scholarly journals Income Dynamics and the Life Cycle

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN RIGG ◽  
TOM SEFTON
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Poverty Dynamics ◽  
Partnership Formation ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
The Welfare State

This article argues that our understanding of income and poverty dynamics benefits from taking a life-cycle perspective. A person's age and family circumstances – the factors that shape their life cycle – affect the likelihood of experiencing key life events, such as partnership formation, having children, or retirement; this in turn affects their probability of experiencing rising, falling, or other income trajectories. Using ten waves of the British Household Panel Survey, we analyse the income trajectories of people at different stages in their lives in order to build a picture of income dynamics over the whole life cycle. We find that particular life events are closely associated with either rising or falling trajectories, but that there is considerable heterogeneity in income trajectories following these different events. Typically, individuals experiencing one of these life events are around twice as likely to experience a particular income trajectory, but most individuals will not follow the trajectory most commonly associated with that life event. This work improves our understanding of the financial impact of different life events and provides an indication of how effectively the welfare state cushions people against the potentially adverse impact of these events.

Dinamica del reddito e ciclo di vita

2009 ◽  
pp. 75-99
Author(s):  
John Rigg ◽  
Tom Sefton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Poverty Dynamics ◽  
Partnership Formation ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
The Welfare State

- This article argues that our understanding of income and poverty dynamics benefits from taking a life-cycle perspective. A person's age and family circumstances - the factors that shape their life cycle - affect the likelihood of experiencing key life events, such as partnership formation, having children, or retirement; this in turn affects their probability of experiencing rising, falling, or other income trajectories. Using ten waves of the British Household Panel Survey, we analyse the income trajectories of people at different stages in their lives in order to build a picture of income dynamics over the whole life cycle. We find that particular life events are closely associated with either rising or falling trajectories, but that there is considerable heterogeneity in income trajectories following these different events. Typically, individuals experiencing one of these life events are around twice as likely to experience a particular income trajectory, but most individuals will not follow the trajectory most commonly associated with that life event. This work improves our understanding of the financial impact of different life events and provides an indication of how effectively the welfare state cushions people against the potentially adverse impact of these events.

scholarly journals Beyond Operational Energy Efficiency: A Balanced Sustainability Index from a Life Cycle Consideration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11263
Author(s):  
Ming Hu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Operational Energy ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Most deep energy renovation projects focus only on an operating energy reduction and disregard the added embodied energy derived from adding insulation, window/door replacement, and mechanical system replacement or upgrades. It is important to study and address the balance and trade-offs between reduced operating energy and added embodied energy from a whole life cycle perspective to reduce the overall building carbon footprint. However, the added embodied energy and related environmental impact have not been studied extensively. In response to this need, this paper proposes a holistic sustainability index that balances the trade-off between reduced operating energy and added embodied energy. Eight case projects are used to validate the proposed method and calculation. The findings demonstrate that using a balanced sustainability index can reveal results different from a conventional operating energy-centric approach: (a) operating energy savings can be offset by the embodied energy gain, (b) the operating energy savings do not always result in a life cycle emissions reduction, and (c) the sustainability index can vary depending on the priorities the decision makers give to operating carbon, embodied carbon, and operating cost. Overall, the proposed sustainability score can provide us with a more comprehensive understanding of how sustainable the renovation works are from a life cycle carbon emissions perspective, providing a more robust estimation of global warming potential related to building renovation.

Chinese Green Building Government Incentive Method Research of the Basic Incremental Cost View

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 2277-2280
Author(s):  
Jing Fei Li ◽  
Yu Jia Li ◽  
Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
The Government ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

According to the positive externalities and pre-public goods attribute of Chinese Green Building, it is freely to give the benefit to society, the government needs to make a policy to help the Green Building become internalization for decreasing the incremental cost, and improve the development of the Green Building. Basic the analyzing of economics of Green Building properties, and the incremental cost in whole life cycle perspective to give some government policy for reducing the incremental cost. It can provide the preference of the guidance of Green Building for government, and improving the development of Green Building.

scholarly journals Research on the Cost of Distributed Photovoltaic Plant of China Based on Whole Life Cycle Perspective

