Cyperus esculentusinterference inCucumis sativus

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Benjamin G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Density And Biomass

Field studies were conducted near Tifton, GA, from 1995 to 1997 to measureCyperus esculentus(yellow nutsedge) interference with ‘Fancipack’Cucumis sativus(cucumber) using a response prediction experiment with a natural infestation ofC. esculentus. Cucumis sativuswas direct-seeded each year. Plots (1.8 by 1.8 m) were established immediately after crop emergence.Cyperus esculentusplants were counted 2 wk after crop emergence in each plot, at which time four weed-free plots were randomly established.C. esculentusdensities ranged from 0 to 955 plants m−2. Total yield, plant biomass, andC. sativusstand were regressed againstC. esculentusdensity and biomass. Regression analysis showed a 5% reduction inC. sativusyield with aC esculentusinfestation of approximately 15 plants m−2. A uniformC. sativusstand maximized its competitive ability and minimized interference fromC. esculentus. Cyperus esculentuswas more competitive and reducedC. sativusyields whenC. sativusstands were low and nonuniform.

Yellow Nutsedge Control with MBR-8251

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Gentner
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus

Equimolar concentrations of 4-phenylsulfonyltrifluoromethanesulfono-o-toluidide (hereafter referred to as MBR-8251),S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), and 2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide (alachlor) were compared using a quartz gravel nutrient culture method for detecting toxicity to yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.), okra (Hibiscus esculentusL.), cabbage (Brassica oleraciavar.captataL.), cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.), and flax (Linum ustitatissimumL.). MBR-8251 was more active on yellow nutsedge than EPTC or alachlor, and MBR-8251 treated nutlets were controlled for a longer period. In general, crops were more tolerant of MBR-8251. Field studies comparing the effectiveness of MBR-8251 to EPTC,S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate), 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine), 3-isopropyl-2,1,3-benzothiazinone-(4)-2,2-dioxide-6,7,8 (BAS-3510), alachlor, and 2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-6′-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide (MON-097) indicated that after 10 weeks yellow nutsedge control was excellent with MBR-8251, MON-097, and alachlor.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Interface in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Benjamin G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Natural Infestation

Abstract Studies were conducted from 1997 to 1999 at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA to measure the full-season interference of yellow nutsedge in peanut using a response prediction experiment with a natural infestation of yellow nutsedge. Seeds of cultivar Georgia Green were planted in May each year, and plots were established immediately after crop emergence. Plots were 1.8 m by 1.8 m. with six replications. Yellow nutsedge plants were counted 28 d after crop emergence in each plot, and six weed-free plots were randomly established. Parameters measured were peanut yield and yellow nutsedge tuber contamination in harvested peanut. Yellow nutsedge densities ranged from 0 to 169 plants/m2. Regression analysis indicated a 25% reduction in peanut yield with a yellow nutsedge infestation of approximately 68 plants/m2. Each yellow nutsedge plant/m2 reduced peanut yield by 13 kg/ha. There was a positive linear response between yellow nutsedge density and number of tubers contaminating harvested peanut. Tuber contamination increased by 5190 tubers/ha for every yellow nutsedge plant/m2. The results indicated that yellow nutsedge is a poor competitor with peanut. However, tuber contamination in harvested peanuts should be considered when using these results in developing treatment thresholds.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Competitive Nature

Field studies were conducted from 1986 through 1988 to evaluate various herbicides for yellow nutsedge control and peanut yields. Three applications of pyridate provided control comparable to two applications of bentazon with yellow nutsedge regrowth beginning 3 to 4 wk after application depending on moisture conditions. Crop oil concentrate did not improve the activity of pyridate. Flurtamone provided control comparable with that of metolachlor. Nutsedge control with fomesafen was erratic with peanut injury noted. Peanut yields did not reflect the competitive nature of nutsedge.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) as Influenced by Method of Metolachlor Application

