An Acheulean Industry with Prepared Core Technique and the Discovery of a Contemporary Hominid Mandible at Lake Baringo, Kenya

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 48-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Leakey ◽  
P. V. Tobias ◽  
J. E. Martyn ◽  
R. E. F. Leakey
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Small Section ◽  
Factory Site

The material discussed in this paper was obtained during 1966 from the region to the west of Lake Baringo. Excavations were conducted in two areas about a mile apart, on either side of the Kapthurin River. The positions of these excavations are to be found on the 1: 50,000 Survey of Kenya map, Sheet 90/4 of Series Y731, Edition I-D.O.S. The first is located at ZR 314/637 and the second at ZR 316/621. Fig. 1 is based on a small section of Sheets 30/4 and 31/3 and is reproduced by permission of the Director of Surveys, Nairobi. A hominid mandible and a living site were discovered in the first area whilst in the second a factory site was found. These sites lie in the Kapthurin Beds of the eastern area of the Kamasian Hills. The beds are possibly upper Middle Pleistocene and are divided from the underlying Chemeron beds which are of Plio/Pleistocene age.The geology of the area was first described by J. W. Gregory (1921). It was subsequently studied and re-assessed by V. E. Fuchs (1939 and 1950) and by McCall, Baker and Walsh (1967). The most recent study has been made by Mr J. E. Martyn of Bedford College, London, who was engaged in geological mapping of the area west of Lake Baringo in 1966 and 1967. A report on the Kapthurin Beds by J. E. Martyn follows this introduction.During the course of mapping, J. E. Martyn and his assistants found a number of fossils in the Chemeron beds. He showed these to Mr Jonathan Leakey who noticed an incomplete hominid temporal bone amongst them.

On the issues related to the discoid cores

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Youcheng Chen ◽  
Tongli Qu
Keyword(s):  
Middle Stone Age ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The West ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Old World ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe discoid core and the Levallois core are important symbols of the Middle Paleolithic Age in the west of the Old World. The two types of artifacts show not only technical relationships but also differences. The discoid core can be classified into two sub-types, namely the unifacial and the bifacial classes. In China, discoid cores may have appeared in the upper Middle Pleistocene, and prevailed in the lower and middle Upper Pleistocene, which corresponded to the middle Paleolithic Age in Europe and to the Middle Stone Age in Africa. The discovery and study of discoid cores provide significant insight into the culture of the Middle Paleolithic Age in China.

scholarly journals Turonian flint economy in the easternmost Magdalenian: new data from Stare Baraki, site 1 (eastern Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Wiśniewski ◽  
Maciej T. Krajcarz ◽  
Karol Standzikowski
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Lithic Raw Materials ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

AbstractMagdalenian communities exploited mostly local and regional good-quality lithic raw materials. In south-eastern Poland, being the easternmost fringe of the Magdalenian range, Turonian grey flint had a particular importance. Outcrops of this raw material occur both at the west and at the east sides the Vistula River Gorge. The varieties from the eastern area (called here “eastern Turonian flint” or ETF) are common among inventories of the Magdalenian sites situated to west of the Vistula river. This fact points toward the frequent penetration of the ETF outcrop area by those societies. However, no Magdalenian sites were known directly from the ETF deposit area, and this gap in knowledge restricted further understanding of the character and diversity of Magdalenian activity there. Therefore, in this paper, we present the results of searching for Magdalenian sites within the ETF outcrop zone. Applied methodology included study of the archive archaeological materials, followed by detail survey and excavation of the selected site—Stare Baraki 1. This site documents a short stay or multiple stays of Magdalenian people, who were focused on Turonian flint knapping. Lithic inventory records collecting of several local flint varieties at the distance up to around 20 km from the site, followed by almost all stages of flint working. The material from Stare Baraki is the first known and currently the only trace of the Magdalenian people inside the zone of Turonian flint deposits on the right bank of the Vistula river. The study in Stare Baraki delivered new data for the reconstruction of territory exploitation strategies used in the easternmost Magdalenian.

Late Middle Pleistocene deposits at Norton Farm on the West Sussex coastal plain, southern England

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R. Bates ◽  
C. Richard Bates ◽  
Philip L. Gibbard ◽  
Richard I. Macphail ◽  
Frederick J. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
The West ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Late Middle Pleistocene

A Minoan Pottery Kiln at Palaikastro

1980 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costis Davaras
Keyword(s):  
Northern Slope ◽  
The West ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Small Section ◽  
Pottery Kiln

Nowadays new country tracks are constantly being opened all over the Greek countryside, as demanded by the general mechanization of agricultural work. This is at once the hope and despair of the archaeologist in charge of the area as it often reveals and sometimes destroys antiquities otherwise completely buried and unsuspected.A new country track of this kind following the foot of the northern slope of the Anemospiliara Hill just to the west of the loftier Petsophas at Palaikastro ran very near the top of the side of a curious round construction with burnt edges, a small section of which was barely visible below a thick bush of prinos (Plate 1). The area, known as Στῶν Μανϱοκουκουλήδων οἱ πεζοῦλες, is about 400 metres from the sea and 300 metres SE of the excavated parts of the Minoan town of Palaikastro at Roussolakkos. From it there is a splendid view over the whole site and the small bay of Palaikastro, with the trapezoidal Kastri Hill dominating the horizon in the background (map Fig. 1).

