Weed infestations of winter wheat depend on the forecrop and the tillage system

In-crop weed infestation is affected by both habitat conditions and agronomic practices, including the forecrop and tillage treatments used. This study evaluated the effect of the forecrop and the tillage system on species composition, number and dry weight of weeds in a winter wheat ‘Astoria’. A field study was carried out over the period 2014–2017 at the Uhrusk Experimental Farm (SE Poland), on a mixed rendzina soil with a grain-size distribution of sandy loam. Wheat was grown in a four-course crop rotation: soybean – winter wheat – rapeseed – winter wheat. The experimental factors were as follows: a forecrop of winter wheat (soybean and winter rapeseed) and a tillage system (ploughing and no-tillage). Avena fatua was the most frequently occurring weed in the wheat crop sown after soybean, whereas after winter rapeseed it was Viola arvensis. Viola arvensis was the dominant weed under both tillage systems. In all experimental treatments, the species Viola arvensis and Cirsium arvense were characterized by the highest constancy (Constancy Class V and IV), and also Veronica arvensis after the previous winter rapeseed crop. In the wheat crop sown after winter rapeseed, the number of weeds was found to be higher by 62.1% and the weed dry weight higher by 27.3% compared to these parameters after the previous soybean crop. A richer floristic composition of weeds was also observed in the stand after winter rapeseed. Under conventional tillage conditions, compared to no-tillage, the number of weeds was found to be lower by 39.7% and their dry weight by 50.0%. An increase in the numbers of the dominant weed species was also noted in the untilled plots.

Download Full-text

Share of anthropophytes in the crop sequence: winter wheat – maize – spring wheat depending on tillage system

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2014.016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 117-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomasz R. Sekutowski ◽

Janusz Smagacz

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Crop Plant ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System ◽

Main Component ◽

Anthemis Arvensis

An experiment, conducted over the period 2008–2010, evaluated the effect of tillage system on the occurrence and species composition of anthropophytes in winter wheat, maize and spring wheat. Regardless of crop plant and tillage system, anthropophytes (73.9%), represented by archaeophytes and kenophytes, were the main component of the flora in the crops studied, whereas apophytes accounted for the remaining 26.1%. Most archaeophytes (13 species) were found in the spring wheat crop under no-tillage, while their lowest number (6 species) occurred in the spring wheat crop under conventional tillage. The only kenophyte, Conyza canadensis, was found to occur in the spring wheat and maize crops in the no-tillage system. The following taxa were dominant species among archeophytes: Geranium pusillum, Anthemis arvensis, and Viola arvensis (regardless of tillage system and crop plant), Anthemis arvensis (in spring wheat – conventional tillage), Echinochloa crus-galli and Setaria glauca (in maize – reduced tillage and no-tillage), Chenopodium album (in maize – no-tillage) as well as Apera spica-venti, Anthemis arvensis and Papaver rhoeas (in winter wheat – no-tillage).

Download Full-text

EFFECTS OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND FERTILIZATION LEVEL ON THE WEEDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1702147k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dušan KOVAČEVIĆ ◽

Snežana OLJAČA ◽

Željko DOLIJANOVIĆ ◽

Vesna MILIĆ ◽

Nemanja GRŠIĆ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Control ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

Tillage System ◽

Fertilization Level

This paper deals with results of the effects of three tillage systems and differentnitrogen fertilizer level on floristic composition of weed community in winterwheat in investigated period on the chernozem-luvic soil type. The trial was carriedout on the estate experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture - Zemun"Radmilovac" near Belgrade in Serbia. Tillage systems and fertilization withnitrogen fertilizers have a big influence on weed control and floristic composition,number of species and individuals and biomass of weeds in winter wheat. Theweed community in winter wheat crops was composed of 14 weed species in bothyear of investigation, respectively, with dominancy of terophytes. The obtainedresults showed that the dominant weed species were Avena fatua L., Papaverrhoeas L., Sinapis arvensis L. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. from annuels and.Convolvulus arvensis L. from perennials prevailed in the weed community inwinter wheat crops.Conventional tillage system with nitrogen level in top dressing120 kg ha-1 had better effect in weed control than both of both investigatedconservation tillage systems (MTS and NTS) had. However, mulch tillage has notlagged behind the conventional tillage increased total weed number of individualsannual and perennial species especially fresh biomass. No-tillage system makesweed control difficult.

Download Full-text

Weed control and grain yield in double-cropped soybean

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif0802107s ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 107-114

Author(s):

Milena Simic ◽

Nebojsa Momirovic ◽

Zeljko Dolijanovic ◽

Zeljko Radosevic

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Row Spacing ◽

No Tillage ◽

Correlation Data ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Tillage System ◽

Loam Soil

The effects of different herbicide combinations: control (1), alachlor+linuron (2), and alachlor+linuron+imazethapyr (3) were investigated in double-cropped soybean grown in two row spacing variants, 38 cm and 76 cm, under conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT). In trials conducted on a sandy loam soil at Zemun Polje, high weediness had a negative effect of on the yield of double-cropped soybean, especially at the higher row spacing tested and with no-tillage. Regression and correlation data revealed a dependence of weediness in double-cropped soybean on tillage system and herbicide combination, and dependence of soybean yield on tillage system.