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
A. Edwin Colburn ◽  
Paul A. Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Field studies conducted from 1989 through 1991 evaluated methods of metolachlor application including POST followed by irrigation for yellow nutsedge control and peanut response. Metolachlor PPI stunted peanut in two of three years while metolachlor applied at emergence, 10, 20, or 30 days after peanut emergence (DAE) caused no peanut injury. Metolachlor 20 DAE provided > 95% yellow nutsedge control. Metolachlor soil-applied and again POST controlled yellow nutsedge at least 70%; however, some peanut stunting was noted. Bentazon plus metolachlor at 2.24 kg ai/ha controlled yellow nutsedge at least 92% when applied 30 DAE. Peanut yields were consistently the highest with metolachlor PRE at 1.40 kg ai/ha followed by a POST application of 1.40 kg ai/ha at 45 DAE.

scholarly journals Density and Time of Emergence of Yellow Nutsedge Affect Squash Yield

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 845D-846
Author(s):  
J. Pablo Morales-Payan* ◽  
William M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Direct Seeded

A field experiment was conducted in Live Oak, Fla., to determine the effect of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) (YN) density and time of emergence on the yield of direct-seeded squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). YN densities (0, 20, 40, 60, and 100 plants/m2) were established from tubers planted at different times onto polyethylene-mulched beds, so that YN would emerge the same day as the crop or 5, 15, or 25 days later than the crop (DLTC). YN was not controlled after its emergence. The extent of squash yield loss was affected by YN density and time of emergence. When YN emerged the same day as the crop, the yield of squash was reduced by ≈7% (20 YN/m2) to 20% (100 YN/m2). When YN emerged 15 DLTC, crop yield loss was ≈13% at the density of 100 YN/m2>. Regardless of density, YN emerging 25 DLTC did not significantly reduce crop yield as compared to weed-free squash. Thus, in soils with high YN densities (≈100 viable tubers/m2) herbicides and/or other means of YN suppression in squash should be effective for at least 25 days after crop emergence to prevent significant yield loss. If squash yield losses <5% were acceptable, YN control may not be necessary when densities <20 YN/m2 emerge at any time during the squash season or when <100 YN/m2 emerge >25 DLTC. However, YN emerging during the first 15 days of the squash season may produce tubers, which could increase the YN population at the beginning of the following crop season.

Imidazolinone Herbicide Systems for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
Gerald Wiley ◽  
F. Robert Walls ◽  
Stan R. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Cassia Occidentalis ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Abstract Field studies conducted in 1990 and 1991 at five locations in Georgia and one location in Virginia in 1991 evaluated imazethapyr [2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(l-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid] and AC 263,222 [(±)-2[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(l-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid] for weed control, peanut tolerance, and yield. Imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied early postemergence (EPOST) controlled smallflower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb], Ipomoea morningglory species, prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.) greater than 90%. Imazethapyr did not control Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW.) DC.] or sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) adequately, with control generally less than 40%. AC 263,222 controlled Florida beggarweed greater than 92% when applied EPOST and from 54 to 100% when applied postemergence (POST). Imazethapyr applied preplant incorporated (PPI) controlled bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidium DC.) 89% and imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied EPOST controlled at least 96%. Imazethapyr controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) 83% when applied PPI and 93% as an EPOST application. AC 263,222 controlled yellow nutsedge at least 90%. Peanut yields were higher with AC 263,222 than with imazethapyr. Imazethapyr systems that included alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide), lactofen ([(±)2-ethoxy-l-methyl-2-oxoethyl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate] + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid], paraquat [1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion] + 2,4-DB, pyridate [O-(6-chloro-3-phenyl-4-pyridazinyl)-S-octyl carbonothioate] + 2,4-DB, metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide], or 2,4-DB provided yields equivalent to AC 263,222.

