Economic Evaluation of Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Control in a Winter Wheat-Fallow Rotation

Field bindweed infests millions of hectares in the Great Plains greatly reducing productivity and value of land. The standard practice for field bindweed control is sweep tillage at 3 wk intervals combined with one or two annual 2,4-D) applications during the 14 mo fallow period in a winter wheat-fallow crop rotation. This was compared to tillage and 2,4-D in conjunction with dicamba or a mixture of picloram+2,4-D applied once during the first October of the first 14 mo fallow period. Also, three no-tillage systems were included using glyphosate+2,4-D at monthly intervals. Two of the treatments were supplemented with dicamba, or picloram+2,4-D as in the sweep tillage system. All treatments controlled field bindweed in two fallow periods and two winter wheat crops, and increased winter wheat yields to about twice the control. Sweep tillage at 3 wk intervals combined with 2,4-D resulted in $36 ha−1profit for an owner-operator compared to $15 ha−1loss with no herbicide or tillage treatment. On average no-tillage lost $35 ha−1. Other treatments, although controlling field bindweed, lost from 35 to $186 ha−1. To determine if long-term benefit after control was achieved, average yields for the area were used to calculate profits using normal farming practices. Profits were 136, 78, and $-50 ha−1, respectively, for sweep tillage and 2,4-D, no-tillage, and the untreated check. In a standard 33:67 owner-tenant rental, profits to the owner for the control period were 90, −33, and $43 ha−1, respectively for tillage and 2,4-D, no-tillage, and untreated check. The tenant lost from $24 to 69 ha−1for the three systems indicating owners must modify rental agreements during a field bindweed control program.

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Economic evaluation of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) control

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500092857 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 288-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Allen F. Wiese ◽

Brent W. Bean ◽

Clay D. Salisbury ◽

Monty G. Schoenhals ◽

Steve Amosson

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

No Tillage ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Control Practice ◽

Field Bindweed

This research compared seven field bindweed control treatments to a check in a 3-yr winter wheat-sorghum-fallow rotation. Treatments included 3 wk intervals of sweep tillage combined with one or two annual applications of 2,4-D (tillage and 2,4-D). Two other treatments were the same as tillage and 2,4-D, except dicamba or a mixture of picloram and 2,4-D were applied once in October after wheat harvest. A fourth treatment was identical to tillage and 2,4-D, except imazapyr was sprayed immediately after harvest of wheat. Also, three no-tillage systems using glyphosate and 2,4-D at monthly intervals were supplemented with either dicamba, picloram and 2,4-D, or imazapyr the same as in treatments involving tillage and 2,4-D. The check was sweep tilled every 6 wk. All treatments controlled field bindweed in one rotation of two fallow periods and two crops. After control was accomplished, wheat and sorghum yields were about twice the check. Using 1995 costs and returns, profit for an owner-operator for the two fallow periods and two crops was $123 ha−1for tillage and 2,4-D, compared to $19 ha−1for the check. Tillage and 2,4-D supplemented with picloram or imazapyr were almost as profitable as tillage and 2,4-D. Because of high herbicide cost and low yields, no-tillage treatments lost money. Profits with a 33:67 owner-tenant rental agreement were $105 and $21 ha−1, respectively, for owner and tenant using tillage and 2,4-D. With no field bindweed control practice, the tenant lost $33 ha−1and the owner made $51 ha−1.

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Economic Evaluation of Conservation Tillage Systems for Dryland and Irrigated Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in the Southern Great Plains

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500080449 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 316-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Allen F. Wiese ◽

Wyatte L. Harman ◽

Cecil Regier

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Great Plains ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Cropping System ◽

