Will brain tissue grafts become an important therapy to restore visual function in cerebrally blind patients?

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
Reinhard Werth
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Embryonic Brain ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Tissue Grafts ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuropsychological Methods ◽  
Blind Patients

AbstractGrafting embryonic brain tissue into the brain of patients with visual field loss due to cerebral lesions may become a method to restore visual function. This method is not without risk, however, and will only be considered in cases of complete blindness after bilateral occipital lesions, when other, risk-free neuropsychological methods fail.

Clinical use of the embryonic brain tissue grafts in epilepsy

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-318
Author(s):  
I. M. Akimova ◽  
F. A. Gurchin ◽  
N. Yu. Koroleva ◽  
L. A. Melyucheva ◽  
E. A. Taits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Embryonic Brain ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Tissue Grafts

scholarly journals Case study of unexplained visual field loss and perceptual deficits in the presence of normal early visual function

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 48-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Moutsiana ◽  
R. Soliman ◽  
L. de-Wit ◽  
M. I. Sereno ◽  
G. Plant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Visual Field Loss

scholarly journals Amiodarone-Associated Optic Neuropathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-64
Author(s):  
Sara L. Weidmayer
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Permanent Loss ◽  
Inferior Quadrant ◽  
Insight Into

A 72-year old male presented symptomatic for unilateral inferior visual field loss, but was found to have bilateral optic neuropathy. Clinical features, an extended minimally symptomatic course and a temporal relationship to amiodarone use implicated amiodarone-associated optic neuropathy.  Serial ancillary testing analyses provided insight into this entity’s natural course.  This patient developed the greatest retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in the inferior quadrant; this may correlate with anatomically larger-diameter axons, supporting a previous publication which suggested that larger-diameter optic nerve axons are more susceptible to amiodarone-induced lipidosis. While rare, amiodarone-associated optic neuropathy may develop and cause permanent loss of visual function.

scholarly journals Search training for people with visual field loss after stroke: A cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-265
Author(s):  
Ailie J Turton ◽  
Jayne Angilley ◽  
Verity Longley ◽  
Philip Clatworthy ◽  
Iain D Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Patient Reports ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Visual Function Questionnaire ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Search Training

Introduction People with visual field loss after stroke often experience difficulties in everyday activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the acceptability of search training as used within occupational therapy and the feasibility of possible measures for use in a future trial. Method Nine participants took part in a goal oriented intervention that was delivered three times a week for 3 weeks. Patient reports of acceptability and outcomes using the Visual Function Questionnaire-25 were collected. Participants’ room-search behaviour before and after the intervention was recorded using a head-worn camera. Results Eight participants completed nine treatment visits. All participants reported improved awareness and attention to the blind side during activities following the intervention. Seven participants’ change scores on the Visual Function Questionnaire-25 exceeded six points. Patterns of head-direction behaviour and overall room-search times were variable across patients; markedly, improved performance was only evident in the most severely affected participant. Conclusion The intervention was acceptable. The Visual Function Questionnaire-25 is a feasible measure for assessing patient-reported outcomes. While the room search was informative about individuals’ behaviour, more sophisticated methods of gaze tracking would allow search processes to be determined in real-world activities that are relevant to patients’ goals.

Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Clozapine in Rat Brain Tissue, Using its Molecularly Imprinted Polymer after Administration of Toxic Dose of Drug and Lipid Emulsion Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri ◽  
Mohammad Moshiri ◽  
Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rat Brain Tissue

Background:Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers that have a selective site for a given analyte, or a group of structurally related compounds, that make them ideal polymers to be used in separation processes.Objective:An optimized molecularly imprinted polymer was selected and applied for selective extraction and analysis of clozapine in rat brain tissue.Methods:A molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) method was developed for preconcentration and cleanup of clozapine in rat brain samples before HPLC-UV analysis. The extraction and analytical process was calibrated in the range of 0.025-100 ppm. Clozapine recovery in this MISPE process was calculated between 99.40 and 102.96%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the assay were 0.003 and 0.025 ppm, respectively. Intra-day precision values for clozapine concentrations of 0.125 and 0.025 ppm were 5.30 and 3.55%, whereas inter-day precision values of these concentrations were 9.23 and 6.15%, respectively. In this study, the effect of lipid emulsion infusion in reducing the brain concentration of drug was also evaluated.Results:The data indicated that calibrated method was successfully applied for the analysis of clozapine in the real rat brain samples after administration of a toxic dose to animal. Finally, the efficacy of lipid emulsion therapy in reducing the brain tissue concentration of clozapine after toxic administration of drug was determined.Conclusion:The proposed MISPE method could be applied in the extraction and preconcentration before HPLC-UV analysis of clozapine in rat brain tissue.

What Has Direct Cortical and Subcortical Electrostimulation Taught Us about Neurolinguistics?

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-211
Author(s):  
Hugues Duffau
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Postoperative Mri ◽  
The Brain

Investigating the neural and physiological basis of language is one of the most important challenges in neurosciences. Direct electrical stimulation (DES), usually performed in awake patients during surgery for cerebral lesions, is a reliable tool for detecting both cortical and subcortical (white matter and deep grey nuclei) regions crucial for cognitive functions, especially language. DES transiently interacts locally with a small cortical or axonal site, but also nonlocally, as the focal perturbation will disrupt the entire subnetwork sustaining a given function. Thus, in contrast to functional neuroimaging, DES represents a unique opportunity to identify with great accuracy and reproducibility, in vivo in humans, the structures that are actually indispensable to the function, by inducing a transient virtual lesion based on the inhibition of a subcircuit lasting a few seconds. Currently, this is the sole technique that is able to directly investigate the functional role of white matter tracts in humans. Thus, combining transient disturbances elicited by DES with the anatomical data provided by pre- and postoperative MRI enables to achieve reliable anatomo-functional correlations, supporting a network organization of the brain, and leading to the reappraisal of models of language representation. Finally, combining serial peri-operative functional neuroimaging and online intraoperative DES allows the study of mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity. This chapter critically reviews the basic principles of DES, its advantages and limitations, and what DES can reveal about the neural foundations of language, that is, the large-scale distribution of language areas in the brain, their connectivity, and their ability to reorganize.

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