Yellow (Cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are not injured by increasing root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) population density

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Stephen H. Thomas ◽  
Leigh W. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Threshold Response ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
The Relationship

Greenhouse studies in 1995 and 1996 examined the response of yellow and purple nutsedge to inoculation with increasing densities of southern root-knot nematodes. Yellow and purple nutsedge root and shoot weight, numbers of leaves and tubers produced, and tuber weight were unaffected across 17 nematode inoculum densities that ranged from 0 to 20,000 eggs per 15-cm pot, four times the maximum nematode density recorded under field conditions in New Mexico. Hence, yellow and purple nutsedge do not exhibit a classic threshold response to root-knot nematodes. Moreover, the results suggest that the relationship between these nematodes and perennial nutsedges is an example of a positive biological interaction. The relationship between root-knot nematodes and purple nutsedge appears to be one of commensalism, because while the nematodes reproduced effectively, purple nutsedge reproduction was not related to final nematode populations. The relationship between yellow nutsedge and root-knot nematodes appears to be a mutually beneficial one, because yellow nutsedge tuber number and weight and root weight increased as final nematode populations increased. However, while both nutsedges were unaffected in the absence of the association, root-knot nematodes cannot survive without a host plant.

Selective Exposure of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), and False Green Kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima) to Postemergence Herbicides

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis W. Gannon ◽  
Fred H. Yelverton ◽  
Lane P. Tredway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of selective herbicide placement on sedge shoot number, shoot weight, and root weight. Sulfentrazone, sulfosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron were applied to soil only, foliage only, or soil plus foliage. Sulfentrazone provided greater yellow nutsedge and false green kyllinga growth reduction compared to purple nutsedge. Sulfosulfuron provided greater purple nutsedge and false green kyllinga growth reduction compared to yellow nutsedge; these species responded similarly to trifloxysulfuron. Soil and soil plus foliar applications provided the highest level of growth suppression, indicating herbicide–soil contact is required for optimum sedge control with these three herbicides. Future research should evaluate techniques that optimize herbicide–soil contact to improve herbicide efficacy.

Yellow and Purple Nutsedge and Chile Peppers Host Southern Root-Knot Nematode

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Stephen H. Thomas ◽  
Leigh Murray
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Chile Pepper ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Chile Peppers ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Yellow and purple nutsedge and southern root-knot nematode are common pests in intensively managed chile pepper production. Greenhouse studies were conducted to identify relationships among nutsedge species, chile peppers, and root-knot nematode. All practical combinations of the plant species and nematodes were grown together in pots for 14 wk. Both nutsedges and root-knot nematode reduced chile pepper height over time with no interaction. Competition from purple nutsedge or either nutsedge species plus nematodes reduced chile pepper top weight more than yellow nutsedge or nematodes alone. All pest combinations reduced chile pepper root weight. Chile pepper and nematodes individually reduced rates of shoot production, as well as top and belowground weights of yellow and purple nutsedge. Chile pepper and purple and yellow nutsedge hosted root-knot nematode host race 3. Nematode egg production was greater on chile pepper roots than on either nutsedge species. Purple nutsedge growing with chile pepper increased nematode production g−1 of chile pepper root. Purple nutsedge grown with chile pepper was the most detrimental for chile pepper growth, but most efficient for maintaining the root-knot nematode population on the least amount of root biomass. Since root-knot nematode infests yellow and purple nutsedge, and few nematicides are available for nematode control, root-knot nematode cannot be managed with crop rotation if nutsedge is not controlled.

Evaluation of the Relative Phytotoxicity of Herbicides to Cotton and Nutsedge

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
C. H. Carter ◽  
J. H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Low Rate

The following herbicides were evaluated for relative phytotoxicity to cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-1′), purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.), and yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) under greenhouse conditions: 2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide (alachlor); 2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide (CP-53619); 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione (VCS-438); 4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone (San-6706); 2-(α naphthoxy)-N,N-diethyl-propionamide (R-7465); andS-isopropyl 5-ethyl-2-methyl-piperidine-1-carbiothioate (R-12001). Herbicides were incorporated 6.35 cm deep, at rates of 1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 kg/ha, into a fine sandy loam prior to planting. All treatments except the low rate of alachlor and VCS-438 controlled yellow nutsedge for 8 weeks. R-7465 and R-12001 at 1.12 kg/ha and San-6706 at 2.24 kg/ha controlled purple nutsedge for 8 weeks. Alachlor and CP-53619 were somewhat less effective against purple nutsedge than yellow nutsedge, but their intermediate rates suppressed purple nutsedge for 4 weeks. Even the high rate of VCS-438 was ineffective against purple nutsedge. Cotton, in terms of fresh shoot weight, exhibited considerable tolerance to 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha of VCS-438 and CP-53619 and 1.12 kg/ha of R-7465. Applications of 2.24 kg/ha of CP-53619 and 1.12 kg/ha of R-7465, however, suppressed the development of lateral roots of cotton. Other rates of these herbicides and all rates of alachlor, R-12001, and San-6706 moderately to severely injured cotton in most of the experiments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Organic Amendments against Rice Root-KnotNematode at Seedling Stage of Rice

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabin Kumar Dangal ◽  
D. Sharma Poudyal ◽  
S. M. Shrestha ◽  
C. Adhikari ◽  
J. M. Duxbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Lesion Severity