Barriers Prevent Emergence of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in Annual Plasticulture Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Maren J. Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Hand Weeding

Yellow nutsedge is a problematic weed in plasticulture strawberry because herbicides and fumigants currently used in California provide little to no control and because nutsedge shoots easily penetrate standard low-density polyethylene (LDPE) mulch to rapidly establish and compete with the crop. Field studies were conducted at two California locations near Oxnard and Camarillo from 2007 to 2009 to evaluate yellow nutsedge control with physical barriers. Nutsedge germinated in both autumn and spring through LDPE mulch alone, but paper placed between two layers of standard 0.15-mm black LDPE mulch, weed barrier fabric commonly used in landscapes placed under LDPE mulch, and Tyvek Home Wrap placed under LDPE mulch suppressed nutsedge emergence. In 1 yr, the size of strawberry plants grown with weed barrier fabric was reduced 23% compared with the other treatments and the number of marketable fruit in the third month of harvest was reduced 20% compared with LDPE mulch alone, likely because inadequately cut planting holes in this barrier restricted plant growth. Estimated costs for barrier treatments ranged from $5,000 to $12,000 ha−1compared with estimated hand-weeding costs of up to $24,000 ha−1. In 2007 to 2008 barrier treatments reduced the number of wind-dispersed weeds that commonly land and germinate in strawberry planting holes 67% compared with LDPE mulch alone. Removing the barriers at the end of the two seasons revealed that nutsedge plants sprouted but failed to grow and produce new tubers under the barriers. This observation suggests that nutsedge-impermeable barriers may aid in depletion of the soil tuber bank and therefore can be an effective tool in managing nutsedge for the length of the growing season.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus Esculentus) Control and Peanut Tolerance toS-Metolachlor and Diclosulam Combinations

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Rolling Plains

Field studies were conducted in different peanut-growing areas of Texas during the 1999 through 2001 growing seasons to evaluate yellow nutsedge control and peanut tolerance to diclosulam alone applied PRE,S-metolachlor alone applied POST, or diclosulam applied PRE followed by (fb)S-metolachlor applied POST. Yellow nutsedge control was > 80% at five of six locations when diclosulam at 0.018 or 0.026 kg/ha applied PRE was fbS-metolachlor applied POST at 0.56, 1.12, or 1.46 kg ai/ha. Peanut stunting was noted with diclosulam at the High Plains locations but not at the Rolling Plains or south Texas locations. This stunting with diclosulam was due to a combination of peanut variety and high soil pH. Peanut yield was not always increased where yellow nutsedge was controlled.

Light Requirements of Yellow Nutsedge(Cyperus esculentus)and Light Interception by Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Artificial Shading

The influence of artificial shading (0, 30, 47, 70, 80, and 94% shade) on growth of yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) and the time required for developing canopies of several crops to intercept a given amount of light were investigated in field studies to estimate the potential of crops to compete with yellow nutsedge for light. Average number of shoots and tubers and total dry matter production of yellow nutsedge increased in direct proportion to increased amounts of light (correlation coefficient (r ≥.98). Compared to no shade, flower production was substantially reduced by 30 and 47% shade and was essentially absent under more dense treatments. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measured at weekly intervals indicated that light interception occurred first within the drill row of crops, then on shoulders of planting beds, and finally in furrows. The most rapidly developing canopies studied [corn(Zea maysL.), potatoes(Solanum tuberosumL.), and safflower(Carthamus tinctoriusL.)] intercepted 90% or greater PAR, including illumination in furrows, within 8 to 9 weeks after planting. About 12, 12, and 16 weeks were required for 80% interception for cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.], milo [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.], and cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL.), respectively. Fall-planted barley(Hordeum vulgareL.) intercepted about 90% PAR by March 12. Alfalfa(Medicago sativaL.) intercepted about 90% PAR within 2 to 3 weeks after individual cuttings. Although onions(Allium cepaL.) planted in December intercepted 95% of the PAR in each of the two drill rows per bed about 26 weeks after planting, only 20 to 30% interception occurred in furrows and row middles.

Yellow Nutsedge(Cyperus esculentus)Control in Kentucky Bluegrass(Poa pratensis)with Bentazon, Cyperquat, and Perfluidone

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Kern ◽  
W. F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Sod Production

Bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4) 3H-one 2,2-dioxide], cyperquat (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), and perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide} were evaluated for their potential use as postemergence herbicides for selective yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) control in Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensisL.) in field studies. High rates of these herbicides as single or split applications were effective and only slightly reduced verdure of Kentucky bluegrass, indicating excellent selectivity. In greenhouse studies perfluidone exhibited growth retardant properties. Shoot dry weight production was inhibited and root dry weight of treated plants was markedly reduced. These two factors are undesirable features for commercial sod production.

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