Herbicide, Leaf Type, and Row Spacing Response in Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Andries ◽  
A. G. Douglas ◽  
A. W. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Leaf Type ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Isogenic Strains

Near isogenic strains of okra, super okra and normal leaf cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were grown in rows spaced 25, 50, and 100 cm apart and were sprayed with various combinations of trifluralin (α,α,α,trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea]. Neither row spacing nor leaf type had any effect on early season weed control. Late season control was better with normal and okra leaf types than with the super okra leaf type. Weed control was significantly better with additional postemergence application of herbicides than with only preplant and preemergence applications. Although the cotton varied in opening date with herbicide programs there was no difference in total yield.

Effects of Simulated MSMA Drift on Rice (Oryza sativa) Growth and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Richard ◽  
H. R. Hurst ◽  
R. D. Wauchope
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Over The Top

Levels of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) that simulated drift (0.2, 0.39, and 0.78 kg/ha) were applied over-the-top to rice (Oryza sativaL. ‘Vista’, ‘Starbonnet’, or ‘Labelle’) after flooding at four developmental stages between early tillering and late jointing. The MSMA rates used were equivalent to, or lower than, the 0.78-kg/ha rate that would be applied as an over-the-top application to cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) for early season weed control. Over-the-top applications of MSMA did not affect heading and maturity dates of filled grains regardless of the rate or application timing. Reductions occurred, however, in plant height, number of panicles, and yield. In addition, the percentage of erect panicles showing typical “straighthead” symptoms increased. Rice sensitivity to MSMA depended on MSMA rate and stage of growth with injury being most severe as rice approached the reproductive stages of development. Because aerial applications of MSMA to cotton are normally made before rice reaches the reproductive stage, injury resulting from MSMA drift should be minimal.

Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Flumetsulam, Cloransulam, and Diclosulam

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Andrew C. Bennett ◽  
Donald L. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

Cloransulam postemergence (POST), diclosulam preemergence (PRE), and flumetsulam preplant incorporated (PPI) and POST were evaluated in six trials at two locations for control of sicklepod and pitted morningglory in soybean. Sicklepod control with cloransulam plus flumetsulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron POST in seven of eight comparisons both 3 and 6 wk after treatment. Sicklepod control with cloransulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron in only three of eight comparisons 3 wk after treatment, but late-season control was equivalent in five of six comparisons. Pitted morningglory control with cloransulam alone or in tank-mixture with flumetsulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron in all comparisons. Control of sicklepod and pitted morningglory was greater in most comparisons when a POST application followed flumetsulam plus trifluralin PPI compared to only trifluralin PPI. In a total PRE stale seedbed system, where all treatments were tank-mixed with pendimethalin plus glyphosate, sicklepod control with all rates of flumetsulam and 26 or 35 g ai/ha diclosulam was equivalent to the standard treatment of imazaquin or metribuzin plus chlorimuron. None of the total PRE programs controlled sicklepod as well as when glyphosate was applied sequentially POST. Pitted morningglory was controlled 83 to 93% with 26 or 35 g/ha diclosulam, equivalent to imazaquin, metribuzin plus chlorimuron, or sequential glyphosate applications 8 wk after the PRE application. Increasing flumetsulam rate increased pitted morningglory control early season, but flumetsulam was not as effective as the other herbicides.

scholarly journals 619 Temporal and Spatial Weed Control Effects on Tart Cherry Orchards

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 554C-554
Author(s):  
Yahya K. Al-Hinai ◽  
Teryl R. Roper
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
June July ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

This experiment was conducted to determine temporal and spatial weed management characteristics for tart cherry orchards. Annual ryegrass and lambsquarter were planted in tree rows of a 14-year-old tart cherry orchard. Vegetation was controlled with nonresidual herbicides (Gramoxone + B-1956) either all season, May, June, July, August, before harvest, after harvest, or not controlled. Shoot growth measurements showed significantly more growth by trees without weed competition during the entire season, May, June, and before harvest compared to the weedy control and postharvest, July, or August treatments. Weedy early season plots reduced the shoot growth by half. All season, before harvest, May, and June weed-free plots showed higher amounts of leaf N compared with weedy controls or late-season treatments. Early season weed control is more important than late season. Vegetation-free areas of 0, 2, 3, and 4 m2 were maintained during 1998 by postemergence herbicides. Tissue analysis showed higher N concentration in leaves with vegetation controlled to 2 m2 or more compared to the weedy control. The critical vegetation free area for young cherry trees is between 0 and 2 m2.

