scholarly journals Identifying Resource Barriers to Local Economy Growth

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Roberts

Congress and the majority of coastal states have recognized the complexity of public decisions concerning growth in coastal areas. The preponderance of common pool resources and regional goods in coastal areas has prompted lawmarkers to pass coastal zone management legislation prior to a national land use bill. New state level institutions have been fostered by the Office of Coastal Zone Management. However, it is at the local level where resulting institutional rules represent self-imposed natural resource barriers to growth. Communities face the task of improving income streams from expansion of existing business activity or opting for new industries. Local governments have scurried to consultants and universities for solutions of community development and natural resource problems. The study described here represents one type of response. Although an Oregon county was the researcher's focus, it involved the pith of local economy growth—income generation and natural or self-imposed resource barriers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahrus Ali ◽  
Zaka Firma Aditya ◽  
Abdul Basid Fuadi

Sepuluh tahun yang lalu putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 3/PUU-VIII/2010 telah menegaskan bahwa  bahwa pemberian hak pengusahaan perairan pesisir (HP3) oleh pemerintah kepada pihak swasta bertentangan dengan konstitusi, terutama dengan Pasal 33 ayat (4) UUD 1945. Pembentuk undang-undang kemudian merespon putusan tersebut dengan merevisi UU Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 menjadi Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil. Revisi tersebut telah mengubah Rezim HP3 dari UU 27/2007 menjadi rezim perizinan dalam UU 1/2014. Sayangnya, perubahan tersebut justru menimbulkan berbagai persoalan mulai dari konflik antara undang-undang serta peraturan dibawah undang-undang yang pada akhirnya sangat berpotensi merugikan hak-hak konstitusional masyarakat pesisir pantai. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada aspek yuridis maupun sosiologis terkait perlindungan hak-hak konstitusional masyarakat pesisir pantai setelah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 3/PUU-VIII/2010. Penelitian ini secara mendalam membahas mengenai tindaklanjut putusan MK a quo oleh pembentuk undang-undang, pemerintah pusat hingga pemerintah daerah dan stakeholder serta pemenuhan hak-hak konstitusional masyarakat pesisir pantai. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan cara meneliti Putusan MK Nomor 3/PUU-VIII/2010. Pembahasan secara deskriptif digunakan untuk memahami politik hukum pengelolaan wilayah pesisir sebagai upaya memenuhi hak-hak konstitusional masyarakat pesisir pantai. Disamping itu, Pengelolaan wilayah pesisir secara terpadu yang merupakan proses yang dinamis, multidisiplin, dan berulang untuk mempromosikan pengelolaan kawasan pesisir yang berkelanjutan. Termasuk seluruh siklus pengumpulan informasi, perencanaan, pengambilan keputusan, manajemen dan pemantauan implementasi. Ten years ago, the Constitutional Court Decision Number 3/PUU-VIII/2010 confirmed that the granting of concession rights for coastal waters (after this: HP3) by the government to private parties was contrary against the constitution, especially Article 33 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution. Legislators then respond to the decision to revise Law No. 27 of 2007 as Law No. 1 of 2014 on the Amendment of Law No. 27 of 2007 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands. The revision has changed the HP3 regime from Law 27/2007 to the licensing regime in Law 1/2014. Unfortunately, these changes would lead to various juridical problems ranging from conflict between the laws and regulations under legislation that ultimately is potentially detrimental to the constitutional rights of coastal communities. This research focuses on juridical and sociological aspects related to the coastal communities protection of constitutional rights after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 3/PUU-VIII/2010. This research in-depth discusses the follow-up of the Constitutional Court decision a quo by legislators, central government, local governments, stakeholders, and the fulfilment of the constitutional rights of coastal communities. This research is normative legal research by examining the Constitutional Court decision Number 3/PUU-VIII/2010. The descriptive discussion used to understand coastal zone management law's politics to fulfil the constitutional rights of coastal communities. Besides, integrated coastal zone management (Integrated Coastal Zone Management) is a dynamic process, multidisciplinary, and repeated to promote sustainable coastal areas' sustainable management. It includes the whole cycle of information collection, planning, decision-making, management, and implementation monitoring.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Zhukovina

