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (3) ◽

Author(s):

J. A. Ferrell ◽

G. E. MacDonald ◽

Pratap Devkota

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Growing Season ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Early Season ◽

Late Season

A successful weed control is essential for economical cotton production. Weeds compete with cotton for moisture, nutrients, and light. The greatest competition usually occurs early in the growing season up to 8 weeks after emergence. Late-season weeds, while not as competitive as early-season weeds, may interfere with insecticide applications, may cause harvesting difficulties, and add seed in the soil seedbank.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wg003

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Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Flumetsulam, Cloransulam, and Diclosulam

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x0004224x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 791-798 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David R. Shaw ◽

Andrew C. Bennett ◽

Donald L. Grant

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Weed Control ◽

Standard Treatment ◽

The Other ◽

Early Season ◽

Late Season ◽

Pitted Morningglory

Cloransulam postemergence (POST), diclosulam preemergence (PRE), and flumetsulam preplant incorporated (PPI) and POST were evaluated in six trials at two locations for control of sicklepod and pitted morningglory in soybean. Sicklepod control with cloransulam plus flumetsulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron POST in seven of eight comparisons both 3 and 6 wk after treatment. Sicklepod control with cloransulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron in only three of eight comparisons 3 wk after treatment, but late-season control was equivalent in five of six comparisons. Pitted morningglory control with cloransulam alone or in tank-mixture with flumetsulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron in all comparisons. Control of sicklepod and pitted morningglory was greater in most comparisons when a POST application followed flumetsulam plus trifluralin PPI compared to only trifluralin PPI. In a total PRE stale seedbed system, where all treatments were tank-mixed with pendimethalin plus glyphosate, sicklepod control with all rates of flumetsulam and 26 or 35 g ai/ha diclosulam was equivalent to the standard treatment of imazaquin or metribuzin plus chlorimuron. None of the total PRE programs controlled sicklepod as well as when glyphosate was applied sequentially POST. Pitted morningglory was controlled 83 to 93% with 26 or 35 g/ha diclosulam, equivalent to imazaquin, metribuzin plus chlorimuron, or sequential glyphosate applications 8 wk after the PRE application. Increasing flumetsulam rate increased pitted morningglory control early season, but flumetsulam was not as effective as the other herbicides.

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619 Temporal and Spatial Weed Control Effects on Tart Cherry Orchards

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.554c ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 554C-554

Author(s):

Yahya K. Al-Hinai ◽

Teryl R. Roper

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Tart Cherry ◽

Early Season ◽

Late Season ◽

Cherry Orchard ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

June July ◽

Postemergence Herbicides

This experiment was conducted to determine temporal and spatial weed management characteristics for tart cherry orchards. Annual ryegrass and lambsquarter were planted in tree rows of a 14-year-old tart cherry orchard. Vegetation was controlled with nonresidual herbicides (Gramoxone + B-1956) either all season, May, June, July, August, before harvest, after harvest, or not controlled. Shoot growth measurements showed significantly more growth by trees without weed competition during the entire season, May, June, and before harvest compared to the weedy control and postharvest, July, or August treatments. Weedy early season plots reduced the shoot growth by half. All season, before harvest, May, and June weed-free plots showed higher amounts of leaf N compared with weedy controls or late-season treatments. Early season weed control is more important than late season. Vegetation-free areas of 0, 2, 3, and 4 m2 were maintained during 1998 by postemergence herbicides. Tissue analysis showed higher N concentration in leaves with vegetation controlled to 2 m2 or more compared to the weedy control. The critical vegetation free area for young cherry trees is between 0 and 2 m2.

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Anatomical Differences of Axillary Bud Development in Blind Nodes and Normal Nodes in Peach

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.5.798 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 798-801 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Unaroj Boonprakob ◽

David H. Byrne ◽

Dale M.J. Mueller

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Growing Season ◽

Axillary Bud ◽

Early Season ◽

Bud Development ◽

Late Season ◽

Bud Initiation ◽

Node Formation

Actively growing shoots of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were collected every 2 weeks throughout the 1989 growing season. The samples were sectioned longitudinally and transversely to observe axillary bud initiation, which occurred in all samples collected. Differentiation of axillary bud meristems from early season samples (mostly normal nodes) included apical and prophyll formation, with procambium connected to the stem procambium. Little to no differentiation of such structures occurred in the late-season samples (mostly blind nodes). Other results suggest that blind node formation is a consequence of a lack of bud differentiation rather than a failure of bud initiation.

