A Public Policy for Plant Genetic Resources

Worldview ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Weiskel
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Biotic Diversity

Tropical rain forests have long been recognized as a rich repository of plant species, but it is only relatively recently that scientists have understood their crucial role in maintenance of the world's biotic diversity. Ecologists now estimate that the tropical rain forests harbor fully a fourth of the world's species of plantsmore than any other single ecosystem —and it is for this reason that concern is mounting over the recent devastation of tropical forests.

scholarly journals Temperature is a dominant driver of distinct annual seasonality of leaf litter production of equatorial tropical rain forests

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanehiro Kitayama ◽  
Masayuki Ushio ◽  
Shin-ichiro Aiba
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
List Type ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Leaf Litterfall ◽  
Annual Periodicity

ABSTRACTIntra-annual periodicity of canopy photosynthetic activity and leaf development has been documented in seasonal and weakly-seasonal tropical forests in the Amazon and elsewhere. However, vegetative periodicity such as leaf flush and fall in apparently “aseasonal” equatorial tropical forests has not been well documented. Moreover, causal drivers of the vegetative periodicity in those forests have not been identified largely because of the difficulty in performing manipulative experiments targeting whole forest ecosystem dynamics.Here we show a distinct annual seasonality in canopy dynamics using a Fourier analysis with a statistical significance test on the long-term, fortnightly monitored dataset of leaf litterfall in nine evergreen tropical rain forests on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Statistically significant annual periodicity occurs across altitudes and soil types in all years irrespective of the year-to-year climatic variability, suggesting that fluctuations in regional climate rather than local micro-climatic, edaphic and/or biotic conditions cause the precise 1-year periodicity.We examine climatic factors that have causative effects on the distinct 1-year periodicity using the spectrum convergent cross mapping that we developed in the present study to distinguish causal relationships from seasonality-driven synchronization. According to the analysis, we find that mean daily air temperature is most strongly, causatively related to the 1-year periodicity of leaf litterfall. However, knowledge on ecophysiolocial and molecular mechanisms underlying temperature-control of tropical tree growth is limited and further studies are required to understand the detailed mechanisms.(Synthesis) We suggest that intra-annual temperature changes in association with the movement of the intertropical convergence zone cause the distinct annual vegetative periodicity. Because vegetative periodicity can be transmitted to the dynamics of higher trophic levels through a trophic cascade, interactions between vegetative periodicity and daily air temperature, not rainfall, would more strongly cause changes in the dynamics of equatorial tropical rain forests. Our results show that clear vegetative periodicity (i.e., annual seasonality) can be found in equatorial tropical rain forests under diverse local environments, and that air temperature is a more important factor than the other climate variables in the climate-forest ecosystem interactions.

scholarly journals Safeguarding Wild Plant Genetic Resources of Georgia within the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Tsira Mikatadze-Panstulaia ◽  
Sandro Kolbaia ◽  
Ana Gogoladze
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens

Working group of the Department of Plant Conservation of the National Botanical Garden of Georgia (NBGG) have been participating in the global Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, led by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew since 2005. During the 2005-2018 period, within the scope of MSB-1 and MSB-2, seeds and herbarium samples of more than 1750 plant species and interspecific taxa, belonging to 107 families and 483 genera (more than 41% of Georgia’s flora) – 348 endemics of Caucasus and 151 endemics of Georgia, have been secured in the National Seed Bank of Georgia (NSB). Seed Bank data are managed in BRAHMS (Department of Plant Sciences of Oxford University). The collection of wild plant species is accompanied by the comprehensive database of geographical, botanical and habitat information. Later phase involves laboratory treatment and germination/viability testing (at least 500 seeds per species) and the long-term deposition and storage (under -20◦C temperature) at the National Seed Bank of Georgia. The duplicates of seed collection and herbarium vouchers are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Germination capacity and viability of collections in NSB is determined before cold storage of seeds, while at the MSB already banked seeds are tested.Keywords: Seed bank; Ex-situ conservation; Plant diversity; Botanical garden; Genetic resources

scholarly journals MOBILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FROM THE TERRITORIES OF INDONESIA, SRI LANKA (CEYLON) AND NEPAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Loskutova ◽  
T. M. Ozerskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Plant Exploration ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Collecting Mission ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

