Questions about CLIL which are unfortunately still not outdated: A reply to Pérez-Cañado

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Bruton
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
State School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Minor

AbstractThis response to Pérez-Cañado’s (2017) disappointing defence of CLIL interests insists on the need for a clear definition of CLIL not only so that it can be characterised for comparative purposes, but also so that the fundamentals underlying it can be scrutinised, instead of the continued hedging of bets on a moving target, justified for its contextual flexibility. As an example, whether CLIL classes are accompanied by FL classes on the curriculum or not is not a minor issue, both practically and theoretically. In addition other questions are reconsidered such as the communicative nature of CLIL, especially when it comes to whether the content is likely to be more motivating, and the supposed egalitarianism of CLIL initiatives. Finally, two research issues are discussed. Firstly, an example demonstrates how it is perfectly legitimate to critique empirical CLIL research which argues apparently beneficial results from a ‘due to’ stance by countering it with ‘despite’ arguments, while leaving much of the flawed CLIL research aside. Secondly, there is a reiterated demand that disinterested research at a curricular level confront outcomes in both the FLs and the content covered in CLIL programmes for all the state-school students affected both directly or indirectly, and in comparable terms.

scholarly journals Transforming the Kindergarten Experience by Design: A Comparative Research Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Raechel French ◽  
Lennie Scott-Webber ◽  
Anjana Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
School Students ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
Kindergarten Education ◽  
Full Day Kindergarten ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Kindergarten education is becoming a priority throughout the USA as research shows its importance on later in life outcomes. The State of Washington instated full-day kindergarten for all public-school students beginning in 2016–2017. It “…is part of the state’s constitutionally protected definition of ‘Basic Education’” (Reykdal, n.d., n.p.), working to support all children in the state. Acting on this new state requirement, one school district chose to design and build a center dedicated solely to kindergarten education, housing approximately 600 kindergarteners. The school was divided into four ‘neighborhood pods’ each with immediate access to specific activity programs (i.e., dining, interventionists, elective functions) reflecting a new ‘expanded push-in’ model and reduce transition times. This model was compared with a ‘traditionally’ operated kindergarten where learners travel to activity programs throughout a campus (i.e., dining, interventionists, electives). A human-centered research design using mixed-methods for this comparison study between an ‘expanded push-in’ and a ‘traditional’ model was used to understand the impact of this new architectural solution particularly focused on timing transitions between the classroom and activity program settings. Findings discovered a reduction in the length of transitions between accessing the programs by recaptured seven school days of learning time (approximately 45 hours), when compared to the traditional one, and more positive connections between students/students, teachers/teachers, and students/teachers to build community.

Victimless Crime

Criminology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Business World ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Minor

There is no real definition of a “victimless crime” because crimes of this nature do not really exist. There are however a number of statutory offenses that if engaged in, may not have an obvious victim. The dichotomy of these statements is that the word “victimless” can be interpreted as widely or as narrowly as one wishes. The traditional view is that laws are created to protect social standards and are derived from moral and ethical values. Some of these offenses are of a minor nature and impact individuals rather than society in general and include illegal drug taking; prostitution; drunkenness; pornography; gambling; and various sexual acts. There is a debate that argues offenses of this nature are invariably committed by consenting actors; there are no injuries to non-participants; the offense is against the state rather than society; and only police officers make the complaint. While the act may be illegal, there is no obvious victim. In these circumstances it is easy to see how a crime could be considered “victimless.” There are however other circumstances where victims of crime are not aware of their victimhood and their ignorance of the fact is perceived to be an acceptance of their victimhood. The victimlessness in these circumstances therefore lies on the perception of the perpetrator who ignores culpability because of a lack of complaint or where there is a complaint, a denial of the facts. Because the victim is oblivious of these circumstances it is easy to see how such deviant business practices can be accepted as victimless. To counter this perception there is an assumption that corporations act with integrity and do not knowingly provide flawed goods or services, or at the very least will rectify the situation without fuss. However, in the competitive world of business, organizations continually seek ways to maximize profit sometimes at the expense of the oblivious customer. Within the business world, entrepreneurs seek innovative ways to improve their business and increase profit by bending or even breaking rules in a manner that could be considered reckless or even bordering on illegal. A third form of “victimlessness” is the non-payment of taxes, required by the state to support the infrastructures necessary for social welfare, whose lack will negatively impact sections of society.

