Arnold Mitchell (1863–1944): ‘Fecundity’ and ‘Versatility’ in an Early Twentieth-Century Architect

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 199-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Sherriff
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Younger Men

The architectural historian Roderick Gradidge, referring to the 1900s, wrote that ‘in architecture there have never been such opportunities for younger men as there were at the turn of the century’. Arnold Mitchell is an architect typical of those who took advantage of such opportunities, a man (women were yet to have the chance) who saw the economic and aesthetic potential for new architecture, both nationally and internationally. Understanding the nature of architectural practice should not be reliant solely upon knowledge of the stellar architects of any given period. It depends upon integrating others, one or two rungs down the ladder but who achieved success in their own sphere, into the corpus examined, in order to achieve a fuller understanding of the profession.

Firearms and Princely Power in Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century

1972 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Caulk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Imperial Authority ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
National Leadership ◽  
Local Leaders

Several centuries after firearms had been introduced, they were still of little importance in Ethiopia, where cavalry continued to dominate warfare until the second half of the nineteenth century. Nevertheless, they were much sought after by local leaders ambitious to secure their autonomy or to grasp supreme authority. The first of these warlords to make himself emperor, Tēwodros (1855–68), owed nothing to firearms. However, his successors, Yohannis IV (1872–89) and Minīlik (d. 1913), did. Both excelled in their mastery of the new technology and acquired large quantities of quick-firing weapons. By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, possession of firearms — principally the breech loading rifle — had become a precondition for successfully contending for national leadership. Yet the wider revolution associated (as in Egypt) with the establishment of a European-style army did not follow. Nor was rearmament restricted to the following of the emperor. Despite the revival of imperial authority effected by Yohannis and Minīlik, rifles and even machine-guns were widely enough spread at the turn of the century to reinforce the fragmentation of power long characteristic of the Ethiopian state. Into the early twentieth century, it remained uncertain if the peculiar advantages of the capital in the import of arms would be made to serve centralization.

A Study in Merger: Formation of the International Mercantile Marine Company

1954 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Navin ◽  
Marian V. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Inadequate Information

Generalizations about the merger movement in America at the turn of the century have too open been predicated upon inadequate information about the motives and mechanisms involved and the results achieved. This has been particularly true of those combinations in which the firm of J. P. Morgan & Company was involved. The International Mercantile Marine Company merger of 1902 has hitherto been misrepresented as a promotion of Wall Street. The subsequent course of this venture shows how even a combination of the world's most astute bankers and shipping men could be misled in analysis and held powerless to affect their own destiny by the march of economic and political events. Not all the grand combinations of the early twentieth century yielded lush promotional profits; neither should the evidence of overcapitalization in such combinations always be accepted at face value.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Angela Frattarola
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Sound Perception ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Many ◽  
Geographical Scope ◽  
Century Literature

The introduction begins with a close reading of Rudyard Kipling’s “Wireless” in order to clarify the influence of auditory technology on turn-of-the-century literature. While explaining the geographical scope and limitations of the project, the Introduction situates the modernist shift toward sound perception as one of the many breaks with tradition that characterized the period. It also surveys recent scholarship that begins to consider how the soundscape, auditory technologies, and music of the early twentieth century influenced modernist literature.

Imagining Peaceful Conquest

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-78
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter focuses on the depiction of Jacques Marquette as a model of civilizing empire. It talks about Marquette's admirers who drew on and transformed historical sources, hagiography, and even anti-Jesuit discourse to depict the Jesuit as a particularly effective civilizer because of his ability to embody gentleness and bravery at the same time, which they often described as his embodiment of both “female” and “male” attributes. The chapter also provides an analysis of the ongoing popularity of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's 1855 epic poem, The Song of Hiawatha. It also argues that some turn-of-the-century Hiawatha readers invoked the poem's Marquette figure as a way to imagine and celebrate their own ongoing attempts at purportedly “peaceful” forms of conquest through the forced assimilation of Native Americans. The chapter ends with a review of the Marquette of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century commemorations that became a prototypical embodiment of imperial vision of domination without violence.