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 89379-89389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Yong ◽  
Ji Desen ◽  
Liu Wen ◽  
Cheng Yunlong ◽  
Cai Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Photovoltaic Plant ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

scholarly journals Linking Design and Operation Phase Energy Performance Analysis Through Regression-Based Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Manfren ◽  
Benedetto Nastasi ◽  
Lamberto Tronchin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

The reduction of energy usage and environmental impact of the built environment and construction industry is crucial for sustainability on a global scale. We are working towards an increased commitment towards resource efficiency in the built environment and to the growth of innovative businesses following circular economy principles. The conceptualization of change is a relevant part of energy and sustainability transitions research, which is aimed at enabling radical shifts compatible with societal functions. In this framework, building performance has to be considered in a whole life cycle perspective because buildings are long-term assets. In a life cycle perspective, both operational and embodied energy and carbon emissions have to be considered for appropriate comparability and decision-making. The application of sustainability assessments of products and practices in the built environment is itself a critical and debatable issue. For this reason, the way energy consumption data are measured, processed, and reported has to be progressively standardized in order to enable transparency and consistency of methods at multiple scales (from single buildings up to building stock) and levels of analysis (from individual components up to systems), ideally complementing ongoing research initiatives that use open science principles in energy research. In this paper, we analyse the topic of linking design and operation phase’s energy performance analysis through regression-based approaches in buildings, highlighting the hierarchical nature of building energy modelling data. The goal of this research is to review the current state of the art of in order to orient future efforts towards integrated data analysis workflows, from design to operation. In this sense, we show how data analysis techniques can be used to evaluate the impact of both technical and human factors. Finally, we indicate how approximated physical interpretation of regression models can help in developing data-driven models that could enhance the possibility of learning from feedback and reconstructing building stock data at multiple levels.

scholarly journals Construction of exchange integrated information chain management model leading by information nurse for large instrument and equipment in operating room

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghua Dai ◽  
Xiaoqiang Ren ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Xiangdong Wang ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Equipment Management ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Information Chain ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Running Mode

Abstract Background This study aims to explore the information chain management model of large instrument and equipment inter-working in the operating room (OR) led by information nurses. Methods Through the chain management process of large instruments and equipment in the OR, which was based on information nurses, the management model of inter-working and integrating information chain was established, the key links were controlled, and the whole life cycle management of instruments and equipment from expected procurement to scrapping treatment was realized. Using the cluster sampling method, 1562 surgical patients were selected. Among these patients, 749 patients were assigned to the control group before the running mode, and 813 patients were assigned to the observation group after the running mode. The related indexes for large instrument and equipment management in the department before and after the running mode were compared. Results In the observation group, the average time of equipment registration was (22.05 ± 2.36), the cost was reduced by 2220 yuan/year, and the satisfaction rate of the nursing staff was 97.62%. These were significantly better, when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the awareness rate of the whole staff for equipment repair application was 95.12%, and the arrival time of maintenance personnel and the examination and approval time of equipment management were greatly shortened (P < 0.05). Conclusion The integrated management model of large instrument and equipment interworking in the OR based on chain flow realizes the whole life cycle management of instruments and equipment, which is essential to improve management efficiency.

scholarly journals BIM-Based Tools for Managing Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW): A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8427
Author(s):  
Bahareh Nikmehr ◽  
M. Reza Hosseini ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Nicholas Chileshe ◽  
Raufdeen Rameezdeen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Intellectual Deficiencies ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
Design And Construction

This article provides a picture of the latest developments in providing BIM-based tools for construction and demolition waste (CDW) management. The coverage and breadth of the literature on offering BIM-based tools and technologies for dealing with CDW throughout the whole life cycle of construction are investigated, and gaps are identified. Findings reveal that, although various BIM-based technologies are closely associated with CDW, much of the existing research on this area has focused on the design and construction phase; indeed, the problem of CDW in post-construction stages has received scant attention. Besides, the now available tools and technologies are lacking in cross-phase insights into project waste aspects and are weak in theoretical rigor. This article contributes to the field by identifying the intellectual deficiencies in offering BIM-based tools and technologies when dealing with CDW. So, too, it points to major priorities for future research on the topic. For practitioners, the study provides a point of reference and raises awareness in the field about the most advanced available BIM-based technologies for dealing with CDW problems.

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