Parham v. J.R.: “Voluntary” Commitment of Minors to Mental Institutions

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-149
Author(s):  
Linda V. Tiano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
Voluntary Commitment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mental Institution ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The U.S

AbstractIn Parham v. J.R., 442 U.S. 584 (1979), the U.S. Supreme Court held that a parent or a guardian can commit a minor to a mental institution if a staff physician certifies that the minor should be committed, even if the minor strenuously opposes their decision. The Court specifically rejected claims that commitment of a minor by a parent or guardian without an adversary hearing is a deprivation of the minor's liberty without due process of law. This Note reviews the Parham opinion, with special attention to its impact on “mature minors” and wards of the state and to its definition of a neutral factfinder. The Note argues first that the Court's failure to establish special safeguards for “mature minors” and wards of the state is inconsistent with constitutional standards of due process, and second, that the Court's acceptance of staff physicians as neutral factfinders may be unwarranted. The Note recommends the creation of moire stringent procedural safeguards for the commitment of minors by parents and guardians, including the use of independent mental health professionals as “neutral factfinders.”

scholarly journals ON THE PURPOSE OF THE STATE ECONOMIC SUPPORT TO THE STRATEGIC ORGANIZATIONS

2014 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
M. I. Beshtoyev
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
State Support ◽  
Governmental Regulation ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Minimization Methods ◽  
Definition Of

Efficiency of governmental regulation and state support provided to the strategic organizations are directly dependent upon an unprejudiced determination of which interests are protected by the state in the sphere of such organizations’ activities. The existing legislative and regulatory framework lacks clear definition of such purpose, while measures undertaken by the state are largely aimed at the strategic organizations bankruptcy prevention, yet there is a possibility of applying other, more efficient in view of the budgetary expenses minimization, methods for the strategic businesses preservation.The issue of an objectively determined purpose of the strategic organizations regulation and state support is reviewed and the definition of the said purpose is offered.

scholarly journals Criteria for the effectiveness of normative legal regulation of the right to freedom of creativity in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Natalia Opolska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Realities

The article presents the result of determining the effectiveness of normative legal regulation of the right to freedom of creativity. It is established that the criteria of effectiveness are: a) the perfection of legal regulation of the right to freedom of creativity; b) conformity of normative legal acts in the sphere of the right to freedom of creativity with socio-economic and political realities, possibilities of exercising the norms of the right of creative competences enshrined therein and their protection in court; c) reduction of imperative, imperative methods of regulation by increasing the dispositive methods; d) a clear definition of the types of legal responsibility for the violation of the right to freedom of creativity. As a result of the theoretical modeling of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the normative legal regulation of the right to creativity in Ukraine, it is proposed to amend the legislation. It is proved that Article 54 of the Constitution of Ukraine should be set out in the following wording: types of intellectual activity. Everyone is guaranteed the right to the results of his intellectual, creative activity; no one may use or distribute them without his or her consent, except as provided by law. The state contributes to the development of all kinds of creative activity, establishing appropriate ties of Ukraine with the world community. Cultural heritage is protected by law. The state ensures the preservation of historical monuments and other objects of cultural value, takes measures to return to Ukraine cultural values of the people who are beyond its borders. " It is substantiated that these changes will enhance the effectiveness of ensuring the right to freedom of creativity in terms of creating a scientifically sound system of legislation and its ability to ensure that the real needs and interests of the subjects of law are harmonized. The inconsistency of normative legal acts in the sphere of the right to freedom of creativity with socio-economic and political realities has been proved. There is a lack of effective socio-economic support for creators, creative unions and associations. It is substantiated that tendencies of socio-economic development should be directed to the development of science, technology, and culture. It is noted that the absence of a definition of the concept of academic responsibility in the legislation testifies to the lack of a clear definition of the types of legal responsibility for violations in the field of the right to creative work.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF APPLICATION OF THE LEGISLATION ON CONSIDERATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE INFRINGEMENT TO THE COURT