Effects of Integrated Polyethylene and Cover Crop Mulch, Conservation Tillage, and Herbicide Application on Weed Control, Yield, and Economic Returns in Watermelon

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Jacob P. Williams ◽  
Leah A. Duzy ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Elizabeth A. Guertal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Production System ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

AbstractA 3-yr watermelon experiment was established in fall 2013 to evaluate cover crop, polyethylene mulch, tillage, and herbicide application components for weed control, yield, and profitability. Conservation tillage, either with a cereal rye cover crop alone or integrated with polyethylene mulch, was compared to the standard industry practice of conventional tillage with bedded polyethylene mulch. The study also used a non-bedded conventional tillage system without polyethylene to determine polyethylene and cover crop residue effects. Within each of the four systems, herbicide treatments comprised halosulfuron applied (1) at 26.3 g ai ha–1PRE, (2) at 26.3 g ai ha–1POST, or (3) sequentially at 26.3 g ai ha–1PRE and POST. Each system also had a nontreated control. In addition, clethodim was applied in all plots twice POST at 140 g ai ha–1, except for nontreated in each system. In 2014, polyethylene or cereal rye cover crop effectively controlled tall morningglory, coffee senna, and carpetweed early season in nontreated plots, whereas the integration of the two was effective at controlling common purslane. Tall morningglory and purslane control was insufficient late season regardless of production system and herbicide application. In 2015, polyethylene effectively controlled cutleaf eveningprimrose, sicklepod, and arrowleaf sida early season in nontreated plots. Yellow nutsedge control was insufficient late season regardless of production system and herbicide application. Utilizing sequential halosulfuron applications did not increase weed control over PRE or POST alone in all years. Polyethylene use resulted in yields higher than systems without in all years. Across all 3 yr, net returns were highest for polyethylene mulch systems. The results of this experiment underscore the need for more progress in developing integrated conservation systems for watermelon production. Effective herbicides, low-disturbance cultivation, and/or hand weeding are most likely the key to success in conservation specialty crop systems.

scholarly journals Control of Weeds in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Using Flumioxazin1

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
B. A. Besler ◽  
K. D. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Flumioxazin in combination with ethalfluralin provided early-season control of eclipta, pitted morningglory, and Texas panicum. Metolachlor plus flumioxazin failed to adequately control pitted morningglory (less than 80%), while flumioxazin did not control yellow nutsedge. Eclipta control with flumioxazin plus dimethenamid, imazethapyr, or metolachlor combinations were at least 99%. When flumioxazin was used in combination with dimethenamid, imazethapyr, or metolachlor, late-season yellow nutsedge control was greater than 70%. Late-season eclipta control was greater than 80% with flumioxazin alone, dimethenamid plus flumioxazin applied preemergence (PRE), ethalfluralin applied preplant incorporated (PPI) followed by (fb) flumioxazin at 0.07 kg/ha applied PRE, imazethapyr plus flumioxazin at 0.09 kg/ha applied PRE, metolachlor plus flumioxazin combinations applied PRE, or ethalfluralin applied PPI fb imazapic applied postemergence (POST). Late-season pitted morningglory control was less than 65% for all herbicide programs. Flumioxazin alone controlled no greater than 25% pitted morningglory, while ethalfluralin plus flumioxazin combinations controlled less than 48%. Late-season, flumioxazin alone controlled less than 70% Texas panicum, while ethalfluralin alone provided 84% control. All ethalfluralin plus flumioxazin combinations controlled 70 to 83% Texas panicum, while imazethapyr or metolachlor plus flumioxazin combinations controlled less than 70%. Yellow nutsedge control was greater than 70% with imazethapyr or metolachlor plus flumioxazin combinations.

scholarly journals Flumioxazin for Weed Control in Texas Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
A. Edwin Colburn
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1993 to evaluate flumioxazin alone and in various herbicide programs for weed control in peanut. Flumioxazin alone provided inconsistent control of annual grasses, while the addition of pendimethalin or trifluralin improved control considerably. Pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.] control was > 75% when flumioxazin was used alone. Flumioxazin caused early season peanut stunting with some recovery within 4 to 6 wk. Postemergence applications of imazethapyr or lactofen increased peanut stunting.

Assessment of New Herbicide Programs for Cowpea Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-283
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Rouse ◽  
Nilda Roma-Burgos ◽  
Leopoldo E. Estorninos ◽  
Teal M. Penka
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Crop Stand

