Advantaged- and disadvantaged-group members have motivations similar to those of defenders and attackers, but their psychological characteristics are fundamentally different

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Shnabel ◽  
Julia Becker
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Members

Abstract Modern societies are characterized by group-based hierarchies. Similar to attackers, disadvantaged-group members wish to change the status quo; like defenders, advantaged-group members wish to protect it. However, the psychological arrays that are typical of disadvantaged- and advantaged-group members are opposite to those of attackers and defenders – suggesting that the Attacker-Defender Game does not capture the dynamics between advantaged and disadvantaged groups.

scholarly journals Beyond Allyship: Motivations for Advantaged Group Members to Engage in Action for Disadvantaged Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena R. M. Radke ◽  
Maja Kutlaca ◽  
Birte Siem ◽  
Stephen C. Wright ◽  
Julia C. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global North ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group B

White Americans who participate in the Black Lives Matter movement, men who attended the Women’s March, and people from the Global North who work to reduce poverty in the Global South—advantaged group members (sometimes referred to as allies) often engage in action for disadvantaged groups. Tensions can arise, however, over the inclusion of advantaged group members in these movements, which we argue can partly be explained by their motivations to participate. We propose that advantaged group members can be motivated to participate in these movements (a) to improve the status of the disadvantaged group, (b) on the condition that the status of their own group is maintained, (c) to meet their own personal needs, and (d) because this behavior aligns with their moral beliefs. We identify potential antecedents and behavioral outcomes associated with these motivations before describing the theoretical contribution our article makes to the psychological literature.

scholarly journals A Decade of System Justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jost ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
System Justification Theory ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Outgroup Favoritism

Most theories in social and political psychology stress self-interest, intergroup conflict, ethnocentrism, homophily, ingroup bias, outgroup antipathy, dominance, and resistance. System justification theory is influenced by these perspectives—including social identity and social dominance theories—but it departs from them in several respects. Specifically, we argue that (a) there is a general ideological motive to justify the existing social order, (b) this motive is at least partially responsible for the internalization of inferiority among members of disadvantaged groups, and (c) paradoxically, it is sometimes strongest among those who are most harmed by the status quo. In this article, we review and integrate 10 years of research on 20 hypotheses derived from a system justification perspective, focusing especially on the phenomenon of implicit outgroup favoritism among members of disadvantaged groups (including African Americans, the elderly, and gays/lesbians) and its relation to political ideology (especially liberalism-conservatism).

“Let Them Eat Harmony”

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dixon ◽  
Linda R. Tropp ◽  
Kevin Durrheim ◽  
Colin Tredoux
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Prejudice Reduction ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Group Members

Research on intergroup prejudice has generally adopted a model of social change that is based around the psychological rehabilitation of members of advantaged groups in order to foster intergroup harmony. Recent studies of prejudice-reduction interventions among members of disadvantaged groups, however, have complicated psychologists’ understanding of the consequences of inducing harmonious relations in historically unequal societies. Interventions encouraging disadvantaged-group members to like advantaged-group members may also prompt the disadvantaged to underestimate the injustice suffered by their group and to become less motivated to support action to challenge social inequality. Thus, psychologists’ tendency to equate intergroup harmony with “good relations” and conflict with “bad relations” is limited.

scholarly journals Individual differences in system justification predict power and morality-related needs in advantaged and disadvantaged groups in response to group disparity

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabea Hässler ◽  
Nurit Shnabel ◽  
Johannes Ullrich ◽  
Anat Arditti-Vogel ◽  
Ilanit SimanTov-Nachlieli
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Group Members

Guided by the needs-based model, we explored how individual differences in system justification predict group members’ needs in response to information about group-based disparities. Across two studies ( N = 819), we found that among disadvantaged-group members (LGBTIQ* individuals/women) system justification was negatively related to need for power. Among advantaged-group members ([cis-]heterosexuals/men), system justification was negatively related to motivation to restore their ingroup’s moral essence (i.e., moral shame and wish that the ingroup would act more morally) but positively related to motivation to restore their ingroup’s moral image (i.e., need for positive moral image and expectation that the outgroup should acknowledge the ingroup’s morality). These results theoretically extend the needs-based model by offering a more nuanced picture of morality-related needs. Further, they underline the importance of considering individual differences in system justification for understanding advantaged- and disadvantaged-group members’ responses to social inequality.

