Globalization and Biotechnology: UNESCO and an International Strategy to Advance Human Rights and Public Health

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-541
Author(s):  
Allyn L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Genetic Screening ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality

The global Human Genome Project (HGP) promises dramatic advances in biomedical science and in identifying and treating diseases and illnesses that exact an enormous toll on people throughout the world. The HGP portends a conceptual revolution in health care: many foresee a new “predictive medicine” based on the development of genetic screening, testing and gene therapy.Although advances in genetic science create the potential for dramatic progress against disease in rich and poor states, they also pose profound national and global policy concerns, including the potential impact of the scientific developments on human rights and public health. The development of more precise genetic information raises the specter of genetic discrimination by public and private sectors in all nations with access to the new technologies. In addition, nations will grapple increasingly with the appropriate balance between screening for and treatment of genetic diseases in order to promote public health and protect individual rights to privacy and confidentiality. Genetic screening and services also raise human rights questions relating to equitable resource allocation and the protection of public health.

Human Rights and Technology: New Challenges for Justice and Accountability

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-240
Author(s):  
Molly K. Land ◽  
Jay D. Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Public Service ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Fact Finding

This review surveys contemporary challenges in the field of technology and human rights. The increased use of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision making in the public and private sectors—e.g., in criminal justice, employment, public service, and financial contexts—poses significant threats to human rights. AI obscures and attenuates responsibility for harms in ways that undermine traditional mechanisms for holding wrongdoers accountable. Further, technologies that scholars and practitioners once thought would democratize human rights fact finding have been weaponized by state and non-state actors. They are now used to surveil and track citizens and spread disinformation that undermines public trust in knowledge. Addressing these challenges requires efforts to ensure that the development and implementation of new technologies respects and promotes human rights. Traditional distinctions between public and private must be updated to remain relevant in the face of deeply enmeshed state and corporate action in connection with technological innovation.

An Evaluation of Partnership for Productive Development in Brazil's Healthcare

2016 ◽  
pp. 662-681
Author(s):  
Jorge Lima Magalhães ◽  
Zulmira Hartz ◽  
Adelaide M. S. Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Information Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Productive Development

21st Century brings great challenges in the information and knowledge areas. The public health is intensified in Developing and Less Developed Countries on account of parasitic diseases as well as developed countries because emerging and reemerging diseases. This diseases associated with chronic or acute diseases can intensify causing a serious health problem as drugs resistance, neglected disease and to afford perpetuate poverty. Thus, it is urgent new ways for information management. The management of the Partnership for Productive Development (PDP) have been shown a promising tool to help internalize new technologies and foster R,D&I. This chapter gives an evaluation for Healthcare using the example of the Brazilian PDP whose last way may be considered as a Knowledge Translation. In five years were conducted 103 PDP involving public and private pharmaceutical companies and international producer, promoting the development of local economy and reducing government spending from medicines derived from PDP.

An Evaluation of Partnership for Productive Development in Brazil's Healthcare

2016 ◽  
pp. 525-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Lima Magalhães ◽  
Zulmira Hartz ◽  
Adelaide M. S. Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Information Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Productive Development

21st Century brings great challenges in the information and knowledge areas. The public health is intensified in Developing and Less Developed Countries on account of parasitic diseases as well as developed countries because emerging and reemerging diseases. This diseases associated with chronic or acute diseases can intensify causing a serious health problem as drugs resistance, neglected disease and to afford perpetuate poverty. Thus, it is urgent new ways for information management. The management of the Partnership for Productive Development (PDP) have been shown a promising tool to help internalize new technologies and foster R,D&I. This chapter gives an evaluation for Healthcare using the example of the Brazilian PDP whose last way may be considered as a Knowledge Translation. In five years were conducted 103 PDP involving public and private pharmaceutical companies and international producer, promoting the development of local economy and reducing government spending from medicines derived from PDP.

scholarly journals Health technology assessment in Switzerland

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Koch ◽  
Julian Schilling ◽  
Marlène Läubli ◽  
Florian Mitscherlich ◽  
Dieter Melchart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The One