Lint Yield ◽

No Tillage ◽

Southern Great Plains ◽

Tillage System ◽

Repeated Applications ◽

Residual Herbicide

This 4-yr experiment was conducted to develop a profitable conservation tillage system for dryland and furrow-irrigated cotton in a winter wheat-fallow-cotton cropping system at Etter, TX. In the 2-yr cropping sequence, winter wheat was planted immediately after cotton harvest in mid-November and furrow irrigated. Three residual herbicide treatment combinations with atrazine or propazine with fluometuron, or propazine alone were sprayed on stubble after wheat harvest in late June and compared to repeated applications of glyphosate and conventional disk tillage. Glyphosate was used to control weeds that escaped residual herbicides. The following March, fluometuron, prometryn, and 2,4-D were sprayed on no-tillage treatments and trifluralin was incorporated with conventional planting. Hoeing cost ha-1to control Palmer amaranth and kochia averaged about $13 where trifluralin was used, $38 when initial treatment included fluometuron, $63 with propazine, and $93 when glyphosate alone was used to control weeds in fallow. Lint yield on dryland was about 390 kg ha-1with disking and when glyphosate was followed by disking in spring, and 540 kg ha-1with no-tillage. With irrigation, lint yield was 660 kg ha-1with disking and 759 kg ha-1with the best no-tillage treatment. Long-term profits ha-1on dryland ranged from $340 for disking to $524 for propazine no-tillage. With irrigation, profit ha-1ranged from $707 for disking alone to $751 when glyphosate was used after wheat harvest and followed by disking and incorporation of trifluralin the next spring before planting cotton.

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Use of Quinclorac Plus 2,4-D for Controlling Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) in Fallow

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00042147 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 731-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stephen F. Enloe ◽

Philip Westra ◽

Scott J. Nissen ◽

Stephen D. Miller ◽

Phillip W. Stahlman

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Visual Field ◽

Count Data ◽

Late Summer ◽

Field Studies ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Fallow Period ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Better Than

Field studies were conducted in Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming to compare the use of quinclorac plus 2,4-D with picloram plus 2,4-D, dicamba plus 2,4-D, a glyphosate plus 2,4-D premix, and 2,4-D alone for control of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)-fallow rotation. Treatments were applied in late summer or fall each year for two, three, or four consecutive years at the beginning and end of each fallow period. Evaluations were taken 10 to 12 mo after treatment each year. Quinclorac plus 2,4-D and picloram plus 2,4-D consistently performed as well as or better than 2,4-D, dicamba plus 2,4-D, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D. Wheat yields increased when field bindweed was controlled during the fallow period. Strong correlations (r> −0.85) were obtained among visual field bindweed evaluation, biomass, and stand count data.

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ESTABLISHMENT OF ACERIA MALHERBAE (ACARI: ERIOPHYIDAE) AS A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT FOR FIELD BINDWEED (CONVOLVULACEAE) IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent131541-4 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 131 (4) ◽

pp. 541-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A.S. McClay ◽

J.L. Littlefield ◽

J. Kashefi

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Great Plains ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Northern Great Plains ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

The North ◽

Southern Alberta ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Gall Mite

AbstractA European gall mite, Aceria malherbae Nuzzaci, was released and established in southern Alberta and Montana as a biological control agent for field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae). Populations of the mite survived for up to 4 years at some sites and caused slight to severe damage to the weed. The establishment of A. malherbae in these areas suggests that it could be established throughout the North American range of field bindweed.

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Temporal Soil Bacterial Community Responses to Cropping Systems and Crop Identity in Dryland Agroecosystems of the Northern Great Plains

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.624242 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Tindall Ouverson ◽

Jed Eberly ◽

Tim Seipel ◽

Fabian D. Menalled ◽

Suzanne L. Ishaq

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Great Plains ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Northern Great Plains ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System ◽

