Early Retirement in a Period of High Unemployment

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Laczko ◽  
Angela Dale ◽  
Sara Arber ◽  
G. Nigel Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
General Household Survey

ABSTRACTEarly retirement is a policy for tackling unemployment which is popular among unions, employers and government, but there has been little recent research on its social implications for the individuals concerned. This article examines the reasons given by older men for retiring early and investigates the extent of income poverty in early retirement. Particular attention is paid to how early retirement is defined and to the differences between the early retired, the sick and the unemployed. Using data for men aged 60–64 from the General Household Survey for the years 1980–82 and from the Labour Force Survey of 1983, it is shown that ill-health is a less important reason for retirement than previous studies have suggested and that those who retire early are divided by class, with manual workers being more likely to retire early because of redundancy and more likely to be living on very low incomes than non-manual workers.

Does early retirement lead to longer life?

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOWARD LITWIN
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
Lower Mortality Risk

ABSTRACTIt has been claimed, but not empirically supported, that early retirement leads to longer life. The present investigation addressed this question using data from a 1997 Israeli national household survey of adults aged 60 or more years linked to mortality records from the national death registry, for 2004. The study examined the association between early retirement and seven-year all-cause mortality among the population of older Jewish Israelis who were employed prior to or at baseline (N=2,374). Both the timing of retirement and the reasons for exit from the labour force were considered in the analysis. The initial hazard regression models, adjusted by gender and reason for retirement including poor health, showed that early retirees indeed had lower mortality risk ratios than respondents who had retired ‘on time’. When additional variables were controlled in the final analytic model, however, the association between early retirement and mortality was not supported. Older age, male gender, and having been diagnosed with one or more of five major illnesses were all associated with greater risk for mortality. Medium level education and being employed at baseline were associated with lesser mortality risk. Nevertheless, the timing of retirement, viz. early versus normative exit from the workforce, was not related to survival. In sum, the respondents who had prematurely exited the labour force did not benefit from disproportionately longer lives when compared with the respondents who retired ‘on time’.

Early Retired or Long-Term Unemployed?

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Casey ◽  
Frank Laczko
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Paid Employment

The paper examines the appropriateness of the epithet `a growth of early retirement' to describe the falling labour force participation of older men in Britain since the end of the 1970s. It refers to statistical explanations of age specific labour force participation and draws extensively on Labour Force Survey data to describe the subjective and objective characteristics of those aged 55-64 who are not in paid employment. Whilst there is evidence that much of the fall in activity rates can be ascribed to a deterioration of the labour market, it is inappropriate to consider those who have left the labour market simply as `unemployed'. Their indeterminate status - between active and inactive - is argued to be akin to that of the long-term unemployed.

scholarly journals Underutiilsed Labour: More than the Unemployed?

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The Unemployed

The official unemployment rate in New Zealand has been below 5%for nearly six years and reached a 22-year low of 3.4% in late 2007. However, official unemployment statistics understate the availability of labour given they do not include an important group of people who want to work - the marginally attached. These are people who want to work, but are either not available or not actively seeking work and therefore are not classified as unemployed.   But how different are those people that are marginally attached to the labour force compared to the unemployed? Since 1999, strong employment growth has coincided with a large drop in unemployment but the number of people marginally attached to the labour force has fallen only slightly. Using data from the Household Labour Force Survey, this paper tries to explain the reasons behind this by examining trends in those marginally attached to the labour force and whether this group is significantly different to the officially unemployed. While it is sometimes argued that those marginally attached to the labour force should be combined with the officially unemployed to give a measure of excess supply, this paper investigates whether this is sensible given they appear to be two distinct groups.

Paying for Early Retirement

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Casey
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Income Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
General Household Survey ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Employer Benefits

ABSTRACTThe paper looks at the relative importance of state benefits, employer benefits and private sources in supporting early retired men. Using data from various administrative sources, the General Household Survey and the Family Expenditure Survey, it shows how the increase in early retirement which occurred between 1979 and 1986 went hand in hand both with a greater reliance on means-tested benefits and a greater reliance on employer benefits. Although the income of the early retired was well above the minimum accorded by the ‘income support’ system, there were major differences between subgroups of the early retired—those dependent solely on state benefits and those with other sources of income, private and personal—and these differences have become more pronounced over time. Finally, the paper looks at the total costs of early retirement: to the state, to employers and to the early retired themselves. Total costs ballooned between 1979 and 1986. Much of the extra expenditure on benefits fell on employers, but the early retired themselves, through accepting a considerable reduction in their income, bore the bulk of the costs of early retirement.

