scholarly journals Modelling X-ray and Gamma-ray Emission from Pulsars

2003 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
B. Rudak ◽  
J. Dyks
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
Energy Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Γ Ray

Lightcurves and broadband energy spectra of the brightest X/γ-ray sources among the rotation powered pulsars exhibit unexpected richness of features, making each object almost a unique case. This contribution presents how our models of high-energy radiation within the framework of SCLF (space charge limited flow) polar-cap scenarios tackle with some of these challenges.

High-energy radiation visualizer (HERV): a new system for imaging in X-ray and gamma-ray emission regions

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 2427-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Sudarkin ◽  
O.P. Ivanov ◽  
V.E. Stepanov ◽  
A.G. Volkovich ◽  
A.S. Turin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
Energy Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Emission ◽  
New System

scholarly journals Fermi-LAT and WMAP observations of the supernova remnant Puppis A

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S296) ◽  
pp. 295-299
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Grondin ◽  
John W. Hewitt ◽  
Marianne Lemoine-Goumard ◽  
Thierry Reposeur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ◽  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inverse Compton Scattering ◽  
Γ Ray

AbstractThe supernova remnant (SNR) Puppis A (aka G260.4-3.4) is a middle-aged supernova remnant, which displays increasing X-ray surface brightness from West to East corresponding to an increasing density of the ambient interstellar medium at the Eastern and Northern shell. The dense IR photon field and the high ambient density around the remnant make it an ideal case to study in γ-rays. Gamma-ray studies based on three years of observations with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard Fermi have revealed the high energy gamma-ray emission from SNR Puppis A. The γ-ray emission from the remnant is spatially extended, and nicely matches the radio and X-ray morphologies. Its γ-ray spectrum is well described by a simple power law with an index of ~2.1, and it is among the faintest supernova remnants yet detected at GeV energies. To constrain the relativistic electron population, seven years of Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data were also analyzed, and enabled to extend the radio spectrum up to 93 GHz. The results obtained in the radio and γ-ray domains are described in detail, as well as the possible origins of the high energy γ-ray emission (Bremsstrahlung, Inverse Compton scattering by electrons or decay of neutral pions produced by proton interactions).

scholarly journals High-energy astrophysics and the search for sources of gravitational waves

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2120) ◽  
pp. 20170294 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. O'Brien ◽  
P. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Compact Objects ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
Energy Radiation ◽  
Binary Mergers

The dawn of the gravitational-wave (GW) era has sparked a greatly renewed interest into possible links between sources of high-energy radiation and GWs. The most luminous high-energy sources—gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)—have long been considered as very likely sources of GWs, particularly from short-duration GRBs, which are thought to originate from the merger of two compact objects such as binary neutron stars and a neutron star–black hole binary. In this paper, we discuss: (i) the high-energy emission from short-duration GRBs; (ii) what other sources of high-energy radiation may be observed from binary mergers; and (iii) how searches for high-energy electromagnetic counterparts to GW events are performed with current space facilities. While current high-energy facilities, such as Swift and Fermi, play a crucial role in the search for electromagnetic counterparts, new space missions will greatly enhance our capabilities for joint observations. We discuss why such facilities, which incorporate new technology that enables very wide-field X-ray imaging, are required if we are to truly exploit the multi-messenger era. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The promises of gravitational-wave astronomy’.

scholarly journals Gamma-Ray Pulsar Emission Models

1996 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice K. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Index ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pulsar Emission ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Detectors ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Emission Models

AbstractWith the increased sensitivity of gamma-ray detectors on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) the number of presently known gamma-ray pulsars has grown. The new detections are beginning to provide clues to the origin of the high-energy radiation in the form of emerging patterns and correlations among observed quantities such as gamma-ray efficiency and spectral index vs. age. But there are still many questions about the location of the emission and its relation to the radio, optical and X-ray pulses. This paper will review models for gamma-ray emission from pulsars and will examine how well the detailed predictions of these models account for the existing observations.

High-energy radiation from natural lightning observed in coincidence with a VHF Lightning Interferometer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Urbani ◽  
Joan Montanyà ◽  
Oscar Van der Velde ◽  
Jesús Alberto López
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Strong Absorption ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Radiation Mechanism ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
Energy Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
Energy Emissions

<p>In the last two decades, it has been discovered that lightning strikes can emit high-energy radiation.<br>In particular, a phenomenon has been observed from space called "Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flash'' (TGF), which consists of an intense burst of gamma radiation that can be produced during thunderstorms. This phenomenon has met with considerable interest in the scientific community and its mechanism is still not fully understood. Nowadays several satellites for astrophysics like AGILE and FERMI are able to detect and map TGFs and specific instruments like the ASIM detector on the ISS are studying this phenomenon from space.<br>In the atmosphere, the high-energy radiation undergoes a strong absorption exponentially proportional to the air density which makes it more difficult to detect TGFs on the ground. Nonetheless, ground measurements were conducted and observed that even in cloud-to-ground lightning high-energy radiation were produced. In particular, the works of Moore et al. [2001] and Dwyer et al. [2005] highlight two lightning processes in which the X-ray emission could be produced: downward negative stepped leader and dart leader. Currently, it is not clear if the emissions revealed on the ground and the TGFs observed in space are essentially the same phenomenon or how these phenomena are related. For these reasons, it is particularly interesting to study high-energy emissions also from ground instruments because, despite the strong absorption of the high-energy radiation, ground observations can reach a better accuracy in time and space and provide crucial information to investigate the origin and conditions under which these emissions occur.<br>A privileged instrument for this research is the VHF Lightning Interferometer, a system of antennas that allows you to map lightning through the very high frequency (VHF) emission. Due to the high resolution of this instrument, should be possible to locate the origin of the high-energy emissions and hopefully provide a better understanding of the radiation mechanism.<br>The aim of this research is, therefore, to develop a 3D interferometry system to identify as accurately as possible the origin and the conditions in which the X-ray emission occurs in cloud-to-ground lightning and investigate the relation of the VHF emissions with the TGFs.<br>Recently an observation campaign was conducted in Colombia with two VHF Lightning Interferometers and two X-rays detectors. This interferometry system was installed in the coverage area of a Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) and LINET to take advantage of the complementary information that these lightning location networks could provide. At the moment, about 15 lightning events with X-ray emissions were observed, including five X-ray bursts from downward negative leaders and two emissions from dart leaders. Further studies and analysis of the collected data are still ongoing.</p>