Download Full-text

Segetal Diversity in Selected Legume Crops Depending on Soil Tillage

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10120635 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 635

Author(s):

Jolanta Bojarszczuk ◽

Janusz Podleśny

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Legume Crops ◽

Tillage System ◽

Weed Infestation

The aim of the paper was to determine weed infestation expressed by weeds number and weed weight and other index under a three different tillage system: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and ploughing tillage (CT) in two legume species crops: pea and narrowed-leaved lupine. The research proved that growing legume under no-tillage conditions caused the increasing weed infestation. Weather conditions in each of the study years were shown to influence the weed infestation. The dry weight of weeds was higher in narrow-leaved lupine by 7% in flowering stage assessment and by 6% before harvest than in pea crop. The weeds number in the conventional tillage system in the flowering stage in pea and lupine crops was 24 and 26 plants·m−2, respectively, under the reduced tillage conditions it was 33 and 29% higher, while under no-tillage it was 58 and 67% higher. In all tillage systems the dominant species were Chenopodium album L., Viola arvensis L., Anthemis arvensis L., and Cirsium arvense L. The results prove that soil tillage system affect weed infestation of legume crops.

Download Full-text

Sunflower response to tillage and soil residual nitrogen in a wheat - sunflower rotation under rainfed Mediterranean conditions

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar01142 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rafael J. López-Bellido ◽

Luis López-Bellido ◽

Juan E. Castillo ◽

Francisco J. López-Bellido

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Flowering Season ◽

Residual N ◽

Tillage System ◽

Mediterranean Conditions ◽

Plot Design

A field study was carried out to determine the effects of tillage systems on sunflower yield over 9 years, and the effects of tillage systems and residual N on sunflower yield and yield components over 4 years, in a wheat–sunflower rotation under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Tillage treatments included no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Nitrogen fertiliser rates were 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha, applied only to wheat. A split-plot design with 4 replications was used. The weather had a marked influence on sunflower biomass and seed yield. Rainfall over October–May was directly related to seed yield. In contrast, seed oil content was inversely related to mean temperature during the flowering season (June). Sunflower yield displayed no significant reponse to residual N derived from the fertiliser N applied to the preceding wheat crop. The tillage system did not exert a consistent influence on sunflower yield; thus, continuous no-tillage may represent an economically and environmentally viable alternative to conventional tillage for sunflower production under rainfed Mediterranean conditions.

Download Full-text

Effect of the ridge tillage system on some selected soil physical properties in a maize monoculture

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.52.2004.3.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 211-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. László ◽

C. Gyuricza

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Penetration Resistance ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Set Up ◽

Ridge Tillage

Within the framework of cooperation between Szent István University and the Vienna University of Agricultural Sciences, a soil cultivation experiment in a maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture was set up for the first time in Austria near Pyhra (Lower Austria) in 1996. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ridge tillage (RT) in comparison with conventional mouldboard ploughing in autumn (CT) and no-tillage (NT) on the penetration resistance (PR), soil bulk density (BD) and porosity (P) of sandy loam soil (Typic Agriudoll). Analyses were made for each treatment and for different parts of the ridge (top and side of the ridge, and interrow) in 1998, 2000 and 2002. The average PR and BD values were greatest in the no-tillage plot, being 3.42 MPa and 1.56 g·cm-3, respectively. After six years, ridge tillage resulted in lower penetration resistance and bulk density values in the upper 20 cm than conventional tillage and no-tillage. Ridge tillage appears capable of reducing compaction in this soil. It can be concluded from the results that ridge tillage is capable of maintaining and improving favourable physical conditions in the soil.

Download Full-text

Herbicide Programs in No-Tillage and Conventional-Tillage Soybeans (Glycine max) Double Cropped After Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500057313 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 255-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Barry D. Sims ◽

David R. Guethle

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Mississippi River ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Tillage System ◽

Preemergence Herbicides ◽

Herbicide Programs ◽

Large Crabgrass

Postemergence and commonly used preemergence plus postemergence herbicide programs were evaluated for weed control in conventional and no-tillage soybeans double cropped after winter wheat in the northern Mississippi River Delta. Broadleaf weed species present varied with tillage, location, and year. Large crabgrass was present in both tillage systems for all locations and years. Conventional tillage usually resulted in higher densities of large crabgrass, common cocklebur, and smooth pigweed. Soil-applied preemergence herbicides alone did not provide season-long ivyleaf and entireleaf morningglory or common cocklebur control in either tillage system. For weed control and soybean yields comparable to weed-free controls, postemergence broadleaf herbicides were required in both tillage systems following the soil-applied herbicide programs, alachlor plus linuron and alachlor plus metribuzin. Postemergence herbicide programs provided excellent season-long annual grass and broadleaf weed control when sethoxydim was applied separately from the broadleaf herbicides. Antagonism of large crabgrass control resulted when sethoxydim was tank mixed with postemergence broadleaf herbicides, compared to separate applications of the postemergence grass and broadleaf herbicides. In three out of four studies, soybean yields in handweeded controls were similar between tillage systems.

