scholarly journals Beyond Allyship: Motivations for Advantaged Group Members to Engage in Action for Disadvantaged Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena R. M. Radke ◽  
Maja Kutlaca ◽  
Birte Siem ◽  
Stephen C. Wright ◽  
Julia C. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global North ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group B

White Americans who participate in the Black Lives Matter movement, men who attended the Women’s March, and people from the Global North who work to reduce poverty in the Global South—advantaged group members (sometimes referred to as allies) often engage in action for disadvantaged groups. Tensions can arise, however, over the inclusion of advantaged group members in these movements, which we argue can partly be explained by their motivations to participate. We propose that advantaged group members can be motivated to participate in these movements (a) to improve the status of the disadvantaged group, (b) on the condition that the status of their own group is maintained, (c) to meet their own personal needs, and (d) because this behavior aligns with their moral beliefs. We identify potential antecedents and behavioral outcomes associated with these motivations before describing the theoretical contribution our article makes to the psychological literature.

Advantaged- and disadvantaged-group members have motivations similar to those of defenders and attackers, but their psychological characteristics are fundamentally different

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Shnabel ◽  
Julia Becker
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Members

Abstract Modern societies are characterized by group-based hierarchies. Similar to attackers, disadvantaged-group members wish to change the status quo; like defenders, advantaged-group members wish to protect it. However, the psychological arrays that are typical of disadvantaged- and advantaged-group members are opposite to those of attackers and defenders – suggesting that the Attacker-Defender Game does not capture the dynamics between advantaged and disadvantaged groups.

“Let Them Eat Harmony”

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dixon ◽  
Linda R. Tropp ◽  
Kevin Durrheim ◽  
Colin Tredoux
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Prejudice Reduction ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Group Members

Research on intergroup prejudice has generally adopted a model of social change that is based around the psychological rehabilitation of members of advantaged groups in order to foster intergroup harmony. Recent studies of prejudice-reduction interventions among members of disadvantaged groups, however, have complicated psychologists’ understanding of the consequences of inducing harmonious relations in historically unequal societies. Interventions encouraging disadvantaged-group members to like advantaged-group members may also prompt the disadvantaged to underestimate the injustice suffered by their group and to become less motivated to support action to challenge social inequality. Thus, psychologists’ tendency to equate intergroup harmony with “good relations” and conflict with “bad relations” is limited.

scholarly journals Individual differences in system justification predict power and morality-related needs in advantaged and disadvantaged groups in response to group disparity

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabea Hässler ◽  
Nurit Shnabel ◽  
Johannes Ullrich ◽  
Anat Arditti-Vogel ◽  
Ilanit SimanTov-Nachlieli
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Group Members

Guided by the needs-based model, we explored how individual differences in system justification predict group members’ needs in response to information about group-based disparities. Across two studies ( N = 819), we found that among disadvantaged-group members (LGBTIQ* individuals/women) system justification was negatively related to need for power. Among advantaged-group members ([cis-]heterosexuals/men), system justification was negatively related to motivation to restore their ingroup’s moral essence (i.e., moral shame and wish that the ingroup would act more morally) but positively related to motivation to restore their ingroup’s moral image (i.e., need for positive moral image and expectation that the outgroup should acknowledge the ingroup’s morality). These results theoretically extend the needs-based model by offering a more nuanced picture of morality-related needs. Further, they underline the importance of considering individual differences in system justification for understanding advantaged- and disadvantaged-group members’ responses to social inequality.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in System Justification Predict Power and Morality-Related Needs in Advantaged and Disadvantaged Groups in Response to Group Disparity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabea Hässler ◽  
Nurit Shnabel ◽  
Johannes Ullrich ◽  
Anat Arditti-Vogel ◽  
Ilanit SimanTov-Nachlieli
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Group Members

Guided by the needs-based model, we explored how individual differences in system justification predict group members’ needs in response to information about group-based disparities. Across two studies (N=819), we found that among disadvantaged-group members (LGBTIQ* individuals/women) system justification was negatively related to need for power. Among advantaged-group members ([cis-]heterosexuals/men), system justification wasnegatively related to motivation to restore their ingroup’s moral essence (i.e., moral shame and wish that the ingroup would act more morally) but positively related to motivation to restore their ingroup’s moral image (i.e., need for positive moral image and expectation that the outgroup should acknowledge the ingroup’s morality). These results theoretically extend the needs-based model by offering a more nuanced picture of morality-related needs. Further,they underline the importance of considering individual differences in system justification for understanding advantaged- and disadvantaged-group members’ responses to social inequality.

scholarly journals Whites for racial justice: How contact with Black Americans predicts support for collective action among White Americans

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema Preya Selvanathan ◽  
Pirathat Techakesari ◽  
Linda R. Tropp ◽  
Fiona Kate Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Group Efficacy ◽  
Total N ◽  
Group Members ◽  
White Guilt

Advantaged group members have an important role to play in creating social change, and intergroup contact has tremendous implications in shaping intergroup relations. However, little research has examined how intergroup contact predicts advantaged group members’ inclinations toward collective action to support the interests of disadvantaged groups. The present research investigates how contact with Black Americans shapes White Americans’ willingness to engage in collective action for racial justice and support for the Black Lives Matter movement. Three studies of White Americans (total N = 821) consistently reveal that positive contact with Black Americans predicts greater support for collective action through a sequential process of fostering greater feelings of empathy for Black Americans and anger over injustice. These findings hold even when taking into account other relevant psychological factors (i.e., White guilt and identification, negative contact, group efficacy, and moral convictions). The present research contributes to our understanding of how advantaged group members come to engage in social change efforts.

