Social Insecurity: Children and Benefit Dynamics

This article uses administrative data to explore benefit dynamics for children in Britain's second largest city, Birmingham, over the period January 1998 to June 1999. As the benefits in question (housing benefit and council tax benefit) are means tested, the dynamics are also informative about moves in and out of low income. The article is original in its use of quarterly data to provide a comprehensive picture of benefit dynamics, in treating the child rather than the benefit claimant as the unit of analysis, and also in including ethnic group differences in its analysis of benefit exit and re-entry. It provides a picture of substantial ‘welfare dynamics’: that is, movements in and out of benefit support. Living in a low-income family in receipt of benefit can be seen to be a part, and sometimes a recurring part, of the experience of a large proportion of children. It argues that policy needs to investigate and take account of the impact of insecure income as well as poverty when considering the welfare of children.

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The African Slave Trade and Modern Household Finance

The Economic Journal ◽

10.1093/ej/ueaa015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 130 (630) ◽

pp. 1817-1841 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ross Levine ◽

Chen Lin ◽

Wensi Xie

Keyword(s):

Financial Services ◽

Deleterious Effect ◽

Slave Trade ◽

Household Finance ◽

Group Differences ◽

African Slave ◽

Access To Credit ◽

Ethnic Group Differences ◽

Cross Country ◽

The Impact

Abstract We evaluate the impact of the African slave trade between 1400 and 1900 on modern household finance. Exploiting cross-country and cross-ethnic group differences in the intensity with which people were enslaved and exported from Africa, we find that slave exports during the 1400–1900 period are negatively associated with current measures of household (a) access to financial services, (b) access to credit, (c) use of mobile finance and (d) trust in financial institutions, suggesting that the slave trade has had an enduring, deleterious effect on household finance.

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Ethnic group differences in nutritional status of young children from low-income areas of an urban county

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/44.6.938 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 938-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J E Brown ◽

M Serdula ◽

K Cairns ◽

J R Godes ◽

D R Jacobs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

Low Income ◽

Group Differences ◽

Ethnic Group Differences

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What Do We Know About Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) Participation in UK Higher Education?

Social Policy and Society ◽

10.1017/s1474746421000579 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Jason Arday ◽

Charlotte Branchu ◽

Vikki Boliver

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Group Differences ◽

Policy Makers ◽

New Developments ◽

Academic Communities ◽

Ethnic Group Differences ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Uk Higher Education ◽

The Impact ◽

Minority Ethnic

Here, we offer a synthesis of recent evidence and new developments in relation to three broad aspects of Black and minority ethnic (BAME) students’ participation in UK higher education (HE). First, we examine recent trends in ethnic group differences in rates of access to, success within, and positive destinations beyond HE. Secondly, we examine the nature of UK universities as exclusionary spaces which marginalise BAME students in a myriad of ways, not least through curricula that centre Whiteness. Finally, we consider the impact of the marginalisation of BAME students on mental health. We argue that progress towards race equality in each domain has been hampered by white-centric discourses which continue to identify BAME students and staff as ‘other’. We highlight the important roles that academic communities and HE policy-makers have to play in advancing ethnic equality in UK universities.

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Posture in Relation to God and Ethnic Background: A Qualitative Analysis of Urban Youth Ministry Workers' Responses to Crisis

Journal of Psychology and Theology ◽

10.1177/009164711704500204 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 119-132

Author(s):

Christin J. Fort ◽

Cynthia B. Eriksson ◽

Ann Y. Gottuso ◽

Ashley M. Wilkins

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Urban Youth ◽

Youth Ministry ◽

Ethnic Background ◽

Group Differences ◽

Consensual Qualitative Research ◽

Ethnic Group Differences ◽

Ministry Workers ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between humans and God has been one of great interest to scholars throughout the ages (Snow, McMinn, Bufford, & Brenlinger, 2011). This study analyzed urban youth ministry workers' experiences of crisis and the impact of these experiences on their relationships with God. Participants were interviewed, and interview transcriptions were coded using the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method. Two major categories emerged to describe participants' posture in relation to God: “posture toward God” and “posture away from God.” Additionally, ten subcategories emerged. Issues related to theodicy and feelings of distance from God were explored, along with experiences of trust and intimacy with God. Sub-categories were further analyzed for distinctions correlated with participants' ethnic background. Results suggested that the postures of anger, confusion and tension were noteworthy, as ethnic group differences in report of these experiences were apparent. Recommendations for further research and implications for clinical practice were offered.