The article is dedicated to the mobilization of plant genetic resources from the territories of Indonesia, Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Nepal to VIR’s collection by means of collecting explorations, germplasm requests and the exchange of accessions. The first, the longest and the only pre-war expedition to Indonesia and Ceylon was undertaken by Prof. V. V. Markovich; it lasted three years (1926–1928). He explored Java, Singapore and Ceylon, where he collected 772 germplasm samples. In 1957, D. V. Ter-Avanesyan, who worked as an agricultural attaché at the USSR Embassy in India, familiarized himself in every detail with plant resources and agriculture in Nepal. The late 1960s were marked by intensification of plant genetic resources introduction and new opportunities to organize regular collecting missions. In the period from 1960 to 1991, there were five plant exploration trips to Indonesia, Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Nepal. In 1960, D. V. Ter-Avanesyan visited scientific institutions in Java, got acquainted with the main trends in agriculture, and collected 302 plant samples. In 1974, A. G. Lyakhovkin took part in a specialized collecting mission launched to study and collect wild forms and cultivars of rice and various other crops from Nepal. The team visited 16 experiment stations and farms and collected 1170 accessions. In 1985, an expedition team led by E. F. Molchanov collected and studied wild and cultivated forms of subtropical plants in Sri Lanka. The team visited 5 institutes and experiment stations, 3 botanical gardens, and collected 370 accessions. In 1988, another collecting team led by L. A. Burmistrov, whose task was to study the system of nation-wide projects on crop improvement, traveled over four provinces, visited 11 scientific and academic institutions of Nepal, and collected 766 germplasm samples. The last collecting trip to Indonesia was led by N. G. Musatenko in 1991. The team collected 95 varieties and wild forms. In total, the Institute’s collecting and exploration activities in Indonesia, Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Nepal added 3496 accessions to its collections. In addition to direct collecting in Indonesia, Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Nepal, VIR has always been replenishing its holdings by seed requests. During the whole pre-war period, from 1925 through 1941, 256 germplasm accessions were added. All in all, from 1948 through 2018, 104 accessions were introduced from Indonesia, Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Nepal. The greatest number of accessions received by the Institute represented groat crops (over 1400), followed by wheat and barley (458), and industrial crops (627). In total, during the whole period of its existence, the Institute has mobilized 3843 accessions, representing 377 plant species.

scholarly journals Identification of plant genetic resources affected by shrimp farming in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
MB Ahmed ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
MM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Ficus Benghalensis ◽  
Fruit Species

The main purpose of the study was to identify the plant genetic resources (PGRs) affected by shrimp farming and to determine their magnitude of vulnerability. Data were collected from randomly selected 100 respondents, through personal interview, using an interview schedule, at Dumuria upazila of Khulna district, during 16 November 2009 to 15 February 2010. The fruit PGRs were more affected by shrimp farming than that of timber yielding and other types of PGRs. Among the 18-fruit PGRs available, all were endangered, except indigenous velvet apple, Diospyros peregrine (Gaertn.) Gürke, which was in threatened condition. Among the fruit species, banana, Musa acuminate; guava, Psidium guajava L.; jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.; sapota, Manilkara zapota L. and betel nut, Areca catechu L. were in highly endangered. Among the 17-timber yielding and other plant species, only 7-PGRs were affected by shrimp farming while majority (10-PGRs) had been available in different extents. Among the vulnerable PGRs, bamboo, Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss; flame of the forest, Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf.; teak, Tectona grandis L.f. and banyan, Ficus benghalensis L. were endangered, while Indian ash tree, Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.; ipil-ipil, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit and cool mat, Schumannianthus dichotomus (Roxb.) Gagnep. were in threatened condition. In general, the total fruit trees decreased in numbers (-74.17%) after inception of shrimp farming. On the other hand, the total numbers of timber yielding plants increased by 15.45%. From the overall consideration (irrespective of types), the number of plant population decreased (-58.10%) after inception of shrimp farming. It means that the plant species were affected by shrimp farming and became endangered. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 18-26, Dec 2021

scholarly journals Biotechnological interventions for sustainable conservation of plant genetic resources in the scenario of climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Salgotra 1 ◽  
Manmohan Sharma 1 ◽  
Pankaj Pandotra 1
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
World Population ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Climate change is an unequivocal fact and its impacts are already perceptible today. Climate change will profoundly alter the present conditions of agriculture in almost all countries with variable severity from region to region. On one hand unpredicted changes in climatic parameters are likely to threaten the production and productivity of economically important plant species particularly that of food crops, at the same time agriculture productivity requires significant increase to meet the expected growth in demand for food by the ever increasing world population. Conservation and sustainable use of diversity present in plant genetic resources and traditional knowledge of germplasm within and among plant species represent economic, scientific and societal value which has tendency to solve the food security problems erupt due to expanding global population. An advance made in biotechnology field such as in vitro culture technology, cryopreservation and molecular markers technology has generated significant contributions to improve the methods of conservation of rare and endangered plant genetic resources and traditional knowledge of germplasm and their valuable management in an effective way. A strategic and forward vision for conservation of plant genetic resources and traditional knowledge of germplasm and sustainable use of plant resources in the 21st century is of far reaching significance for sustainable development.