To compare the frequency of postoperative sore throat with I-gel versus laryngeal mask airway in patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3232-3235
Author(s):  
M. J. Ahmed Kamal ◽  
Baber Zaheer ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Durrani ◽  
Khaleel Ahmad ◽  
Sumara Tabassam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Mask Airway ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
Supraglottic Airway ◽  
Postoperative Sore Throat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group B

Background: In case of general anesthesia, airway maintenance along with least complications is the most important goal of team of anesthesiologists. In case of clinical practice, the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) devices have superiority in managing supraglottic airway. Recently i-gel airway has been introduced as supraglottic airway equipment (disposable). Aim: To make comparison between laryngeal mask and I-gel with respect to postoperative complication of sore throat in case of patients who were given general anesthesia. Study design: Randomized trial Setting: Anesthesia Department Study duration: 6 after synopsis approval in total 6months of duration Methods: Candidates were divided randomly divided into two groups. In case of members of group A, patients were given i-gel where as members of group B, disposable LMA was given. General anesthesia was administered according to the standardized protocols. A day after operation, candidates were check post operatively for 24 hours, for sore throat and information was documented on Performa. Results: The candidates mean age was 44.23±15.11years in case of i-gel group members whereas 46.10±15.56 years in case of LMA group. In case of i-gel group, there were about twenty five males members and thirty five were females members . In case of LMA group members, there were about twenty six males and thirty four female members . In present case research, sore throat postoperatively was seen in case of 17(14.2%) cases, i.e. 4 (6.7%) in i-gel group while 13(21.7%) in case of LMA group. The significant difference was witnessed between members of both groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Thus i-gel is better than LMA for general anesthesia as it has fewer chances of side effects like postoperative sore throat. Keywords: Postoperative sore throat, I-gel, laryngeal mask airway, general anesthesia

scholarly journals A Decade of System Justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jost ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
System Justification Theory ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Outgroup Favoritism

Most theories in social and political psychology stress self-interest, intergroup conflict, ethnocentrism, homophily, ingroup bias, outgroup antipathy, dominance, and resistance. System justification theory is influenced by these perspectives—including social identity and social dominance theories—but it departs from them in several respects. Specifically, we argue that (a) there is a general ideological motive to justify the existing social order, (b) this motive is at least partially responsible for the internalization of inferiority among members of disadvantaged groups, and (c) paradoxically, it is sometimes strongest among those who are most harmed by the status quo. In this article, we review and integrate 10 years of research on 20 hypotheses derived from a system justification perspective, focusing especially on the phenomenon of implicit outgroup favoritism among members of disadvantaged groups (including African Americans, the elderly, and gays/lesbians) and its relation to political ideology (especially liberalism-conservatism).

scholarly journals Give Them Fish or Teach Them to Fish? The Effects of Stability of Social Stratification and Forms of Help on Higher Socioeconomic Status Group Members’ Attitudes Towards Anti-Poverty Programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Jay P. Ferolino
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Socioeconomic Status Group ◽  
Social Identity Approach

Building on social identity approach and intergroup helping as status relations model, the current research examined the explored effects of stability of social stratification and forms of help on higher socioeconomic status (SES) members’ attitudes towards anti-poverty programs. Two studies were conducted in a 2 (social stratification stability) × 2 (forms of help) design on willingness to support anti-poverty programs. Study 1 examined the conditions of unstable and stable social stratification that might pattern differences in support of hypothetical anti-poverty programs construed as dependency-oriented or autonomy-oriented help. Study 2 replicated and extended study 1 by examining higher SES (subjective) participants’ attitudes towards the cash transfer programs (conditional vs. unconditional, which were determined by their perceptions of the stability of social stratification). Overall, the results of the two studies confirmed that attitudes towards anti-poverty programs could be construed as specific forms of help (dependency-oriented and/or autonomy-oriented help) depending on the nature of the intergroup relations (stability of the social stratification). Finally, the theoretical contribution of the current research is discussed.

Equality

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-86
Author(s):  
Eileen Boris
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Domestic Service ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Woman Worker ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Home Work ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global North ◽  
Status Of Women

When the 1944 Philadelphia International Labour Conference set forth to imagine the woman worker’s place amid postwar demobilization, it unearthed old fissures. This chapter explores discourses of equality in the making of the woman worker, when equal remuneration and non-discrimination came to stand for universal progress for women workers, displacing deliberation on the home as a workplace, in terms of both industrial home work and domestic service. Women inside and outside of the ILO pushed for equality measures. The “double-difference” of colonized women, however, produced a notion of “equality” with multiple and unequal tiers of meaning. Ultimately, “equal rights” would enable women in “non-metropolitan territories” to produce goods or reproduce labor power for the benefit of the Global North. The developing Cold War and institutional rivalry between the ILO and the new United Nations Commission on the Status of Women influenced agenda setting. Labor feminists won a revised maternity protection convention, which did not challenge the ideal of the male breadwinner. A shift from interwar policy occurred, but reluctantly and incompletely as a strategic measure rather than as a step toward decolonization or as an affirmation of women’s rights.

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