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The impact of women’s co-operative in a rural area in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Masyarakat Kebudayaan dan Politik ◽

10.20473/mkp.v34i12021.1-12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Rustinsyah Rustinsyah ◽

Pudjio Santoso ◽

Nurul Ratna Sari

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Informal Education ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Provincial Government ◽

Poor People ◽

Income Family ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Impact

One of the strategies to address the issue of poverty in rural areas is by empowering women. East Java provincial government, Indonesia, has allocated grants for women’s co-operatives in rural areas since 2015, in the same year of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) launch. This study describes the pattern of credit use in the women’s co-operative and its impact on low-income family livelihoods. The research was conducted at two women’s co-operatives in Plumpang District, Tuban Regency, Indonesia, from October 2017 to May 2018 using the qualitative approach. The data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and survey about the co-operative members’ credit use. This study found that the co-operative members used the loans for daily needs, tuition fees, agricultural activities, and non-farming economic activities. The co-operative has increased children’s participation in low-income family informal education and strengthens social capital among poor people in rural areas; however, the co-operative still cannot cut the chain between low-income families and moneylenders the village. Consequently, further development of co-operatives in terms of quality and quantity is necessary for achieving the SDGs.

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ANALISIS LITERASI KEUANGAN SISWA SMK SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19

10.31219/osf.io/qyzja ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dudung Ma'ruf Nuris

Keyword(s):

Online Learning ◽

Student Performance ◽

Low Income ◽

Financial Literacy ◽

National Income ◽

Learning Activities ◽

Socioeconomic Background ◽

Young Generation ◽

Income Family ◽

The Impact

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in economic turmoil that hit almost all countries in the world. In households that the economy affected due to the pandemic, the children who are still students also disadvantaged because of the implementation of online learning. The socioeconomic background of students has an influence on student performance and achievement in learning activities during pandemic. With the economic downturn during pandemic period, students from low-income family had lower opportunities in online learning than students from high-income family. Students must have gadgets and internet data to be able to take part in online learning activitiy everyday, so they need to get economic help and encouragement from school and teachers so that they can continue their learning activities. This study aims to explain how financial literacy of vocational students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative approach and phenomenological study. The conclusion of this study is that financial literacy education from school can be a provision for young generation in the future and to move the wheels of economy which will have an impact on increasing national income and save the country from the impact of economic crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000210 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (5-6) ◽

pp. 244-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert J. Karp ◽

Gary Wong ◽

Marguerite Orsi

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Energy Content ◽

Food Selection ◽

The United States ◽

United States Department ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Caloric Density ◽

Low Income Families ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

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The Structure Among Measures of Personality, Social Attitudes, Values, and Social Norms

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001.28.4.240 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 240-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Lazar Stankov

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Social Norms ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Correlation Matrix ◽

Social Attitudes ◽

Group Differences ◽

Factor Scores ◽

Ethnic Group Differences ◽

Inside Out

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a study that employed measures of personality, social attitudes, values, and social norms that have been the focus of recent research in individual differences. These measures were given to a sample of participants (N = 1,255) who were enrolled at 25 US colleges and universities. Factor analysis of the correlation matrix produced four factors. Three of these factors corresponded to the domains of Personality/Amoral Social Attitudes, Values, and Social Norms; one factor, Conservatism, cut across the domains. Cognitive ability showed negative correlation with conservatism and amoral social attitudes. The study also examined gender and ethnic group differences on factor scores. The overall interpretation of the findings is consistent with the inside-out view of human social interactions.

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