Pot experiment was conducted during July-September 2006 to evaluate some organic amendments such as sesame (Sesamum indicum) biomass, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) biomass, neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, chinaberry (Melia azedarch) leaves and chicken manure @ 1, 2 and 3 t ha-1 each against the rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden & Birchfield) in direct seeded rice. The treatments were replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. The number of second stage juveniles (J2) of M. graminicola was significantly low in chicken manure @ 3 t ha-1. The root knot severity index was significantly low in sesame @ 3 t ha-1, chinaberry @ 3, 2 or 1 t ha-1, neem @ 3 t ha-1 and chicken manure @ 2 or 3 t ha-1 amended soil but root lesion severity index was lower only in chicken manure @ 2 t ha-1 treated plots. The fresh shoot weight and length were significantly high in chicken manure amendment @ 2 or 3 t ha-1 at 45th day after seeding. However, the fresh root weight, length, number of leaves and number of J2 recovered from the roots were non-significant. Key words: biomass; juveniles; Meloidogyne graminicola; root-knot severity index; root lesion severity index DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3160 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 21-27

Description of Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusandC. esculentus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Southern California ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
The World

Both purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. # CYPRO) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL. # CYPES) are problem weeds in crops in many parts of the world. Yellow nutsedge is found in all U.S. states. Purple nutsedge is confined to the southern region of the United States, ranging from North Carolina across southern Arkansas and into southern California.

Response of Purple and Yellow Nutsedge to Dichlobenil

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Hardcastle ◽  
R. E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers were stored at 5 C in soil treated at 0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or 10 lb/A 2,6-dichlorobenzontrile (dichlobenil) for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 weeks. Respiration of dormant tubers differed with species, unaffected by period of storage or dichlobenil concentration. Sprouting of untreated tubers decreased from 90% after 2 weeks storage to 43% after 12 weeks. Yellow nutsedge sprout production was uniform in time; purple nutsedge sprouting progressed to an 8-week high. Increased concentrations of dichlobenil progressively inhibited sprouting.

Effect of Interspecific Interference, Light Intensity, and Soil Moisture on Soybean (Glycine max), Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), and Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Water Uptake

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Jones ◽  
Robert H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
The Relationship

Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments with potted plants were conducted to determine the effects of interspecific root and canopy interference, light intensity, and soil moisture on water uptake and biomass of soybean, common cocklebur, and sicklepod. Canopy interference and canopy plus root interference of soybean with common cocklebur increased soybean water uptake per plant and per unit leaf area. Root interference with soybean decreased common cocklebur water uptake per plant. Canopy interference of soybean with sicklepod increased soybean water uptake per unit leaf area, while root interference decreased uptake per plant. Combined root and canopy interference with soybean decreased water uptake per plant for sicklepod. Soybean leaf area and shoot weight were reduced by root interference with both weeds. Common cocklebur and sicklepod leaf area and shoot weight were reduced by root and canopy interference with soybeans. Only common cocklebur root weight decreased when canopies interfered and roots did not. The relationship between light intensity and water uptake per unit leaf area was linear in both years with water uptake proportional to light intensity. In 1991 water uptake response to tight was greater for common cocklebur than for sicklepod. The relationship between soil moisture level and water uptake was logarithmic. Common cocklebur water uptake was two times that of soybean or sicklepod at −2 kPa of pressure potential. In 1991 common cocklebur water uptake decreased at a greater rate than soybean or sicklepod in response to pressure potential changes from −2 to −100 kPa.

Reactions of Several Crops to Dichlobenil

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Hardcastle ◽  
R. E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Tolerance of corn (Zea maysL. ‘B’), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘coker 413’), soybean (Glycine maxMerr. ‘Hardee’), turnip (Brassica rapaL. ‘Tendergreen’), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. ‘Georgia 615’), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL.), and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) at 0, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha in four Georgia soils was determined. Equivalent rates of dichlobenil generally were more toxic in Davidson clay loam which had the highest clay content. Crop tolerance was corn > sorghum > cotton > turnip. Purple and yellow nutsedge tolerance to dichlobenil was intermediate to that of the crops tested. Johnsongrass response was equivalent to that shown by sorghum.

Control of Nutsedge with Organic Arsenical Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Nonradioactive and14C-labeled arsenical herbicides were applied to foliage of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) grown under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. Disodium methanearsonate (DSMA) controlled purple nutsedge better at 20 and 29 C than at 13 C. Monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) was as effective in controlling this weed at 13 C as at 20 and 29 C. DSMA and MSMA provided 80% or greater control of yellow nutsedge grown at the three temperatures. When plants were treated with14C-DSMA and14C-MSMA, greater radioactivity was detected in yellow nutsedge than in purple nutsedge. The apparent differential herbicide penetration of purple and yellow nutsedge leaves is believed to have contributed substantially to the control of nutsedge observed in this study.

Response of purple (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow nutsedges (C. esculentus) to selective placement of sulfentrazone

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
H. Gary Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Selective Placement

A series of greenhouse studies examined the effectiveness of PRE- and POST-applied sulfentrazone in controlling purple and yellow nutsedge as influenced by selective tissue exposure. In addition,14C-sulfentrazone was utilized to contrast absorption and translocation resulting from these exposures. Consistent control with preemergence applications to germinating tubers was obtained with a combined root and shoot zone exposure. Yellow nutsedge was more susceptible than purple nutsedge. Performance of the separate root and shoot zone exposure was soil pH- and nutsedge-species dependent. POST-foliar applications to established nutsedge were more effective when sulfentrazone was allowed to contact the soil surface.14C-sulfentrazone was readily absorbed by the roots and translocated to the foliage of both species in hydroponic culture.

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