scholarly journals Share of anthropophytes in the crop sequence: winter wheat – maize – spring wheat depending on tillage system

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz R. Sekutowski ◽  
Janusz Smagacz
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Anthemis Arvensis

An experiment, conducted over the period 2008–2010, evaluated the effect of tillage system on the occurrence and species composition of anthropophytes in winter wheat, maize and spring wheat. Regardless of crop plant and tillage system, anthropophytes (73.9%), represented by archaeophytes and kenophytes, were the main component of the flora in the crops studied, whereas apophytes accounted for the remaining 26.1%. Most archaeophytes (13 species) were found in the spring wheat crop under no-tillage, while their lowest number (6 species) occurred in the spring wheat crop under conventional tillage. The only kenophyte, <em>Conyza canadensis</em>, was found to occur in the spring wheat and maize crops in the no-tillage system. The following taxa were dominant species among archeophytes: <em>Geranium pusillum</em>, <em>Anthemis arvensis, </em>and <em>Viola arvensis </em>(regardless of tillage system and crop plant), <em>Anthemis arvensis </em>(in spring wheat – conventional tillage), <em>Echinochloa crus-galli </em>and <em>Setaria glauca </em>(in maize – reduced tillage and no-tillage), <em>Chenopodium album </em>(in maize – no-tillage) as well as <em>Apera spica-venti</em>, <em>Anthemis arvensis </em>and <em>Papaver rhoeas </em>(in winter wheat – no-tillage).

scholarly journals Weed infestations of winter wheat depend on the forecrop and the tillage system

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Andrzej Woźniak ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

In-crop weed infestation is affected by both habitat conditions and agronomic practices, including the forecrop and tillage treatments used. This study evaluated the effect of the forecrop and the tillage system on species composition, number and dry weight of weeds in a winter wheat ‘Astoria’. A field study was carried out over the period 2014–2017 at the Uhrusk Experimental Farm (SE Poland), on a mixed rendzina soil with a grain-size distribution of sandy loam. Wheat was grown in a four-course crop rotation: soybean – winter wheat – rapeseed – winter wheat. The experimental factors were as follows: a forecrop of winter wheat (soybean and winter rapeseed) and a tillage system (ploughing and no-tillage). <em>Avena fatua</em> was the most frequently occurring weed in the wheat crop sown after soybean, whereas after winter rapeseed it was <em>Viola arvensis</em>. <em>Viola arvensis</em> was the dominant weed under both tillage systems. In all experimental treatments, the species <em>Viola arvensis</em> and <em>Cirsium arvense</em> were characterized by the highest constancy (Constancy Class V and IV), and also <em>Veronica arvensis</em> after the previous winter rapeseed crop. In the wheat crop sown after winter rapeseed, the number of weeds was found to be higher by 62.1% and the weed dry weight higher by 27.3% compared to these parameters after the previous soybean crop. A richer floristic composition of weeds was also observed in the stand after winter rapeseed. Under conventional tillage conditions, compared to no-tillage, the number of weeds was found to be lower by 39.7% and their dry weight by 50.0%. An increase in the numbers of the dominant weed species was also noted in the untilled plots.

Sunflower response to tillage and soil residual nitrogen in a wheat - sunflower rotation under rainfed Mediterranean conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael J. López-Bellido ◽  
Luis López-Bellido ◽  
Juan E. Castillo ◽  
Francisco J. López-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions ◽  
Plot Design

A field study was carried out to determine the effects of tillage systems on sunflower yield over 9 years, and the effects of tillage systems and residual N on sunflower yield and yield components over 4 years, in a wheat–sunflower rotation under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Tillage treatments included no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Nitrogen fertiliser rates were 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha, applied only to wheat. A split-plot design with 4 replications was used. The weather had a marked influence on sunflower biomass and seed yield. Rainfall over October–May was directly related to seed yield. In contrast, seed oil content was inversely related to mean temperature during the flowering season (June). Sunflower yield displayed no significant reponse to residual N derived from the fertiliser N applied to the preceding wheat crop. The tillage system did not exert a consistent influence on sunflower yield; thus, continuous no-tillage may represent an economically and environmentally viable alternative to conventional tillage for sunflower production under rainfed Mediterranean conditions.