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Effects of Integrated Polyethylene and Cover Crop Mulch, Conservation Tillage, and Herbicide Application on Weed Control, Yield, and Economic Returns in Watermelon

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2018.45 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 623-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andrew J. Price ◽

Jacob P. Williams ◽

Leah A. Duzy ◽

J. Scott McElroy ◽

Elizabeth A. Guertal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Production System ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Early Season ◽

Cereal Rye ◽

Late Season ◽

Polyethylene Mulch

AbstractA 3-yr watermelon experiment was established in fall 2013 to evaluate cover crop, polyethylene mulch, tillage, and herbicide application components for weed control, yield, and profitability. Conservation tillage, either with a cereal rye cover crop alone or integrated with polyethylene mulch, was compared to the standard industry practice of conventional tillage with bedded polyethylene mulch. The study also used a non-bedded conventional tillage system without polyethylene to determine polyethylene and cover crop residue effects. Within each of the four systems, herbicide treatments comprised halosulfuron applied (1) at 26.3 g ai ha–1PRE, (2) at 26.3 g ai ha–1POST, or (3) sequentially at 26.3 g ai ha–1PRE and POST. Each system also had a nontreated control. In addition, clethodim was applied in all plots twice POST at 140 g ai ha–1, except for nontreated in each system. In 2014, polyethylene or cereal rye cover crop effectively controlled tall morningglory, coffee senna, and carpetweed early season in nontreated plots, whereas the integration of the two was effective at controlling common purslane. Tall morningglory and purslane control was insufficient late season regardless of production system and herbicide application. In 2015, polyethylene effectively controlled cutleaf eveningprimrose, sicklepod, and arrowleaf sida early season in nontreated plots. Yellow nutsedge control was insufficient late season regardless of production system and herbicide application. Utilizing sequential halosulfuron applications did not increase weed control over PRE or POST alone in all years. Polyethylene use resulted in yields higher than systems without in all years. Across all 3 yr, net returns were highest for polyethylene mulch systems. The results of this experiment underscore the need for more progress in developing integrated conservation systems for watermelon production. Effective herbicides, low-disturbance cultivation, and/or hand weeding are most likely the key to success in conservation specialty crop systems.

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Weed Management in Corn

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-wg007-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jason A. Ferrell ◽

Gregory E. MacDonald ◽

Pratap Devkota

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Growing Season ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Corn Production ◽

Late Season ◽

Equipment Operation ◽

Good Management

Successful weed control is essential for economical corn production in Florida. Weeds reduce corn yields by competing for moisture, nutrients, and light during the growing season and interfere with harvest. Producing a good corn crop is only half the battle and will not be profitable unless the corn can be harvested. Late-season weeds can result in excessive yield loss, inefficient equipment operation, and provide a source of weed seed for the following season. Weeds can be controlled in corn; however, this involves good management practices in all phases of corn production.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wg007

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Application of CaCl2 Sprays Earlier in the Season May Reduce Bitter Pit Incidence in 'Braeburn' Apple

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.6.1850 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1850-1853 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Gerry Neilsen ◽

Denise Neilsen ◽

Shufu Dong ◽

Peter Toivonen ◽

Frank Peryea

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Growing Season ◽

Early Application ◽

Early Season ◽

Late Season ◽

Soil Calcium ◽

Bitter Pit ◽

History Of ◽

Spray Regimes

Calcium application trials were undertaken in a 'Braeburn' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) orchard with a history of bitter pit development at harvest. In 2000, an early season calcium chloride application strategy was compared with the unsprayed control and a late season application strategy. From 2001–03, the assessment of timing of calcium chloride sprays was extended by comparing effects of five weekly sprays applied during the growing season either early, middle, or late season. Other Ca application strategies tested included sprays of acidified calcium carbonate suspensions and soil application of calcium thiosulphate. In the first experiment, early application of calcium chloride reduced the occurrence of bitter pit at harvest and after 3 months cold air storage, despite having low harvest fruit Ca concentrations. Late sprayed fruit had a higher incidence of bitter pit. In the second experiment, the later calcium chloride was sprayed in the growing season, the higher the fruit Ca concentration at harvest. Despite this, no bitter pit was measured at harvest for 2 years for early and midseason calcium chloride spray regimes. In 2003, when Ca disorders were severe and fruit large, bitter pit was observed despite early season calcium chloride sprays. Soil calcium thiosulphate application and foliar sprays of acidified calcium carbonate suspensions failed to meaningfully augment harvest fruit Ca concentrations and affect bitter pit incidence.