Download Full-text

Contrast between sandy and clay soils in the effects of various factors on the growth, nitrogen uptake and yield of winter wheat in three years

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600079764 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 119-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. N. Thorne ◽

P. J. Welbank ◽

F. V. Widdowson ◽

A. Penny ◽

A. D. Todd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

N Uptake ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Early Application ◽

Number Of Shoots

SummaryWinter wheat grown following potatoes on a sandy loam at Woburn in 1978–9, 1980–1 and 1981–2 was compared with that on a clay loam at Rothamsted in 1978–9 and 1980–1, and on a silty clay (alluvium) at Woburn in 1981–2. The cultivar was Hustler in the harvest years 1979 and 1981 and Avalon in 1982. On each soil in each year multifactorial experiments tested effects of combinations of six factors, each at two levels.The best 4-plot mean grain yield ranged from 89 to 11·1 t/ha during the 3 years; it was smaller on the sandy soil than on the clay soil in 1979, but larger on sand than on the clay in 1981 and 1982. Until anthesis the number of shoots, dry weight and N content of the wheat giving these best yields were less on sand than on clay. Unlike grain weight, straw weight was always less on sand.Sowing in mid-September instead of mid-October increased grain yield on clay in each year (by 0·4·0·7 t/ha) and increased yield on sand only in 1981 (by 1·6 t/ha). Early sowing always increased dry weight, leaf area, number of shoots and N uptake until May. The benefits were always greater on clay than on sand immediately before N fertilizer was applied in the spring and usually lessened later on both soils.Aldicarb as an autumn pesticide increased grain yield of early-sown wheat on both soils in 1981 by lessening infection with barley yellow dwarf virus. Aldicarb increased yield on clay in 1982; it also decreased the number of plant parasitic nematodes.Wheat on sand was more responsive to nitrogen in division, timing and amount than was wheat on clay. In 1979 yield of wheat on sand was increased by dividing spring N between March, April and May, instead of giving it all in April, and in 1982 by giving winter N early in February. In 1981 division and timing on sand interacted with sowing date. Yield of early-sown wheat given N late, i.e. in March, April and May, exceeded that given N early, i.e. in February, March and May, by 1·4 t/ha; single dressings given all in March or all in April also yielded less than the late divided dressing. Yield of later-sown wheat given all the N in April was at least 1·2 t/ha less than with all N given in March or with divided N. In all years treatments that increased yield usually also increased N uptake. Grain yield on clay was never affected by division or timing of spring N or by application of winter N. This was despite the fact that all treatments that involved a delay in the application of N depressed growth and N uptake in spring on both sand and clay. The mean advantage in N uptake following early application of spring N eventually reversed on both soils, so that uptake at maturity was greater from late than from early application. Increasing the amount of N given in spring from the estimated requirement for 9 t/ha grain yield to that for 12 t/ha increased yield in 1982, especially on sand. The larger amount of N always increased the number of ears but often decreased the number of grains per ear and the size of individual grains.Irrigation increased grain yield only on the sandy soil, by 1·1 t/ha in 1979 and by 07 t/ha in 1981 and 1982. The component responsible was dry weight per grain in 1979 and 1982, when soil moisture deficits reaching maximum values of 136 and 110 mm respectively in the 2 years developed after anthesis; the component responsible was number of ears/m2 in 1982 when the maximum deficit of 76 mm occurred earlier, in late May.

Download Full-text

WHEAT YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY UNDER CONTRASTING RESIDUE AND TILLAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN A SEMIARID AREA OF MOROCCO

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479702000285 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 237-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

R. Mrabet

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

No Tillage ◽

Partial Removal ◽

No Till ◽

Management Technology ◽

Use Efficiency

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) production using no-tillage is becoming an increasingly accepted management technology. Major obstacles to its adoption in Morocco, however, are exportation of wheat straw from the field and stubble grazing. Among pertinent solutions is the control of these practices. A four-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of residue level under no-tillage on wheat grain and total dry-matter yields, water use and water-use efficiency, and to compare this with conventional tillage systems. The aim was to evaluate whether all the straw produced is needed for no-till cropping or whether partial removal of straw from the field is possible without any adverse effect on production. No-tillage and deep tillage with disk plough performed equally well and subsurface tillage with an off-set disk produced the lowest yields. Both bare and full no-tillage covers depressed wheat production. Uo to 30% of straw produced under no-tillage can be removed without jeopardizing wheat crop performance.

Download Full-text

Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2010001200001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 1331-1341 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Homero Bergamaschi ◽

Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽

João Ito Bergonci ◽

Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽

Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Extinction Coefficient ◽

Water Availability ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Area Index ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

Download Full-text