Objectives and Methods: To review Switzerland's mixed public and private healthcare system with regard to health technology assessment (HTA).Results: In the past, remarkable work in HTA was done. Accomplishments include the following: (i) Switzerland became an early member of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment. (ii) HTA has its legal bases in terms of effectiveness, appropriateness, and efficiency. (iii) The federal law allows the introduction of new technologies for a limited time for evaluation. (iv) A Swiss Network for Health Technology Assessment was established. In 2004, federal HTA activities moved from the Swiss Federal Office “of Social Security” to the one for “Public Health.” The Office mainly mandates, manages, and coordinates evaluations attached to its prevention and intervention sections in the fields of AIDS, illegal drugs, and legal drugs.Conclusions: Because of the absence of a governmental institution assessing and reporting on new health technologies, private and for profit organizations became more important for the decision-making processes. In a regulated market, the implications may be crucial for the public health.

Clinical trials — the personal perspective of the research physician?

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Maria Y. Egorova ◽  
Irina A. Shuvalova ◽  
Olga I. Zvonareva ◽  
Igor D. Pimenov ◽  
Olga S. Kobyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
To Receive

Background. The organization of clinical trials (CTs) requires the participation and coordination of healthcare providers, patients, public and private parties. Obstacles to the participation of any of these groups pose a risk of lowering the potential for the implementation of CTs. Researchers are a key human resource in conducting of CT. Their motivation for participation can have a significant impact on the recruitment and retention of patients, on the quality of the data collected, which determines the overall outcome of the study. Aims to assess the factors affecting the inclusion of Russian physicians-researchers in CT, and to determine their role in relations with patients-participants. Materials and methods. The study was organized as a part of the Russian multicenter face-to-face study. A survey was conducted of researchers from 10 cities of Russia (20172018). The participation in the survey for doctors was anonymous and voluntary. Results. The study involved 78 respondents. Most research doctors highly value the importance of research for science (4,84 0,39), society (4,67 0,46) and slightly lower for participating patients (4,44 0,61). The expectations of medical researchers are related to improving their financial situation and attaining new experience (n = 14; 18,18%). However, the opportunity to work with new technologies of treatment and diagnosis (n = 41; 52,56%) acted as a motivating factor. According to the questionnaire, the vast majority of research doctors (n = 29; 37,18%) believe that the main reason for patients to participate in CT is to receive quality and free medical care. The most significant obstacle to the inclusion of participants in CT was the side effects of the study drug (n = 38; 48,71%). Conclusions. The potential of clinical researchers in Russia is very high. The patient-participant acts for the research doctor as the subject of the study, and not the object, so the well-being of the patient is not indifferent to the doctor. However, the features of the functioning of our health care system form the motivation of doctors-researchers (additional earnings, professional self-development) and the way they perceive the motivation of patients (CT as an opportunity to receive quality medical care).

Tools for the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
V. P. Basenko ◽  
V. A. Dianova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
New Organizational Forms ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Public And Private Cooperation ◽  
Effective Use

The article is devoted to the problems of innovative enterprise development. Since the Russian economy is in a state of financial and economic stagnation, there is a need to apply radically new innovative directions of business activities that ensure the effective use of financial potential within the framework of national projects. Practice shows that today the business sector in Russia is not able to provide a full-fledged demand for new technologies. Therefore, there is a need for substantial state support to provide centralized orders for high-tech industries. There are already examples of combining the efforts of a number of Autonomous economic entities to implement innovative reforms, new organizational forms of interaction have been formed, such as: centers for the implementation of innovative ideas; centers for engineering services; business incubators, etc. The subjects of these organizational forms of cooperation developed and proposed measures aimed at innovative solution of technological problems relevant to the regional economy, as well as for the country as a whole. Link for the efficient interaction of economic agents becomes an inherent characteristic, is the need of implementation of mechanisms of coordination with “network interaction”. It is important to note the fact that the existing relations and forms of regulation of various systems are not permanent, there are no strategic concepts aimed at long-term public and private cooperation.

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