WHEAT YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY UNDER CONTRASTING RESIDUE AND TILLAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN A SEMIARID AREA OF MOROCCO

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mrabet
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
No Till ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Use Efficiency

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) production using no-tillage is becoming an increasingly accepted management technology. Major obstacles to its adoption in Morocco, however, are exportation of wheat straw from the field and stubble grazing. Among pertinent solutions is the control of these practices. A four-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of residue level under no-tillage on wheat grain and total dry-matter yields, water use and water-use efficiency, and to compare this with conventional tillage systems. The aim was to evaluate whether all the straw produced is needed for no-till cropping or whether partial removal of straw from the field is possible without any adverse effect on production. No-tillage and deep tillage with disk plough performed equally well and subsurface tillage with an off-set disk produced the lowest yields. Both bare and full no-tillage covers depressed wheat production. Uo to 30% of straw produced under no-tillage can be removed without jeopardizing wheat crop performance.

scholarly journals Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Bergamaschi ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
João Ito Bergonci ◽  
Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽  
Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

scholarly journals Effect of tillage system on soil temperature in a rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Muñoz-Romero ◽  
Luis Lopez-Bellido ◽  
Rafael J. Lopez-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Sowing Period

Abstract Soil temperature is a factor that influences the rates of physical, chemical, and biological reactions in soils and has a strong influence on plant growth. A field study was conducted during 2006-2007 and 2009-2010 on a typical rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol to determine the effects of the tillage system and the crop on soil temperature. The experimental treatments were the tillage system (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and the crop (wheat and faba bean). Soil temperature was measured at a 20 cm depth at 1 h intervals from December 1st to November 30th of 2006-2007 and 2009-2010. There was a highly significant relationship between air temperature (both maximum and minimum) and soil temperature for the two tillage systems. Soil temperature was similar in the growing season for both crops but was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system, with differences between 0.7 and 2.6°C depending on the month of the year. A higher soil temperature with conventional tillage can be beneficial in the cold sowing period (November-December), improving crop establishment. In contrast, in critical periods with water deficits (spring) during which grain formation occurs, the lower temperature corresponding to the no-tillage system would be more favourable.

Weed seedbank response to crop rotation and tillage in semiarid agroecosystems

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dorado ◽  
J. P. Del Monte ◽  
C. López-Fando
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a semiarid Mediterranean site in central Spain, field experiments were conducted on a Calcic Haploxeralf (noncalcic brown soil), which had been managed with three crop rotations and two tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) since 1987. The crop rotations consisted of barley→vetch, barley→sunflower, and a barley monoculture. The study took place in two growing seasons (1992–1994) to assess the effects of management practices on the weed seedbank. During this period, spring weed control was not carried out in winter crops. In the no-tillage system, there was a significant increase in the number of seeds of different weed species: anacyclus, common purslane, corn poppy, knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, spring whitlowgrass, tumble pigweed, venus-comb, andVeronica triphyllos.Conversely, the presence of prostrate knotweed and wild radish was highest in plots under conventional tillage. These results suggest large differences in the weed seedbank as a consequence of different soil conditions among tillage systems, but also the necessity of spring weed control when a no-tillage system is used. With regard to crop rotations, the number of seeds of knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, and spring whitlowgrass was greater in the plots under the barley→vetch rotation. Common lambsquarters dominated in the plots under the barley→sunflower rotation, whereas venus-comb was the most frequent weed in the barley monoculture. Larger and more diverse weed populations developed in the barley→vetch rotation rather than in the barley→sunflower rotation or the barley monoculture.

scholarly journals Relationships between winter wheat yields and soil carbon under various tillage systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 540-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mikanová ◽  
T. Šimon ◽  
M. Javůrek ◽  
M. Vach
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Set Up