Labour supply behaviour of married women in Toronto

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasanthi Thenuwara ◽  
Bryan Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Elasticity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Unemployed

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the connection between labour supply and the wages of married women of different ages in Toronto using data from the 2010 Labour Force Survey of Canada. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employ three econometric techniques, ordinary least square, 2 stage least square and the Heckman two-step method to estimate the supply elasticities. The first two focus on the wage rate and hours conditional on the subjects being employed whereas the third method controls for sample selectivity bias by including the unemployed. Bootstrap test statistics are produced when the normality assumption for the error terms is found to be violated. Findings – The aggregate labour supply elasticity for married women in Toronto is estimated to be 0.053 which similar to value found for Canada for a whole in a previous study even though Toronto is much more diverse culturally than average. The labour supply elasticities for 25-34 year old and 35-44 year old married are estimated to be 0.108 and 0.079, respectively. The supply elasticity for married women aged 45-59 is not significantly different from 0. Originality/value – The paper shows that younger married women in Toronto are more responsive to an increase in wages than older women. The estimation procedure and the testing of the significance of coefficients are more rigorous than previous studies.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Early Retirement in Canada

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lynn McDonald ◽  
Richard A. Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retirement Status ◽  
Mobility Study

ABSTRACTIn view of the trend toward increasing early retirement observed in Canada since the 1960's, this study attempts to determine the main socioeconomic factors influencing the decision to retire before age 65 among Canadian men and women. Using data from the 1973 Canadian Mobility Study, we estimate a series of models in which retirement is measured as both the degree of involvement in the labour force and a subjective declaration of retirement status. We conclude that those Canadians who retire early tend to be single men and married women employed by others who are better educated and whose nonearned income is higher than those who retire at a later age. As anticipated, early retirement experiences are different for men and women, reflecting the more precarious position of women in the labour market.

scholarly journals Connectivity in Later Life: The Declining Age Divide in Mobile Cell Phone Ownership

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gilleard ◽  
Ian Jones ◽  
Paul Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Connectivity ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Using Data ◽  
General Household Survey

In recent decades changes in social connectivity have become key features in the changing contexts of later life. Communities of propinquity no longer seem to be as determining of social relationships as they once were. Mobile cell phone technology and the Internet have redefined what it means to ‘keep in touch’. Some authors have argued that these new forms of connectivity have created a ‘digital divide’ between those who have become active adopters of these technologies and those who have not. Using data from the British General Household Survey (GHS), we examined trends in mobile phone ownership amongst people over fifty during the period 2000 - 2009. Compared with the pace of change in ownership of other household technologies such as personal computers, dishwashers, fridge freezers and microwave ovens, the take up of mobile phones amongst those aged 50 and over has followed a much sharper rise. Based upon these findings, we suggest a more sceptical stance towards the ICT ‘generational divide’ which needs more detailed interrogation. Future research should consider the possibility that the divide may be a more short lived phenomenon, as successive cohorts of people aged fifty and over are becoming active participants in individualised networked communities.

Co-residence between Adult Children and their Elderly Parents in England and Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Grundy ◽  
Anne Harrop
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Elderly Parent ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
General Household Survey

ABSTRACTCo-residence between adult children aged 35 or more and their elderly parent(s) or parent(s)-in-law has been investigated using data from the Office of the Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Longitudinal Survey and the 1985 General Household Survey supplement on informal carers. Overall 4 per cent of adults lived with a parent or parent-in-law but this proportion varied considerably with age, marital status and gender. Socio-economic differentials in co-residence were also found. These suggested that where the child is the provider of support to an elderly parent co-residence may be associated with socio-economic advantage. Differentials in co-residence rates and differences between co-residence data from the Longitudinal Study (LS) and data on co-resident carers from the General Household Survey (GHS) also point to the important role of elderly people as providers of support to adult children. In conclusion, the implications of these data for policies of community care are considered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document