Hominid colonisation and the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic of the West Midlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 63-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T.O. Lang ◽  
D.H. Keen
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
The West ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Record ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Early Humans ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
The University ◽  
Palaeolithic Archaeology ◽  
New Time

The recognition over the last 20 years that the Quaternary deposits of the West Midlands cover a longer period of time than previously envisaged has led to a re-analysis of their contained Palaeolithic archaeology. Stone tools have been found in the region for over a hundred years and cover most periods of hominid colonisation from the time of the earliest occupants of the country over half a million years ago. Twentieth century research in the West Midlands, often led by Professor F. W. Shotton at the University of Birmingham, correlated the Palaeolithic of the region with the Quaternary geological sequence as it was then understood. Shotton identified the ‘Wolstonian’ glaciation as the key event of the Midlands Pleistocene, around which a chronology for the Palaeolithic could be built and gave an age of less than 250 kyr for this episode. Work since 1985 has compared the Midlands sequence with the oxygen isotope record of the ocean basins and shown that the concept of a relatively recent ‘Wolstonian’ is now untenable and that the former chronology built around it is too short for the observed events in the area. This new time paradigm, with the earliest occupation of the area thought to be c. 500 kyr, has made necessary a reconsideration of the chronology of the Palaeolithic and Middle Pleistocene of the area. This new time framework brings into critical focus the issue of reworking of the archaeology and its true age. The tools themselves present complications of analysis compared to many other areas containing a Palaeolithic record, perhaps most notably through the use of largely non-flint raw materials, some which may have been introduced into the area by early humans or an hither-to unidentified glacial event. This opportunity to present a new chronology of occupation comes out of the work carried out by the ‘Shotton Project’ based at the University of Birmingham, and by the University of Liverpool.

scholarly journals ¿PUEDE HABER 5 FASES DE DEFORMACIÓN HERCÍNICA EN LA ZONA DE VALDEMORILLO (MADRID)?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Real Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
The West ◽  
Central System ◽  
Kinematic Evolution ◽  
Hercynian Orogeny ◽  
Spanish Central System

This work aims to understand the processes that have taken part in the deformation, both on a small and large scale, of metamorphic materials in Valdemorillo area, located in the west of the Community of Madrid and within the Spanish Central System. The objective is to understand the kinematic evolution and the specific mechanical behaviour of igneous-metamorphic materials from the area, deformed by certain efforts developed throughout the Hercynian Orogeny. Therefore, a structural analysis has been carried out throughout a geological mapping scaled 1: 25000 and the analysis of various petrographic studies by microscope. Thus, a total of 5 different deformations have been identified, which have allowed us to better understand the reconstruction of the processes generated in these materials and that we see today.

scholarly journals Variations in the bathymetry and bottom morphology of the Izu-Bonin Trench modelled by GMT

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Polina Lemenkova
Keyword(s):  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
M 10 ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Second Peak

AbstractCartographic visualisation is a central concept in geoinformatics, and Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) functionality provides a variety of modules for effective mapping. However, due to its specific scripting approach, there is not enough reported experience of GMT mapping, comparing to traditional GIS. This contribution introduces steps that can be taken to perform cartographic mapping and modelling using GMT. Geographically, this paper investigates the Izu-Bonin Trench in the Pacific Ocean. The aim was to compare its geomorphology in two segments, and each was modelled by a series of profiles. The comparative analysis shows that the southern segment is deeper and is a more precisely V-shaped form with a steeper gradient slope. The northern part has an asymmetric slope with submarine terraces to the west and a straight shape to the east. The northern profile is based on 407 samples (13.5%) at depths of −5,600 to −5,800 m, followed by 304 samples at −5,800 to −6,000 m (10%). The southern histogram has a bimodal distribution with two peaks: 523 samples (20%) with depths of −5,800 to −6,000 m. The second peak (10%) is on the Bonin Ridge. The GMT proved to be an effective instrument for marine geological mapping, 3D and 2D modelling, statistical analysis and graphical plotting.

Remote Sensing Aplication and Geochemical Studies for Hydrocarbon-Induced Alterations Discoveries in Western Kendeng Zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F., R. Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
The South ◽  
The West

The development of satellite imaging technology that has spectral capability has the potential to be utilized in hydrocarbon exploration. The presence of hydrocarbons can be detected through spectral recording of hydrocarbon seepage. Over a long period, hydrocarbon seepage will change the chemical structure and mineralogy of the surrounding soil and rocks, so that it will cause spectral anomalies that are key to the existence of active hydrocarbons and petroleum systems. The West Kendeng zone was chosen as a research location because several hydrocarbon seepage sites were found to contain, either oil or gas in the area. Based on hydrocarbon seepage spectral theory, Landsat 8 imagery has a wavelength spectrum capability that is sensitive to the anomalous object of hydrocarbon seepage. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon seepage areas in the West Kendeng zone by using Landsat 8 imagery. In addition to using Landsat 8, to strengthen the research results a surface geological mapping process was also carried out at the seepage location. Then the samples obtained were analyzed by XRD and XRF. XRD analysis was carried out to determine the types of minerals that became an anomaly around the seepage location. In addition, the XRF analysis is carried out to determine the chemical composition of rocks that have undergone alteration. Based on the results of Landsat 8 data calibration, an altered rock which is an anomaly of hydrocarbon seepage is found in the south and southwest of the study site. These results are confirmed by the location of the discovery of several points of seepage of hydrocarbons in the research area. The XRD test results also showed anomalous clay mineral content in the form of halloysite, albite, and augite in the southwest and south of the study site. Besides this anomaly, magnetite and pyrite were also found at that location. While the XRF test results from the sample also showed the presence of Fe2O3 element at 9.21% and CaO at 7.42% in the south and southwest of the study location. This indicates a reaction between hydrocarbons and rocks that affect the acidity conditions around them, so they will form clay minerals, iron oxides, and iron sulfides. Therefore, based on Landsat 8 image analysis, XRD, and XRF, a hydrocarbon seepage distribution area accumulated in the Bancak, Boto, Wonokerto, and Nyemoh areas in the Semarang Regency.

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