Foraging ecology of woodpeckers in lowland Malaysian rain forests

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison R. Styring ◽  
Mohamed Zakaria bin Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Reserves

We investigated the foraging ecology of 13 species of woodpecker in logged and unlogged lowland rain forest at two forest reserves in West Malaysia (Pasoh Forest Reserve and Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve). The parameters perch diameter and microhabitat/substrate type explained more variation in the data than other parameters, and effectively divided the guild into two groups: (1) ‘conventional’ – species that excavated frequently, used relatively large perches, and foraged on snags and patches of dead wood, and (2) ‘novel’ – species that used smaller perches and microhabitats that are available in tropical forests on a year-round basis (e.g. external, arboreal ant/termite nests and bamboo). These novel resources may explain, in part, the maintenance of high woodpecker diversity in tropical rain forests.

Survival of Dipteryx oleifera (Fabaceae) trees after Hurricane Ida in Nicaragua

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-329
Author(s):  
Christine Sarikas ◽  
Gerald R. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Hurricane Disturbance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Diversity

The impact of hurricanes on tropical forests has been well documented in recent decades, with hurricane disturbance hypothesized to be a leading contributor to maintenance of the high diversity of trees in lowland tropical rain forests (Frangi & Lugo 1991, Vandermeer et al. 2000). Hurricanes have a heterogeneous impact both on landscapes and tree species (Liu & Fearn 2000, Walker et al. 1996). Damage to trees can take many forms, from leaf loss to stem snapping to uprooting, and is variable across the landscape due to topography, wind speed, direction and tree density (Walker 1995).

Plant genetic resources and traditional knowledge on medicinal use of wild shrub and herbaceous plant species in the Etna Regional Park (Eastern Sicily, Italy)

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 1362-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Tuttolomondo ◽  
Mario Licata ◽  
Claudio Leto ◽  
Maria Letizia Gargano ◽  
Giuseppe Venturella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Medicinal Use

Sample size and appropriate design of fruit and seed traps in tropical forests

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo R. Stevenson ◽  
Ivonne N. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

Abstract:Studies of seed dispersal and fruit production often use fruit traps. Different trap designs may give dissimilar estimates; however, prior to this study there has been no tropical forest field comparison of trap designs. Likewise, there are no recommendations about the number of traps required to assess ecological parameters, such as fruit production, mass and number of seeds dispersed, and number of plant species producing fruits. We compared the effectiveness of five trap designs in terms of fruit/seed bouncing out of traps, wind effects, area effects and seed removal by predators. These studies took place in Colombia in two tropical rain forests and in laboratory conditions. We found that 300 traps (0.085 m2 each) were not enough to obtain stable estimates in two out of four parameters (number of species and dispersed seeds). All estimates were highly variable when using fewer than 100 traps. All trap designs evaluated (mesh on PVC frame, hanging mesh, basin and funnel traps) prevent seed removal by predators, in sharp contrast with removal from the ground. Mesh traps were less affected by bouncing effects than plastic traps, and this factor was a large source of bias among estimates from different traps. Since up to 68% of dry mass may bounce out, it is important to consider adequate trap designs and to be careful when comparing studies using different methodologies. Small traps received fewer seeds per area, however area affects were not evident when bouncing effects were controlled for. We recommend the use of mesh traps on PVC frames, although hanging mesh traps are a good option in tropical forests without strong winds.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI TUMBUHAN EPIFIT BERDASARKAN CIRI MORFOLOGI DAN ANATOMI BATANG DI HUTAN PERHUTANI SUB BKPH KEDUNGGALAR, SONDE DAN NATAH

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mega Tri Suwila
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Epiphytic Plant

The purpose of this action research is to improve the competence learning material digestive systeForests cover a lot of land vegetation, tropical rainforest is one of them, a lot of diversity tumbuahn that inhabit tropical rain forests. Perhutani forest BKPH Sub Kedunggalar, Sonde and Natah an extensive teak forests, plant species which inhabit such pembelit plants, climbing atapun adhesive (epiphytes). Identification is performed to determine the type of epiphytic plants, morphological and anatomical stem, and diversity of epiphytic plants.This qualitative study using field exploration methods, by conducting observation and identification of the morphological and anatomical stem seen from the file type transporters (xylem and phloem) in Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta in Sub BKPH Kedunggalar, Sonde and Natah. Sources of data in the form of primary data that is the result of the identification of epiphytic plants. Data collection techniques using observation and documentation, then be making the herbarium at each epiphytic plant species were found. Analysis of the data used by seebagai following stages: Data Accumulation (Collection of Data), Data Reduction (Reduction of Data), Data Display (Presentation of Data), and conclution darwing (Withdrawal Conclusion).Epiphytic plants found 3 Sub BKPH the 5 species were divided into 2 families (Polypodiaceae and Orchidaceae) 4 genus (Drynaria, Cyclophorus, Dendrobium, and Cymbidium); Family Polypodiaceae; 2 genus is Drynaria, Cyclophorus; Drynaria species querchifdia J. Sm, Cyclophorus lanceolatus. Family Orchidaceae, which consists of 2 genera Dendrobium, Cymbidium; Dendrobium species crumenatum, bifalce Dendrobium, and Cymbidium finlaysmanum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document