Настоящая статья посвящена существующим проблемам комплексного управления прибрежными зонами, отсутствию понятийного аппарата в современных законодательных актах, несовершенству законодательной базы. Проведено сравнение российских нормативноправовых актов с иностранными, регулирующими деятельность комплексного управления прибрежными зонами (КУПЗ). Выделены факторы, сдерживающие развитие пляжного туризма. Особое внимание уделяется отсутствию определенного понятия прибрежная зона . Большая часть истории человечества прочно связана с бухтами, заливами, морями и океанами, поскольку исторически прибрежные полосы являлись наиболее привлекательными для их заселения и/или для ведения хозяйственной деятельности. Спустя тысячелетия улучшились условия труда и производства, человечество переживает очередную научнотехническую революцию и уже в гораздо меньшей степени испытывает зависимость от внешних факторов, формируя свою внешнюю среду, но как сотни, тысячи лет назад побережье играет столь же значительную роль в жизни человечества, как и в прошлом. Несомненно, побережье является ценным природным ресурсом. В настоящее время прибрежные зоны привлекают внимание не только исключительно с хозяйственной точки зрения или как район благоприятный для заселения. Прибрежные зоны сегодня рассматриваются, как эффективный рекреационный ресурс. Туристическая отрасль активно развивается, увеличивается доступность туристических услуг, уменьшается их стоимость. В туризм, организованный и неорганизованный, вовлекается все большее количество людей как в России, так и в мире. Происходящее развитие туристической деятельности связано с глобализацией, в которую вовлекаются все больше стран, с активной миграцией товаров, услуг, работ, капитала, знаний, ведь туризм является эффективным средством реализации социокультурных ценностей в сфере досуга. Неэффективная и бесконтрольная эксплуатация прибрежной зоны может повлечь за собой деградацию берегов, загрязнение береговой зоны, и, следовательно, это приведет к утрате рекреационной привлекательности. Одна из важных проблем, которую необходимо преодолеть, это поиск баланса между нуждами природопользователей и пределами сохранения естественных ландшафтов.The present article is devoted to the problems of integrated coastal zone management. This research highlights the lack of a conceptual apparatus in Russian modern legislative acts. A comparison of Russian regulatory legal acts with foreign ones regulating the activities of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) has been carried out. The factors constraining the development of beach tourism are selected in this research. The coastal zone and its ICZM are reviewed in Russian, US, and EU legislation. The attention is paid to the necessity to take the legal acts to control the coastal territories. Nowadays the coastal stripes attract economic resource as well as tourist resource. Currently the tourism industry is actively developing. More and more people are involved in organized and unorganized tourist activities. We can often watch tourists on vacation in various coastal areas. And these areas are often unorganized (or illegal) tourist sites. Inefficient and irrational use of the shores leads to severe environmental pollution, degradation of shores. This problem is very relevant, because the absence of such a regulatory act means the inability to regulate sufficiently the use of coastal strips for economic and tourist purposes. It should be noted that there is no comprehensive regulatory legal act that would comprehensively regulate tourist activities in the Russian legislation. A situation of misunderstanding is likely when solving the same issues by various organizations, nature users and the public without developing a clear conceptual apparatus. One of the important problems that must be overcome is to find a balance between the interests of users of nature, society and the possible tourist load on coastal areas without losing its natural landscape.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Leone ◽  
Corrado Zoppi

In 2008, the Council of the European Union adopted the “Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management” (ICZM Protocol), then ratified by Decision No. 2010/631/EU. The ICZM Protocol defines integrated coastal zone management as a dynamic and flexible process that accounts for the relations between coastal ecosystems and landscape as well as the activities and the uses that characterize coastal areas. Integrated management of coastal zones is still a critical process in terms of translating theory into practice. In this theoretical framework, strategic environmental assessment (SEA) helps to improve decision-making processes related to coastal spatial planning by integrating development goals and sustainability criteria. This study proposes a methodological approach concerning ICZM-based decision-making processes at the local level. The methodology is implemented in relation to three case studies concerning three towns located in southwest Sardinia. The results show a general consistency between the analyzed plans in terms of objectives and themes. Three specific issues are particularly relevant in terms of integration of economic and social objectives and sustainability goals, that is, relations between beach services and coastal ecosystems, protection of coastal ecosystems, and accessibility to the coastal zones.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Carlos Mestanza-Ramón ◽  
J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz ◽  
Giorgio Anfuso ◽  
Alexis Mooser ◽  
Camilo M. Botero ◽  
...  

Tourism in coastal areas is becoming increasingly important in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) as an integrated approach that balances the requirements of different tourist sectors. This paper analyzes ICZM in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands from the perspective of the 3S tourism, and presents its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). The methodology used was based on a literature review of ten aspects of the highest relevance to ICZM, i.e., Policies, Regulations, Responsibilities, Institutions, Strategies and Instruments, Training, Economic Resources, Information, Education for Sustainability, and Citizen Participation. The results highlight four aspects as strengths (Policies, Responsibilities, Institutions and Citizen Participation), while the most notable weaknesses were Regulations and Education for sustainability. Strategies and Instruments, as well as Information, were identified as opportunities to stand out. The main threats were Economic Resources and Training. Ecuador does not have clearly established public policies that would allow for the integrated management of 3S tourism and be considered as productive, valuable alternatives. It is necessary to consolidate and promote 3S tourism as a State policy and as a means to improve the economies in coastal areas. Finally, Ecuador needs to overcome negative changes in the macroeconomic environment and reverse its current deteriorated image.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-373
Author(s):  
David Popp

AbstractInnovation is an important part of energy policy, and encouraging clean energy innovation is often an explicit goal of policy makers. For local governments, promoting clean energy innovation is seen not only as a pathway to a cleaner economy but also as a tool for promoting the local economy. But is such optimism warranted? There is a substantial literature examining the relationships between innovation and environmental policy, but few studies focus explicitly on innovation at the state and local level. In this paper, I provide key lessons from research on clean energy innovation, focusing on lessons relevant for state and local governments. I then summarize the results of a recent working paper by Fu et al. (2018) that studied wind energy innovation across individual states in the United States. While state-level policies can promote clean energy innovation, it is overall market size that matters most. Thus, innovation need not occur in those states most actively promoting clean energy. I conclude with lessons for state and local governments drawn from both this work and the broader literature on energy innovation.