Bacterial Richness ◽

Certified Organic

Industrialized agriculture results in simplified landscapes where many of the regulatory ecosystem functions driven by soil biological and physicochemical characteristics have been hampered or replaced with intensive, synthetic inputs. To restore long-term agricultural sustainability and soil health, soil should function as both a resource and a complex ecosystem. In this study, we examined how cropping systems impact soil bacterial community diversity and composition, important indicators of soil ecosystem health. Soils from a representative cropping system in the semi-arid Northern Great Plains were collected in June and August of 2017 from the final phase of a 5-year crop rotation managed either with chemical inputs and no-tillage, as a USDA-certified organic tillage system, or as a USDA-certified organic sheep grazing system with reduced tillage intensity. DNA was extracted and sequenced for bacteria community analysis via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial richness and diversity decreased in all farming systems from June to August and was lowest in the chemical no-tillage system, while evenness increased over the sampling period. Crop species identity did not affect bacterial richness, diversity, or evenness. Conventional no-till, organic tilled, and organic grazed management systems resulted in dissimilar microbial communities. Overall, cropping systems and seasonal changes had a greater effect on microbial community structure and diversity than crop identity. Future research should assess how the rhizobiome responds to the specific phases of a crop rotation, as differences in bulk soil microbial communities by crop identity were not detectable.

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Weed infestations of winter wheat depend on the forecrop and the tillage system

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1744 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Dorota Gawęda ◽

Andrzej Woźniak ◽

Elżbieta Harasim

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

No Tillage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Tillage System ◽

Winter Rapeseed

In-crop weed infestation is affected by both habitat conditions and agronomic practices, including the forecrop and tillage treatments used. This study evaluated the effect of the forecrop and the tillage system on species composition, number and dry weight of weeds in a winter wheat ‘Astoria’. A field study was carried out over the period 2014–2017 at the Uhrusk Experimental Farm (SE Poland), on a mixed rendzina soil with a grain-size distribution of sandy loam. Wheat was grown in a four-course crop rotation: soybean – winter wheat – rapeseed – winter wheat. The experimental factors were as follows: a forecrop of winter wheat (soybean and winter rapeseed) and a tillage system (ploughing and no-tillage). Avena fatua was the most frequently occurring weed in the wheat crop sown after soybean, whereas after winter rapeseed it was Viola arvensis. Viola arvensis was the dominant weed under both tillage systems. In all experimental treatments, the species Viola arvensis and Cirsium arvense were characterized by the highest constancy (Constancy Class V and IV), and also Veronica arvensis after the previous winter rapeseed crop. In the wheat crop sown after winter rapeseed, the number of weeds was found to be higher by 62.1% and the weed dry weight higher by 27.3% compared to these parameters after the previous soybean crop. A richer floristic composition of weeds was also observed in the stand after winter rapeseed. Under conventional tillage conditions, compared to no-tillage, the number of weeds was found to be lower by 39.7% and their dry weight by 50.0%. An increase in the numbers of the dominant weed species was also noted in the untilled plots.

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Share of anthropophytes in the crop sequence: winter wheat – maize – spring wheat depending on tillage system

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2014.016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 117-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomasz R. Sekutowski ◽

Janusz Smagacz

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Crop Plant ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System ◽

Main Component ◽

Anthemis Arvensis

An experiment, conducted over the period 2008–2010, evaluated the effect of tillage system on the occurrence and species composition of anthropophytes in winter wheat, maize and spring wheat. Regardless of crop plant and tillage system, anthropophytes (73.9%), represented by archaeophytes and kenophytes, were the main component of the flora in the crops studied, whereas apophytes accounted for the remaining 26.1%. Most archaeophytes (13 species) were found in the spring wheat crop under no-tillage, while their lowest number (6 species) occurred in the spring wheat crop under conventional tillage. The only kenophyte, Conyza canadensis, was found to occur in the spring wheat and maize crops in the no-tillage system. The following taxa were dominant species among archeophytes: Geranium pusillum, Anthemis arvensis, and Viola arvensis (regardless of tillage system and crop plant), Anthemis arvensis (in spring wheat – conventional tillage), Echinochloa crus-galli and Setaria glauca (in maize – reduced tillage and no-tillage), Chenopodium album (in maize – no-tillage) as well as Apera spica-venti, Anthemis arvensis and Papaver rhoeas (in winter wheat – no-tillage).