Curious Modernities: Early Twentieth-Century Balinese Textual Explorations

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Creese
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
The West ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Textual Representation ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The engagement of Balinese writers and intellectuals with the modern world began well before the final incorporation of the island into the Dutch colonial state in 1906–8. This essay analyzes three Balinese texts, each belonging to a different traditional Balinese literary genre, that were written around the beginning of the twentieth century. These texts, which deal with world events and geography, are Balinese reworkings of material from printed sources into indigenous forms of textual representation. They represent some of the earliest documented shifts toward modernity by indigenous Balinese writers and embody attempts to engage with modernity as a way of both understanding the West and coming to terms with new technologies. As examples of a localized translation of the foreign and the modern, they provide insights into how elite Balinese understandings of modernity were being constituted at the turn of the century.

scholarly journals What Lies Beneath? The History of Underground Public Conveniences in Dunedin 1910-1929

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Alison Breese
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
City Council ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Design Construction

Turn-of-the-century public conveniences are more than just reminders of a now common public service. The early twentieth century saw enormous transformation in the approach to public conveniences in New Zealand, evident in the changing architectural approaches in their design, construction and visibility. They brought challenges to Dunedin and its local authority, Dunedin City Council. Tasked with their supply, the Council was required to not only invest heavily but also commit to this public provision. This article looks at the establishment and the reasons for the decline of the popularity and use of the underground conveniences.

The Mansana Collection. A Treasury of Japanese Art in Barcelona at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-209
Author(s):  
Ricard Bru
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Japanese Art ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Abstract Josep Mansana Dordan, a well-known Catalan late-nineteenth-century businessman, founded what is considered the finest collection of Japanese art established in Catalonia and in Spain at the turn of the century. In the early twentieth century, the Mansana Collection, as it was known, enjoyed popularity and prestige in Barcelona thanks to its constant expansion driven by the founder’s son, Josep Mansana Terrés, also an entrepreneur. The collection was well known at the time, but fell into oblivion after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. It was not until 2013 that, on the occasion of the exhibition Japonisme. La fascinació per l’art japonès, the collection began to be rediscovered and studied. This article aims to present a first complete overview of the history and characteristics of the old Mansana Collection and its impact on Barcelona at and immediately after the turn of the twentieth century.

An Early Missionary Syllabary for the Hangzhou Dialect

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-524
Author(s):  
Richard VanNess Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Church Missionary Society ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
The Church

A picture of the phonology of the Hangzhou dialect at the turn of the century is found in a short book entitled Sound-table of the Hangchow dialect that was published in 1902 by the Church Missionary Society in Shàoxīng. The author of the book is not identified, but its production was no doubt associated with Bishop George Evans Moule, who for over 40 years, beginning in 1864, operated a mission in Hángzhōu affiliated with the Church Missionary Society. The spellings used in this book, which presents a syllabary of the Hángzhōu dialect, presumably reflect the system used in two textbooks on the dialect and a prayer book in colloquial Hángzhōu all written by Bishop Moule. The same spelling system was also used in a Hángzhōu vernacular translation of Matthew from the New Testament which was published sometime in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century.

Between Poland and Germany: Jewish Religious Practices in Illustrated Postcards of the Early Twentieth Century

2003 ◽  
pp. 137-166
Author(s):  
Shalom Sabar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Common ◽  
Social Message

This chapter assesses the production of Jewish postcards in the early twentieth century. The fact that the Jews in this period wanted to participate in the postcard phenomenon carries an important social message, and, as is implied in the common Hebrew term for the postcard at the time, mikhtav galui (open letter), this desire was clear for all to see. The printing and acquisition of postcards signified acceptance of and support for the public image portrayed upon them. They are therefore a mirror of the ideology and values of turn-of-the-century Jewish society as that society wished to present them. At the same time, the postcards contain valuable ethnographic information about the lives of Jews during those years. The production of Jewish postcards was concentrated in three centres: two in Europe (Germany and Poland) and one in the United States (primarily New York). Germany may be considered the birthplace of the Jewish illustrated postcard: the earliest examples known were produced there in the 1880s. The chapter then considers the portrayal of Jewish religious practices in the postcards.

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