Parham v. J.R.: “Voluntary” Commitment of Minors to Mental Institutions

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-149
Author(s):  
Linda V. Tiano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
Voluntary Commitment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mental Institution ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The U.S

AbstractIn Parham v. J.R., 442 U.S. 584 (1979), the U.S. Supreme Court held that a parent or a guardian can commit a minor to a mental institution if a staff physician certifies that the minor should be committed, even if the minor strenuously opposes their decision. The Court specifically rejected claims that commitment of a minor by a parent or guardian without an adversary hearing is a deprivation of the minor's liberty without due process of law. This Note reviews the Parham opinion, with special attention to its impact on “mature minors” and wards of the state and to its definition of a neutral factfinder. The Note argues first that the Court's failure to establish special safeguards for “mature minors” and wards of the state is inconsistent with constitutional standards of due process, and second, that the Court's acceptance of staff physicians as neutral factfinders may be unwarranted. The Note recommends the creation of moire stringent procedural safeguards for the commitment of minors by parents and guardians, including the use of independent mental health professionals as “neutral factfinders.”

The basic structure, typology, functions, revenues and expenditure of the tertiary sector in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Alexey Shlihter
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Self Organizing

The article attempts to present the multifaceted world of the American tertiary sector; explains the need for using non-market instruments in order to provide public goods; clarifies relations and connections of the tertiary sector organizations with the state and business. The definition of the tertiary sector as forming a horizontal multidimensional, multi-vector, growing and self-organizing system of naturally developing relations between people is given. The system is seen as a collection of communities emerging and functioning at the national and local levels, with one of their main tasks being to provide people with the opportunity to communicate and make important decisions, based on similar practical and spiritual interests.

Legislative Department

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-104
Author(s):  
Danny M. Adkison ◽  
Lisa McNair Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
The State ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Supreme Court Rulings ◽  
The U.S

This chapter assesses Article V of the Oklahoma constitution, which concerns the legislative department. Section 1 states that “the Legislative authority of the State shall be vested in a Legislature, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives.” However, “the people reserve to themselves the power to propose laws and amendments to the Constitution and to enact or reject the same at the polls independent of the Legislature, and also reserve power at their own option to approve or reject at the polls any act of the Legislature.” Section 2 provides for the designation and definition of reserved powers. Initiative means the power of the people to propose bills, and to enact or reject them at the polls. Referendum is the right of the people to have bills passed by the legislature submitted to the voters for their approval. Meanwhile, in May 1964, the Oklahoma constitution was amended to conform to the U.S. Supreme Court rulings. The amendment passed and Sections 9 through 16 were replaced with Sections 9A through 11E. The chapter then details the provisions for the Senate and the House of Representatives.

scholarly journals Spirituality and Mental Health Care in a Religiously Homogeneous Country: Definitions, Opinions, and Practices Among Polish Mental Health Professionals

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Charzyńska ◽  
Irena Heszen-Celińska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Spirituality In Therapy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge ◽  
Human Characteristic

Abstract This qualitative study involved a sample of 121 Polish mental health professionals who were interviewed about their definitions of spirituality and their opinions and practices concerning the inclusion of clients’ spirituality in therapy. Using inductive content analysis, we identified seven categories regarding the definitions of spirituality: (1) relationship, (2) transcendence, (3) dimension of functioning, (4) a specific human characteristic, (5) searching for the meaning of life, (6) value-based lifestyle, and (7) elusiveness and indefinability. The majority of respondents claimed to include elements of spirituality in therapy. However, some participants included spirituality only under certain circumstances or conditions, or did not include it at all, citing lack of need, lack of a clear definition of spirituality, their own insufficient knowledge, lack of experience, fear, or concern over ethical inappropriateness. Implicit techniques were primarily used when working on clients’ spirituality. This article deepens the knowledge on including spirituality in mental health care, with special consideration for a specific context of a highly religious and religiously homogenous culture.

Questions about CLIL which are unfortunately still not outdated: A reply to Pérez-Cañado

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Bruton
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
State School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Minor

AbstractThis response to Pérez-Cañado’s (2017) disappointing defence of CLIL interests insists on the need for a clear definition of CLIL not only so that it can be characterised for comparative purposes, but also so that the fundamentals underlying it can be scrutinised, instead of the continued hedging of bets on a moving target, justified for its contextual flexibility. As an example, whether CLIL classes are accompanied by FL classes on the curriculum or not is not a minor issue, both practically and theoretically. In addition other questions are reconsidered such as the communicative nature of CLIL, especially when it comes to whether the content is likely to be more motivating, and the supposed egalitarianism of CLIL initiatives. Finally, two research issues are discussed. Firstly, an example demonstrates how it is perfectly legitimate to critique empirical CLIL research which argues apparently beneficial results from a ‘due to’ stance by countering it with ‘despite’ arguments, while leaving much of the flawed CLIL research aside. Secondly, there is a reiterated demand that disinterested research at a curricular level confront outcomes in both the FLs and the content covered in CLIL programmes for all the state-school students affected both directly or indirectly, and in comparable terms.

Doctors’ recruitment in psychiatry - possible causes and solutions

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1738-1738
Author(s):  
A. Mihai
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Physician Workforce ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Taking Care

The psychiatry is a relatively new field of medicine, which appeared because of the society's demands in taking care of a specific group of patients. These needs still exist and some studies showed that the demand for psychiatrists (Workforce NHS), or at least for psychiatric services (Vernon, 2009), will grow, above all also in developing countries (Patel, 2009).Concern about recruitment and retention of psychiatrists is longstanding.Purpose of this study was the evaluation of studies and data related with recruitment issues. Method consist in analysis of data published related with this topic and trying to find the causes and the ways to improve the actual situation.ResultsWas remarqued the insufficient representation of psychiatrists in the physician workforce throughout the world (Rao, 2003) and the increasing number of unoccupied vacancies in psychiatry (Brokington, 2002). Most developing countries need to increase and improve training of mental health professionals. Once trained, these professionals should be encouraged to remain in their country in positions that make the best use of their skills.ConclusionsRecruitment in psychiatry remain a problem, strongly related with definition of identity of psychiatrists and with community view regarding this need of taking care for this category of patients.

scholarly journals Due Process and Confinement for Mental Disorder

1969 ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Gary Draper
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
Mental Institution

One may lose his freedom by being confined to a mental institution. The meaning of "due process of law" is examined with regard to determining whether person being confined to mental institution in Alberta receives the benefits of due process of law. The processes by which criminal is confined are compared with those by which mentally disordered person is confined. The article concludes that in many instances the mentally disordered are deprived of their freedom without due process of law.

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