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Field Bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis)Control in Corn(Zea mays)and Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)with Dicamba and 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450006478x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 665-668 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

E. E. Schweizer ◽

J. F. Swink ◽

P. E. Heikes

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Anisic Acid ◽

Untreated Check ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽

Fall Application

Control of field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensisL.) on irrigated land was studied by application of herbicides once in the fall and then only in the spring for the next 4 yr. Control of field bindweed 8 months after a fall application of 2.2 kg/ha of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) or 3.4 kg/ha of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was 90 and 83%, respectively. Spring applications of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba, 0.56 kg of 2,4-D, or the mixture of these two herbicides suppressed the growth of field bindweed similarly each year. By the fall of the fourth year, field bindweed covered an average of 9% of the soil surface in the plots that received both fall- and spring-applied herbicide treatments, 72% in plots that received only fall-applied herbicide treatments, and 80% in the untreated plots. Yield of corn(Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3306’) was significantly higher in all treated plots than in the untreated check plots in 1 out of 2 yr. Yield of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘Pioneer 833’] was not increased significantly in any treated plots, but in 1 yr the mixture of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba plus 0.56 kg/ha of 2,4-D reduced yield significantly when this mixture was applied twice at these same rates in the spring.

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Effect of Previous Crop Roots on Soil Compaction in 2 Yr Rotations under a No-Tillage System

Land ◽

10.3390/land10020202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 202

Author(s):

Jay D. Jabro ◽

Brett L. Allen ◽

Tatyana Rand ◽

Sadikshya R. Dangi ◽

Joshua W. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Great Plains ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Parent Material ◽

Northern Great Plains ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System

Compacted soils affect global crop productivity and environmental quality. A field study was conducted from 2014 to 2020 in the northern Great Plains, USA, to evaluate the effect of various rooting systems on soil compaction in 2 yr rotations of camelina (Camelina sativa L.), carinata (Brassica carinata A.) and a cover crop mix planted in place of fallow with durum (Triticum durum D.). The study was designed as a randomized complete block with three replications in a no-tillage system. The soil was classified as Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls) derived from glacial till parent material. Three measurements of soil penetration resistance (PR) were taken with a penetrometer to a depth of 0–30 cm within each plot. Soil moisture contents were determined using a TDR sensor at the time of PR measurements. Both measurements were monitored prior to planting in spring and after harvest. Initial PR results from spring 2014 showed that all plots had an average of 2.244 MPa between the 8–20 cm depth, due to a history of tillage and wheel traffic caused by various field activities. Covariance analysis indicated that soil PR was not significantly affected by crop type and moisture content. After one cycle of the 2 yr rotation, the 2016 measurements indicated that the compacted layer existed at the same initial depths. However, after two and three cycles, soil PR values were reduced to 1.480, 1.812, 1.775, 1.645 MPa in spring 2018 and 1.568, 1.581, 1.476, 1.458 MPa in 2020 under camelina, carinata, cover crop mix, and durum treatments, respectively. These findings indicate that previous cover crop roots could effectively improve soil compaction by penetrating the compacted layer, decompose over time and form voids and root channels. Although these results are novel and significant, further research is needed on different soils and under cover crops with different root systems to support our findings prior to making any conclusion.

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Chemical Fallow in a Winter Wheat-Fallow Rotation

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500031829 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 97-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

G. A. Wicks ◽

D. E. Smika

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Soil Water ◽

No Tillage ◽

Fallow Period ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Chemical Fallow

Five fallow treatments in an alternate winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) fallow rotation experiment were compared over a 6-yr period at North Platte, Nebraska. During the 14-month fallow period from winter wheat harvest until winter wheat planting, plots receiving no tillage (weeds were controlled by herbicides) had the least weed growth, most soil water stored, and highest amount of surface mulch maintained. Also, the plots receiving only herbicides had the highest grain yields of all treatments. However, an average of 3.8 herbicide applications were needed to control grass weeds missed by 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) during the last 5.5 months of the fallow period. Greatest weed growth during the fallow period was on plots that received only tillage and occurred during the first 3 months after harvest.

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