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Herbicide, Leaf Type, and Row Spacing Response in Cotton

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450003808x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 496-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. A. Andries ◽

A. G. Douglas ◽

A. W. Cole

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Total Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Normal Leaf ◽

Early Season ◽

Leaf Type ◽

Late Season ◽

Herbicide Programs ◽

Isogenic Strains

Near isogenic strains of okra, super okra and normal leaf cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were grown in rows spaced 25, 50, and 100 cm apart and were sprayed with various combinations of trifluralin (α,α,α,trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea]. Neither row spacing nor leaf type had any effect on early season weed control. Late season control was better with normal and okra leaf types than with the super okra leaf type. Weed control was significantly better with additional postemergence application of herbicides than with only preplant and preemergence applications. Although the cotton varied in opening date with herbicide programs there was no difference in total yield.

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014 Weed Control and Productivity of Field-grown Cut Flowers

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.443b ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 443B-443

Author(s):

E. Jay Holcomb ◽

Tracey L. Harpster ◽

Robert D. Berghage ◽

Larry J. Kuhns

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Soil Surface ◽

High Rate ◽

Crop Plant ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Early Season ◽

Organic Mulch ◽

Late Season ◽

Preemergence Herbicides

A set of studies was established in Summer 1998 to determine the tolerance of field-grown cut flower species to specific preemergence herbicides, the effectiveness of weed control by those materials, and to determine if productivity of cut flowers is affected either by the herbicides or by colored mulches. Pendimethalin provided excellent early season weed control, but poor late-season control. It consistently caused injury at 4 lb a.i./A and sometimes at the 2 lb a.i./A rate. Oryzalin provided good to excellent weed control, but slightly injured celosia and zinnia when applied at 4 lb a.i./A. Napropamide provided excellent early season weed control, but marginally acceptable weed control later in the season. Though napropamide caused some injury to celosia early in the season when applied at the high rate, no injury to any of the plants was observed later in the season. Prodiamine and trifluralin were the overall safest of the herbicides, but they provided the weakest weed control. OH-2 was very effective when placed on the soil surface, but was less effective when placed on an organic mulch. The organic mulch was designed to keep the OH-2 particles from splashing on to the crop plant and injuring the plants. OH-2 tended to be safer placed on a mulch than on the soil surface, but statice was slightly injured even when a mulch was used.

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Duration of Enhanced Soil Degradation of EPTC as Influenced by Herbicide Rotation, Time, and Location

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500075317 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 524-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brent W. Bean ◽

Fred W. Roeth ◽

Alex R. Martin ◽

Robert G. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Time Use ◽

Soil Degradation ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

Laboratory Analysis ◽

Reversion Rate ◽

Early Season ◽

Late Season ◽

Rotation Time ◽

First Time

Soils did not remain enhanced for EPTC degradation when EPTC was applied in a biennial rotation with cyanazine, cycloate, or alachlor as indicated by laboratory analysis and early-season weed control in the year of EPTC use. Control of late-season weeds was less when EPTC was rotated with alachlor than with a first-time use of EPTC. EPTC degradation remained enhanced in an EPTC-butylate rotation. The reversion rate of soil from an enhanced condition to normality was gradual and varied with location, year, and number of prior EPTC applications. At Clay Center and Scottsbluff, soils reverted to a nonenhanced EPTC degradation rate 18 months after initial EPTC application. At Scottsbluff, soil was not enhanced for EPTC degradation 18 months after the second of two annual EPTC applications. Soil from Clay Center was partially enhanced for EPTC degradation 18 months after the second of two annual EPTC applications but was not enhanced after 30 months.

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