The lambda model is only one piece in the motor control puzzle

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-749
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Dean
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Final States ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Tension Curve

AbstractThe lambda model provides a physiologically grounded terminology for describing muscle function and emphasizes the important influence of environmental and reflex-mediated effects on final states. However, lambda itself is only a convenient point on the length-tension curve; its importance should not be overemphasized. Ascribing movement to changes in a lambda-based frame of reference is generally valid, but it leaves unanswered a number of questions concerning mechanisms.

Enzymatic Alteration of ECM to Explore Muscle Function and Motor Control of a Learned Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
Caitlin Mencio ◽  
Kuberan Balagurunathan ◽  
Franz Goller
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Learned Behavior

scholarly journals Context-dependent changes in motor control and kinematics during locomotion: modulation and decoupling

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1782) ◽  
pp. 20133331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Foster ◽  
Timothy E. Higham
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Anolis Carolinensis ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Green Anole

Successful locomotion through complex, heterogeneous environments requires the muscles that power locomotion to function effectively under a wide variety of conditions. Although considerable data exist on how animals modulate both kinematics and motor pattern when confronted with orientation (i.e. incline) demands, little is known about the modulation of muscle function in response to changes in structural demands like substrate diameter, compliance and texture. Here, we used high-speed videography and electromyography to examine how substrate incline and perch diameter affected the kinematics and muscle function of both the forelimb and hindlimb in the green anole ( Anolis carolinensis ). Surprisingly, we found a decoupling of the modulation of kinematics and motor activity, with kinematics being more affected by perch diameter than by incline, and muscle function being more affected by incline than by perch diameter. Also, muscle activity was most stereotyped on the broad, vertical condition, suggesting that, despite being classified as a trunk-crown ecomorph, this species may prefer trunks. These data emphasize the complex interactions between the processes that underlie animal movement and the importance of examining muscle function when considering both the evolution of locomotion and the impacts of ecology on function.

The λ model for motor control: More than meets the eye

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindy F. Levin ◽  
Anatol G. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
External Space ◽  
Sensorimotor Systems ◽  
Basic Concepts

AbstractUnderstanding of the λ model has greatly increased in recent years as evidenced by most of the commentaries. Some commentators underscored the potential of the model to integrate aspects of different sensorimotor systems in the production of movement. Other commentators focused on not-yet-fully-developed parts of the model. A few persisted in misunderstanding some of its basic concepts, and on these grounds they reject it. In responding to commentaries we continue to elaborate on some fundamental points of the model, especially control variables, the idea of movement production by shifting the positional frame of reference and the hypothesis of biomechanical correspondence in motor control. We also continue to develop our ideas on the intrinsic generation of the frame of reference associated with external space and utilized for the control of arm movement and locomotion. The dynamic principles underlying the model are discussed in light of the dynamical systems approach.

Social Identities, Class Identity and Political Perspectives

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Devine
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
People’S Daily ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
People's Daily

There has been considerable controversy over the extent to which class is a salient social identity, and the importance of other social identities. Marshall and his colleagues (1988) argue that class identity remains a salient frame of reference in people's daily lives while Saunders (1989; 1990) and Emmison and Western (1990) argue that class identity is not as strong as they claim, and the importance of other social identities cannot be denied. However, proponents and opponents in the debate are agreed that the salience of social identities depends upon the context in which they are found which cannot be fully explored in highly-structured interviews. Drawing on data from a ‘qualitative re-study’ of the Affluent Worker series, it will be argued that people have many different identities, including a strong class identity, which co-exist at the same time. That said, their class identity is the most important influence on the formation of political perspectives. This finding concurs with the Essex team and Saunders even though he has sought to distance himself from this conclusion.

The Phenomenology of Bodily Awareness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Bermúdez
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Phenomenological Tradition ◽  
Bodily Awareness ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
Current Thinking

There is an interesting dialectic between discussions of bodily awareness in the phenomenological tradition and in contemporary philosophy of mind and scientific psychology. It shows, with particular reference to Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception, how phenomenological insights into bodily awareness and its role in agency can be developed and illuminated by research into somatic proprioception and motor control. The paper presents a taxonomy of different types and levels of bodily awareness and presents a model of the spatiality of bodily awareness that explains some of the fundamental differences that Merleau-Ponty identified between our experience of our bodies and our experience of non-bodily objects. The key to these differences is that bodily locations are given on a non-Cartesian frame of reference. The final section shows how this way of thinking about the phenomenology of bodily awareness has interesting and fruitful connections with current thinking about motor control.

What does body configuration in microgravity tell us about the contribution of intra- and extrapersonal frames of reference for motor control?

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lestienne ◽  
M. Ghafouri ◽  
F. Thullier
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
External World ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
The State ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Geometric Structures ◽  
Specific Receptors

AbstractThe authors report that the reorganization of body configuration during weightlessness is based on an intrapersonal frame of reference such as the configuration of the support surface and the position of the body's center of gravity. These results stress the importance of “knowledge” of the state of internal geometric structures, which cannot be directly signalled by specific receptors responsible for direct dialogue with the physical external world.

Morphological Basis of the Disparity Between Muscle Length and Sarcomere Length in the Myocardium

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
G.E. Adomian ◽  
L. Chuck ◽  
W.W. Pannley
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Morphological Basis ◽  
Tension Curve

Sonnenblick, et al, have shown that sarcomeres change length as a function of cardiac muscle length along the ascending portion of the length-tension curve. This allows the contractile force to be expressed as a direct function of sarcomere length. Below L max, muscle length is directly related to sarcomere length at lengths greater than 85% of optimum. However, beyond the apex of the tension-length curve, i.e. L max, a disparity occurs between cardiac muscle length and sarcomere length. To account for this disproportionate increase in muscle length as sarcomere length remains relatively stable, the concept of fiber slippage was suggested as a plausible explanation. These observations have subsequently been extended to the intact ventricle.

Replication of Bacteriophage 186 DNA

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Dhruba K. Chattoraj ◽  
Ross B. Inman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phage Dna ◽  
Partial Denaturation

Electron microscopy of replicating intermediates has been quite useful in understanding the mechanism of DNA replication in DNA molecules of bacteriophage, mitochondria and plasmids. The use of partial denaturation mapping has made the tool more powerful by providing a frame of reference by which the position of the replicating forks in bacteriophage DNA can be determined on the circular replicating molecules. This provided an easy means to find the origin and direction of replication in λ and P2 phage DNA molecules. DNA of temperate E. coli phage 186 was found to have an unique denaturation map and encouraged us to look into its mode of replication.

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