&nbsp;Soil quality and fertility are associated with its productivity, and this in turn is connected to the soil biological activity. To study these effects, well designed long-term field experiments that provide comprehensive data sets are the most applicable. Four treatments (tillage methods) were set up: (1) conventional tillage (CT); (2) no tillage (NT); (3) minimum tillage + straw (MTS), and (4) no tillage + mulch (NTM). Our objective was to assess the relationships between soil microbial characteristics and winter wheat yields under these different techniques of conservation tillage within a field experiment, originally established in 1995. The differences in average grain yields over time period 2002&ndash;2009 between the variants were not statistically significant. Organic carbon in the topsoil was higher in plots with conservation tillage (NT, MTS, and NTM), than in the conventional tillage plots. There was a statistically significant correlation (P &le; 0.01) between the grain yields and organic C content in topsoil. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Evolution of some components of agroecosystems productivity from Vinga Plain in water stress situations

2010 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Daniel Dicu ◽  
Iacob Borza ◽  
Dorin Tarau
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
System Level ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
On Line ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
The Impact

The researches are inscribed on line of substantiation of durable agricultural system, having main objective the prominence ofquantitative and qualitative modifications made on agro-system level under the effect of no-tillage system for wheat, maize and soybeans.The experimental field is placed on a cambium chernozem, with a medium content of clay, dominant in the Prodagro West Arad agrocentreand representative for a large surface in the Banat-Crisana Plain.The passing to no-till system change the structure of technological elements, through less soil works, so the impact on agro-system isdifferent comparing with conventional tillage, first less the intervention pressure on agro-system ant secondly appears new interactions, newequilibriums and disequilibriums.Considering the evolution of soil humidity, the observations made monthly (by taking soil samples and laboratory determinations) forthe three cultures showed that in the no-till system, there are more uniform values in the soil profile, and in the variants where the deep workof soil was made it could be observed a low increase of the water volume in the soil.

scholarly journals Soil macrofauna associated with cover crops in an Oxisol from the southwest of Piauí state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djavan Pinheiro Santos ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Ronny Sobreira Barbosa ◽  
Juvenal Pereira da Silva Junior ◽  
Everaldo Moreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Sole Cropping

ABSTRACT: The soil macrofauna is fundamental for the maintenance of soil quality. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil macrofauna under different species of cover crops, including monoculture or intercropping associated to two types of soil management in the southwest region of Piauí state. The study was carried out in an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo, according to Brazilian Soil Classification System) in the municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, distributed in 30 m2 plots. Testing and evaluation of the soil macrofauna were conducted in a 9 × 2 strip factorial design, with combinations between cover crops/consortia and soil management (with or without tillage), with four replications. Soil monoliths (0.25 × 0.25 m) were randomly sampled in each plot for macrofauna at 0‒0.1, 0.1‒0.2, and 0.2‒0.3 m depth, including surface litter. After identification and counting of soil organims, the relative density of each taxon in each depth was determined. The total abundance of soil macrofauna quantified under cover crops in the conventional and no-tillage system was 2,408 ind. m-2, distributed in 6 classes, 16 orders, and 31 families. The results of multivariate analysis show that grass species in sole cropping systems and no-tillage presents higher macrofauna density, in particular the taxonomic group Isoptera. No-tillage also provided higher richness of families, where Coleoptera adult were the second more abundant group in no-tillage and Hemiptera in conventional tillage.

scholarly journals Weed control and grain yield in double-cropped soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Milena Simic ◽  
Nebojsa Momirovic ◽  
Zeljko Dolijanovic ◽  
Zeljko Radosevic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Correlation Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil

The effects of different herbicide combinations: control (1), alachlor+linuron (2), and alachlor+linuron+imazethapyr (3) were investigated in double-cropped soybean grown in two row spacing variants, 38 cm and 76 cm, under conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT). In trials conducted on a sandy loam soil at Zemun Polje, high weediness had a negative effect of on the yield of double-cropped soybean, especially at the higher row spacing tested and with no-tillage. Regression and correlation data revealed a dependence of weediness in double-cropped soybean on tillage system and herbicide combination, and dependence of soybean yield on tillage system.

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