Cowpea is a major specialty crop in the southern US. In recent years, no new herbicide programs have been evaluated for cowpea despite additional herbicide registrations. Studies were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at Fayetteville and Kibler, Arkansas to assess new herbicide programs for cowpea production. The herbicide programs included: three commercial standard programs; fomesafen (PPL, 0.21 kgha−1)-, flumioxazin (PPL, 0.21 kgha−1)-, and halosulfuron (PPL, 0.054 kgha−1)-based programs with or withoutS-metolachlor (1.12 kgha−1) fb imazethapyr (0.07 kgha−1); and two sets of sulfentrazone (PPL/PRE)-based programs applied alone (0.21 kgha−1) or as a pre-mixture with carfentrazone (0.11 kgha−1+0.01 kgha−1) with or withoutS-metolachlor (1.12 kgha−1). The sulfentrazone-based programs included POST applications of imazethapyr fb sethoxydim (0.32 kgha−1) or fluthiacet-methyl (0.0067 kgha−1) and sethoxydim as necessary. In 2014 and 2015, crop stand loss was minimal and crop injury was generally low (<20%). Weed control from sulfentrazone- and flumioxazin-based programs was excellent (>90%). In 2016, with heavy rainfall around planting time, sulfentrazone-containing programs reduced cowpea yield 45% to 60%. Flumioxazin-based programs caused >85% injury at Kibler early-season, which lasted until harvest. Heavy rainfall also reduced efficacy of residual herbicides. In general, the sulfentrazone- and flumioxazin-based treatments consistently yielded similar to the weed-free controls. The majority of the programs had <60% weed control in Fayetteville early in the season. POST herbicides improved weed control to >90% in most treatments. Palmer amaranth and annual grass control was generally better in Kibler, with >80% control at harvest. Sulfentrazone is registered for cowpea and is effective on Palmer amaranth, but growers need to be careful about where and when to use it. Flumioxazin should be considered for registration in cowpea once its use pattern and location-specific recommendations are well defined.

Multiple Applications of Reduced-Rate Herbicides for Weed Control in Onion

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Loken ◽  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Reduced Rate

Field experiments were conducted at Oakes, Absaraka, and Tappen, ND, in 2006 and repeated at Oakes and Absaraka, ND, in 2007 to evaluate early season weed control of common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed in onion with POST herbicides applied at multiple reduced rates (microrates) and to determine whether microrate herbicide treatments effectively reduced early season broadleaf weed competition, caused crop injury, or affected yield. Application rates of bromoxynil, oxyfluorfen, metribuzin, and acifluorfen were reduced to 0.25, 0.13, and 0.06× of their lowest labeled rate and applied in sequential applications (every 7 d) either two or three times. The 0.25× rate of bromoxynil (70.1 g ae/ha) provided the greatest control of common lambsquarters (95%). The 0.25× rates of bromoxynil and oxyfluorfen (70.1 g ai/ha) provided the greatest control of redroot pigweed (93 and 85%, respectively). Microrate applications of metribuzin or acifluorfen did not effectively control common lambsquarters or redroot pigweed. In 2006, no onion injury was observed. However, in 2007, applications of oxyfluorfen resulted in approximately 15% injury, regardless of the herbicide rate or the number of applications. Plants outgrew symptoms by 4 wk after treatment and were similar to the untreated plants. Onion treated with oxyfluorfen had the greatest total yield, followed by onion treated with bromoxynil. Onion treated with acifluorfen had a greater total marketable bulb yield than onion treated with metribuzin, but yield was considered poor compared to the other herbicide treatments. Three microrate applications provided greater weed control and increased yield compared with two applications across herbicides and rates. Results suggest that microrate applications of bromoxynil and oxyfluorfen will provide early season broadleaf weed control in onion.

Full-Season Weed Control in Sugarbeets

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Significant Injury ◽  
Additional Labor

Sequential application of cycloate (S-ethyl N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate) at 3.4 kg/ha, phenmedipham (methylm-hydroxycarbanilatem-methylcarbanilate) at 1.1 kg/ha, and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 0.6 or 0.8 kg/ha, plus certain mechanical measures, controlled weeds during all periods of the growing season without significant injury to sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL.). Early-season weed control was complete enough that the new selective mechanical thinners could have replaced labor for thinning. The additional labor required to bring the crop to harvest free of weeds was limited to one late-season hoeing, which required less than 10% of the total labor required in traditional weed control schedules without herbicides.

Carrot weed management programs without linuron herbicide

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 490-494
Author(s):  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Richard A. Rittmeyer ◽  
Daniel J. Heider
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Herbicide Programs

AbstractLinuron herbicide has been a mainstay of carrot weed management for years, but uncertainty around regulatory registration review and an increased prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds have spurred interest in identifying alternatives that can be readily adopted in production. With this context in mind, herbicide programs were evaluated on a coarse-textured, low organic matter soil in 2015 and 2016. Season-long weed control without compromising yield was possible with weed management programs that included prometryn POST instead of linuron. With that said, a PRE herbicide such as pendimethalin was critical to establish an early-season competitive advantage for carrot plants over weeds, and careful attention should be paid to the prometryn rate, as selectivity is marginal. Carrot is often interseeded with a grain nurse crop to mitigate risk of wind erosion. Nurse crop injury was minimal where S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, or prometryn was applied at rates labeled for PRE use in carrot, with the exception of where prometryn was applied at rates above 1.1 kg ai ha−1.

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