scholarly journals Research on the status quo of psychological care for AIDS patients in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Zhang ◽  
Qin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Care ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
The Public ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Psychological Coping

AIDS is a chronic infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus. Due to the infectiousness of AIDS and the lack of specific drugs to treat AIDS, the majority of people still have the psychology of rejection and discrimination against AIDS patients. Under the influence of various factors such as themselves, families and the public, AIDS patients are prone to be negative, inferior and even world-weary. Among them, the mental health status of adolescent AIDS patients is even less optimistic due to their unique psychological characteristics. The living conditions and mental health of this particular group deserve social attention; Psychological nursing is an important way to promote the mental health of adolescent patients. Improving the long-term psychological coping ability of young AIDS patients is beneficial to their own health, family stability and social harmony. This paper studies the current situation of psychological care for AIDS patients in adolescents, analyzes its importance and puts forward some suggestions.

Cooking with humor: In-group humor as social organization

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Members

AbstractThis manuscript provides an understanding of the complex process through which the social organization is (re)produced and transformed through its member's everyday humor. This study is based on a yearlong ethnography of a hotel kitchen that focuses on the in-group humor of chefs as they work. It reveals the chefs' humor as a communicative process that establishes the group's boundaries, the identity of the group members, and the processes through which the group makes sense of and performs its labor. Humor's role within this organizational group is demonstrated through situated episodes that not only (re)produce the status quo, but also provides a strategy for employees to subvert or challenge authoritative power and constraining organizing practices.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of the (Un)conscious Basis for System Supporting Attitudes of the Disadvantaged

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuma Kevin Owuamalam ◽  
Mark Rubin ◽  
Russell Spears
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Affirmative Answer ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
System Justification ◽  
System Justification Theory ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Interests

Is support for societal systems amongst the disadvantaged driven by an (un)conscious system justification motive that is independent from self-interests? System justification theory (SJT; Jost & Banaji, 1994) is unique in its affirmative answer to this question. SJT proposes (a) that support for societal systems operates in the service of maintaining the status quo, (b) that the evidence for this system justification motive lies with the fact that members of disadvantaged groups (un)consciously support societal systems that are detrimental to their interests, and (c) that these processes are most apparent when group interests are weak. The present article reviews emerging evidence for these propositions and concludes that: (a) an unconscious manifestation of system justification is unlikely based on SJT’s “strong” dissonance-based predictions, which assumes that competing group and system motives are cognitively salient, and (b) a conscious system justification motive is also unlikely amongst the disadvantaged when group interests are weak. In addition, we suggest ways in which to explain system justification effects amongst the disadvantaged without recourse to an (un)conscious system justification motive.

Antecedents and Consequences of System-Justifying Ideologies

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Jost ◽  
Orsolya Hunyady
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Need For Closure ◽  
System Justification Theory ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
System Threat

According to system justification theory, there is a psychological motive to defend and justify the status quo. There are both dispositional antecedents (e.g., need for closure, openness to experience) and situational antecedents (e.g., system threat, mortality salience) of the tendency to embrace system-justifying ideologies. Consequences of system justification sometimes differ for members of advantaged versus disadvantaged groups, with the former experiencing increased and the latter decreased self-esteem, well-being, and in-group favoritism. In accordance with the palliative function of system justification, endorsement of such ideologies is associated with reduced negative affect for everyone, as well as weakened support for social change and redistribution of resources.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in System Justification Predict Power and Morality-Related Needs in Advantaged and Disadvantaged Groups in Response to Group Disparity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabea Hässler ◽  
Nurit Shnabel ◽  
Johannes Ullrich ◽  
Anat Arditti-Vogel ◽  
Ilanit SimanTov-Nachlieli
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Group Members

Guided by the needs-based model, we explored how individual differences in system justification predict group members’ needs in response to information about group-based disparities. Across two studies (N=819), we found that among disadvantaged-group members (LGBTIQ* individuals/women) system justification was negatively related to need for power. Among advantaged-group members ([cis-]heterosexuals/men), system justification wasnegatively related to motivation to restore their ingroup’s moral essence (i.e., moral shame and wish that the ingroup would act more morally) but positively related to motivation to restore their ingroup’s moral image (i.e., need for positive moral image and expectation that the outgroup should acknowledge the ingroup’s morality). These results theoretically extend the needs-based model by offering a more nuanced picture of morality-related needs. Further,they underline the importance of considering individual differences in system justification for understanding advantaged- and disadvantaged-group members’ responses to social inequality.

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