scholarly journals Search for ultra-high energy radiation from gamma-ray bursts

1994 ◽  
Vol 426 ◽  
pp. L1 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Alexandreas ◽  
G. E. Allen ◽  
D. Berley ◽  
S. Biller ◽  
R. L. Burman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
Energy Radiation

scholarly journals Gamma-ray Bursts at the Highest Energies

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Lara Nava
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
Energy Radiation ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Very High

Emission from Gamma-ray bursts is thought to be powered mainly by synchrotron radiation from energetic electrons. The same electrons might scatter these synchrotron seed photons to higher (>10 GeV) energies, building a distinct spectral component (synchrotron self-Compton, SSC). This process is expected to take place, but its relevance (e.g., the ratio between the SSC and synchrotron emitted power) is difficult to predict on the basis of current knowledge of physical conditions at GRB emission sites. Very high-energy radiation in GRBs can be produced also by other mechanisms, such as synchrotron itself (if PeV electrons are produced at the source), inverse Compton on external seed photons, and hadronic processes. Recently, after years of efforts, very high-energy radiation has been finally detected from at least four confirmed long GRBs by the Cherenkov telescopes H.E.S.S. and MAGIC. In all four cases, the emission has been recorded during the afterglow phase, well after the end of the prompt emission. In this work, I give an overview, accessible also to non-experts of the field, of the recent detections, theoretical implications, and future challenges, with a special focus on why very high-energy observations are relevant for our understanding of Gamma-ray bursts and which long-standing questions can be finally answered with the help of these observations.

scholarly journals The high-energy radiation environment of the habitable-zone super-Earth LHS 1140b

2019 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. A144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Spinelli ◽  
F. Borsa ◽  
G. Ghirlanda ◽  
G. Ghisellini ◽  
S. Campana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Energy Distribution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
Low Mass Stars ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
Energy Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Low Mass

Context. In the last few years many exoplanets in the habitable zone (HZ) of M-dwarfs have been discovered, but the X-ray/UV activity of cool stars is very different from that of our Sun. The high-energy radiation environment influences the habitability, plays a crucial role for abiogenesis, and impacts the chemistry and evolution of planetary atmospheres. LHS 1140b is one of the most interesting exoplanets discovered. It is a super-Earth-size planet orbiting in the HZ of LHS 1140, an M4.5 dwarf at ~15 parsecs. Aims. In this work, we present the results of the analysis of a Swift X-ray/UV observing campaign. We characterize for the first time the X-ray/UV radiation environment of LHS 1140b. Methods. We measure the variability of the near ultraviolet (NUV) flux and estimate the far ultraviolet (FUV) flux with a correlation between FUV1344−1786Å and NUV1771−2831Å flux obtained using the sample of low-mass stars in the GALEX archive. We highlight the presence of a dominating X-ray source close to the J2000 coordinates of LHS 1140, characterize its spectrum, and derive an X-ray flux upper limit for LHS 1140. We find that this contaminant source could have influenced the previously estimated spectral energy distribution. Results. No significant variation of the NUV1771−2831Å flux of LHS 1140 is found over 3 months, and we do not observe any flare during the 38 ks on the target. LHS 1140 is in the 25th percentile of least variable M4-M5 dwarfs of the GALEX sample. Analyzing the UV flux experienced by the HZ planet LHS 1140b, we find that outside the atmosphere it receives a NUV1771−2831Å flux <2% with respect to that of the present-day Earth, while the FUV1344−1786Å/NUV1771−2831Å ratio is ~100–200 times higher. This represents a lower limit to the true FUV/NUV ratio since the FUV1344−1786Å band does not include Lyman-alpha, which dominates the FUV output of low-mass stars. This is a warning for future searches for biomarkers, which must take into account this high ratio. Conclusions. The relatively low level and stability of UV flux experienced by LHS 1140b should be favorable for its present-day habitability.

scholarly journals Two-pole Caustic Model for High-energy Radiation from Pulsars — Polarization

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 373-374
Author(s):  
Jarosław Dyks ◽  
Alice K. Harding ◽  
Bronisław Rudak
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Crab Pulsar ◽  
Gap Model ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
Energy Radiation ◽  
Cap Model

We present high-energy light curves and polarization properties of pulsars calculated within the recently proposed two-pole caustic model. The results are compared with the optical data for the Crab pulsar and with predictions of other high-energy pulsar models: the polar cap model, and the outer gap model.

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