Author(s):  
Filippo Bosi ◽  
Maria Antonietta Esposito

The paper illustrates the LaCoast Project (LAnd cover changes in COASTal zones), a harmonised and consistent geo-referenced database that constitute a base tool for integrated spatial analysis of policies. It is meant to support sustainable management of the coastal areas trough the collection of information about their state and the impact of anthropic activities on them. The aim of the project ad its tools is assisting the development of tailored European policies for coastal zone management to be used both at regional and national level


Baltic Region ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Mikhaylov ◽  
Angelina P. Plotnikova

Throughout the history of humankind, people have settled along seashores. The gradual accumulation of population and industrial activity in coastal areas has created preconditions for coastalisation — the movement of people and socio-economic activity to marine coasts. To date, coastal areas have a higher rate of economic development, fostering migration and an influx of capital across the globe. Scholars and policymakers voice concerns about the asymmetry of regional development and the increasing anthropogenic impact on the coastal ecosystem. It reinforces the importance of coastal zone management. In this study, we use an example of the Baltic region to identify the coastalisation patterns in the Baltic region and answer the question, whether there can be a single definition of the coastal zone of the Baltic region. According to a broad definition, the Baltic macro-region is nearly all coastal and, consequently, all settlements are influenced by the coastalisation effect. We have studied the urban population dynamics in 128 cities of 45 coastal regions through the lens of various characteristics of a coastal city — the distance from the sea (10, 50, 100, and 150 km), location in a coastal region (NUTS 2), availability of a port and its primary maritime activity (tankers, cargo, fishing, passenger, recreational vessels and others). The research results suggest that despite the strong coherence of the Baltic region countries, there should not be a single delimitation approach to defining the coastal zone. Overall, the most active marine economic processes occur in the zone up to 10 km from the seacoast and 30 km from ports and port infrastructure. However, in the case of Sweden, Poland, and Latvia, the coastal zone can be extended to 50 km, and in Germany — up to 150 km inland.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7173
Author(s):  
Eglė Baltranaitė ◽  
Loreta Kelpšaitė-Rimkienė ◽  
Ramūnas Povilanskas ◽  
Ilona Šakurova ◽  
Vitalijus Kondrat

Coastal regions of the Baltic Sea are among the most intensively used worldwide, resulting in a need for a holistic management approach. Therefore, there is a need for strategies that even out the seasonality, which would ensure a better utilization of natural resources and infrastructure and improve the social and economic conditions. To assess the effectiveness of coastal zone planning processes concerning sustainable tourism and to identify and substantiate significant physical geographical factors impacting the sustainability of South Baltic seaside resorts, several data sets from previous studies were compiled. Seeking to improve the coastal zone’s ecological sustainability, economic efficiency, and social equality, a qualitative study (content analysis of planning documents) and a quantitative survey of tourists’ needs expressed on a social media platform and in the form of a survey, as well as long-term hydrometeorological data, were used. Furthermore, a Bayesian Network framework was used to combine knowledge from these different sources. We present an approach to identifying the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing the sustainability of coastal resorts. The results of this study may be used to advise local governments on a broad spectrum of Integrated Coastal Management matters: planning the development of the beaches and addressing the seasonality of use, directing investments to improve the quality of the beaches and protect them from storm erosion, and maintaining the sand quality and beach infrastructure. The lessons learned can be applied to further coastal zone management research by utilizing stakeholders and expert opinion in quantified current beliefs.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Hidaka

Coastal areas are a critical space for humans and other living things and must be properly managed. Coastal management is complicated by the diverse use of coastal areas by diverse individuals. The proposed method is integrated coastal area management that integrates various sectors. Satoumi has been proposed and practiced in Japan and is one of the voluntary coastal zone managements of shallow water. The author proposed a multilevel management system with Satoumi as a basic element. The multilevel management system manages the waters under the jurisdiction of prefectures through multistep efforts such as providing Satoumi, Satoumi networks, and administrative coastal infrastructure. The author also proposed that multistep efforts be bundled with network governance. In this report, after introducing the multistep management system, the efforts of coastal zone management in Shizugawa Bay and the coast of Kagawa Prefecture in Japan were evaluated as a multistep management system and network governance, and the characteristics and issues of each approach were extracted. Furthermore, the effectiveness of multilevel management systems and network governance were examined.


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