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. S. Vorobiei ◽  
Ye. A. Kobrusieva ◽  
S. S. Fedorishchev
Keyword(s):  
Legal Liability ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
The State ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Time Limits ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The article deals with issues of disrespect to the court and the problems of the application of legislation aimed at preventing and terminating this phenomenon. Proposals for elimination of certain shortcomings of the current legislation are given. The approaches of scholars to the definition of “contempt of court” are analyzed and what enforcement measures are applied in accordance with the current legislation in case of committing administrative offenses of this category. The authors emphasize that today in the legislation of Ukraine there is no separate normative legal act that would determine the complete list of acts that fall under the definition of “disrespect to the court” and the range of responsible ones. It is shown that contempt of the court may be manifested both in the form of active actions and in the form of inactivity. Thus, active actions indicating disrespect for the court include the failure of the witness, the victim, the plaintiff, the defendant and other citizens to order the presiding judge, the violation of the order in the court, as well as the commission of any actions that indicate an obvious neglect of the court or established in court rules. The forms of inactivity include the absence of participants in the trial in court, which is one of the main reasons for the breach by the courts of Ukraine of time-limits for the consideration of cases of different categories by the courts of Ukraine. In general, the spread of disrespect to the court, the avoidance of guilty parties legal liability for such an offense, the lack of adequate premises for the courts, etc., lead to a failure by the Ukrainian state to fulfill its obligations to ensure the right to a fair trial. It is concluded that the state of respect for the courts and judges in Ukraine, in particular, is generally negative in Ukraine. The existing provisions of national law governing liability for disrespect to the court have rather modest forms of punishment. Therefore, in our opinion, it is expedient to further elaborate the outlined issues for a clear definition of the notion of “disrespect for the court” and the introduction of the rules of conduct of citizens in court common to all courts.

Wybrane aspekty definicyjne cyberterroryzmu i ich znaczenie w perspektywie polityki bezpieczeństwa

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 295-315
Author(s):  
Marek Górka
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
The State ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Cyberterrorism creates serious and rapidly growing threats to society and the critical infrastructure of the state. This creates significant changes in the prevention and fight against terrorism. The digital world in which society is lived provides a wide range of opportunities for cybercrime as it initiates and encourages the use of hidden Internet capabilities. Cyberterrorism is a crime that is directed against the state and its citizens. Currently, computer networks are at risk and are attacked daily due to inter alia. The inability to maintain dynamic development of web services and widely available hacking tools and techniques. This is the most difficult challenge in the fight against cyberterrorism. However, the term itself is often misused and abused. Understanding the dangers of cyberterrorism must begin with a clear definition of its definition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Senior Dental Students’ General Attitude towards the Use of Rubber Dam: A Survey among Two Dental Schools

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jale Tanalp ◽  
Müzeyyen Kayataş ◽  
Elif Delve Başer Can ◽  
Mehmet Baybora Kayahan ◽  
Tuğçe Timur
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
The State ◽  
State School ◽  
Senior Year ◽  
School Students ◽  
General Attitude ◽  
Rubber Dam ◽  
Valuable Adjunct ◽  
Dental Schools

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the general attitude of senior dental students towards rubber dam use, specifically focusing on endodontic practices prior to starting to serve community. Questionnaires were distributed to senior year students of a private school and a state school in Istanbul. Questions were asked about areas where the students used rubber dam, its advantages and difficulties, and whether they agreed or disagreed with some aspects of the rubber dam. The private school students rated isolation whereas those of the state school selected prevention of aspiration which the top advantage rubber dam provides. Students of the state school agreed with the opinion that isolation cannot be achieved without rubber dam and it extended the procedure with a significantly higher ratio compared to the private school. Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that the perceptions of dental students on rubber dam needs to be improved and strategies should be developed so that this valuable adjunct will comprise one of the indispensable elements of dental care.

scholarly journals METHODICAL SUPPORT OF STUDYING THE STATE OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL AND VALUE ORIENTATION OF STUDENTS TO EMPLOYMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Okhrimenko Z.V.
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
School Students ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Definition Of

У статті автором проаналізовано сучасні вітчизняні і зарубіжні підходи до визначення поняття «про-фесійно-ціннісні орієнтації». Зроблено висновок, що у контексті теми дослідження зарубіжні науковці переважно вивчають вплив певних соціально-психологічних факторів на ціннісну сферу працівників. Натомість вітчизняні науковці більше зосереджуються на психолого-педагогічному аналізі механізмів формування ціннісних орієнтацій і їх впливі на розвиток особистості. Визначено, що професійно-цінніс-ні орієнтації виступають змістовим складником професійного самовизначення учнів і є провідною регу-лювальною функцією самопізнання, самоставлення, саморегуляції. Відповідно, виконуючи мотиваційну, спонукальну роль, професійно-ціннісні орієнтації спрямовують людину на самозміни та саморух.З метою висвітлення методики вивчення стану сформованості професійно-ціннісних орієнтацій у учнів у статті надано авторське визначення поняття «професійно-ціннісні орієнтації у учнів до тру-дової діяльності», визначено (на основі компонентно-процесуальної моделі свідомого привласнення зростаючою особистістю духовних цінностей (І. Бех)) його компонентна структура (пізнавальний, емоційно-мотиваційний, довільного імпульсу, практично-дієвий та самоціннісний компоненти і від-повідні до них показники) та охарактеризовано рівні їх сформованості (високий, середній, низький). Надано перелік методик для діагностики рівнів сформованості професійно-ціннісних орієнтацій у учнів, які широко використовуються в психолого-педагогічній практиці, що свідчить про їх надій-ність та відповідність віковому виміру психологічної структури особистості підлітка і старшоклас-ника. Зроблено висновок, що описана методика дасть змогу повною мірою дослідити особливості професійно-ціннісних орієнтацій сучасних учнів старшого підліткового та юнацького віку до трудо-вої діяльності. In the article the author analyzes modern domestic and foreign approaches to the definition of professional and value orientations. It is concluded that in the context of the research topic, foreign scholars mainly study the influence of certain socio-psychological factors on the value sphere of employees. Instead, domestic scholars focus more on psychological and pedagogical analysis of the mechanisms of formation of value orientations and their impact on personality development. It is determined that professional and value orientations are a semantic component of professional self-determination of students and are the leading regulatory function of self-knowledge, self-attitude, self-regulation. Accordingly, performing a motivational, motivating role, professional and value orientations direct a person to self-change and self-movement.In order to highlight the methodology of studying the state of formation of professional and value orientations in students, the article provides the author’s definition of “professional value orientations in students to work”, defined (based on component-procedural model of conscious appropriation of spiritual values by a growing person (I. Bekh)) its component structure (cognitive, emotional-motivational, arbitrary impulse, practical-effective and self-valuable components and corresponding indicators) and the levels of their formation (high, medium, low) are characterized. A list of methods for diagnosing the levels of formation of professional and value orientations in students, which are widely used in psychological and pedagogical practice, indicates their reliability and compliance with the age dimension of the psychological structure of the personality of adolescents and high school students. It is concluded that the described method will allow to fully explore the features of professional and value orientations of modern students of older adolescence and adolescence to work.

scholarly journals The influence of school as a planned agent of socialisation on the development of secondary school students' interest in theatre

2021 ◽  
pp. 271-285
Author(s):  
Dušica Dragin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
The State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
School Students ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The Given ◽  
Insight Into

This paper deals with determining whether school as a planned agent of socialisation influences the development of secondary school students' interest in theatre. We observed school through the prism of the theory of socialisation, because the socialisation function of education is one of the most important for society and that is why the school is considered one of the most important agents, i.e. the transmitter of what socialization actually is. The conducted multidisciplinary research first included an analysis of the content of strategic and legal acts, as well as bylaws in the field of education, which aimed to determine whether and to what extent the state prescribes theatre as an acceptable way of socialisation. Considering that the research was conducted during 2015, the mentioned documents have been changed to a greater or lesser extent. For these reasons, and for the purposes of this paper, a comparative analysis was performed. In order to get an insight into whether and in what way the school carries out the prescribed content related to the theatre, a survey was realised with a formalised (standardised) written questionnaire and individual structured interviews were conducted with employees in schools where the survey was organised. A total of 648 secondary school students from Novi Sad were examined. We start from the assumption that theatre will be defined as acceptable in the overall educational content of socialisation within the framework of public practical policy in education depending on how important it is to the state, more precisely to the 'ruling forces'. In accordance with the educational policy, school will transfer the prescribed amount of content related to the theatre to the given extent. The results of this research prove that the level of representation of theatre in the educational content of socialisation is extremely low, which leads to the fact that school as a planned agent of socialisation has a minor impact on the formation and development of secondary school students' interest in theatre.

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