No brain, no pain

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Wiesenfeld-Hallin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Limited Usefulness

The theme of my target article was dysfunction of inhibition in the spinal cord as an important factor in the development of chronic pain states. Some commentaries focused on the role of more central mechanisms and the limited usefulness of animal models for understanding mechanisms of human pain. More specific comments concerned the roles of GABA and cholecystokinin in pain control.

scholarly journals The role of spinal cord extrasynaptic α 5 GABA A receptors in chronic pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Delgado‐Lezama ◽  
Mariana Bravo‐Hernández ◽  
Úrzula Franco‐Enzástiga ◽  
Yarim E. De la Luz‐Cuellar ◽  
Nara S. Alvarado‐Cervantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Gaba A

scholarly journals Chronic pain, depression and quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury: Mediating role of participation

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Müller ◽  
G Landmann ◽  
M Béchir ◽  
T Hinrichs ◽  
U Arnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Development of chronic pain in males with traumatic spinal cord injury: role of circulating levels of the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL10 in subacute stage

Spinal Cord ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 953-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mordillo-Mateos ◽  
Antonio Sánchez-Ramos ◽  
Francesca Coperchini ◽  
Ines Bustos-Guadamillas ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Bonilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Subacute Stage ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Circulating Levels

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Painful Syndromes: Role of Animal Models

Pain Medicine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S14-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Linderoth ◽  
Robert D. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation

scholarly journals Modulation of Glia-Mediated Processes by Spinal Cord Stimulation in Animal Models of Neuropathic Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Cedeño ◽  
Courtney A. Kelley ◽  
Krishnan Chakravarthy ◽  
Ricardo Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gate Control Theory

Glial cells play an essential role in maintaining the proper functioning of the nervous system. They are more abundant than neurons in most neural tissues and provide metabolic and catabolic regulation, maintaining the homeostatic balance at the synapse. Chronic pain is generated and sustained by the disruption of glia-mediated processes in the central nervous system resulting in unbalanced neuron–glial interactions. Animal models of neuropathic pain have been used to demonstrate that changes in immune and neuroinflammatory processes occur in the course of pain chronification. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an electrical neuromodulation therapy proven safe and effective for treating intractable chronic pain. Traditional SCS therapies were developed based on the gate control theory of pain and rely on stimulating large Aβ neurons to induce paresthesia in the painful dermatome intended to mask nociceptive input carried out by small sensory neurons. A paradigm shift was introduced with SCS treatments that do not require paresthesia to provide effective pain relief. Efforts to understand the mechanism of action of SCS have considered the role of glial cells and the effect of electrical parameters on neuron–glial interactions. Recent work has provided evidence that SCS affects expression levels of glia-related genes and proteins. This inspired the development of a differential target multiplexed programming (DTMP) approach using electrical signals that can rebalance neuroglial interactions by targeting neurons and glial cells differentially. Our group pioneered the utilization of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to identify the mechanism of action by which SCS works, emphasizing the DTMP approach. This is an account of evidence demonstrating the effect of SCS on glia-mediated processes using neuropathic pain models, emphasizing studies that rely on the evaluation of large sets of genes and proteins. We show that SCS using a DTMP approach strongly affects the expression of neuron and glia-specific transcriptomes while modulating them toward expression levels of healthy animals. The ability of DTMP to modulate key genes and proteins involved in glia-mediated processes affected by pain toward levels found in uninjured animals demonstrates a shift in the neuron–glial environment promoting analgesia.

scholarly journals Neuroligins Facilitate The Development of Bone Cancer Pain via Regulating Synaptic Transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianqiao Xie ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Shanchun Su ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Xueqin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Spinal Dorsal Horn ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Bone Cancer Pain ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Dorsal

Abstract Background The underlying mechanism of chronic pain involves the plasticity in synaptic receptors and neurotransmitters. This study aimed to investigate potential roles of neuroligins (NLs) within the spinal dorsal horn of rats in a newly established bone cancer pain (BCP) model. Methods Using our rat BCP model, we assessed pain hypersensitivity over time. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to investigate NL expression, and NLs were overexpressed in the rat spinal cord using lentiviral vectors. Immunofluorescence staining and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were deployed to investigate the role of NLs in the development of BCP. Results We observed reduced expression levels of NL1 and NL2, but not NL3, within the rat spinal cord, which were found to be associated with and essential for the development of BCP in our model. Accordingly, NL1 or NL2 overexpression in the spinal cord alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity of rats. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that NL1 and NL2 are involved in BCP via regulating γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuronal synapses and the activity of glutamatergic interneuronal synapses, respectively. Conclusions Our observations unravel the role of NLs in cancer-related chronic pain and further suggest that inhibitory mechanisms are central features of BCP in the spinal dorsal horn. These results provide a new perspective and basis for subsequent studies elucidating the onset and progression of BCP.

scholarly journals What exactly is central to the role of central neuroplasticity in persistent pain?

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence J. Coderre ◽  
Joel Katz
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Target Article ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Brain

The commentaries on our target article have raised important issues about central neuroplasticity and its role in persistent pain states. Some suggest that central neuroplasticity plays nothing more than a minor role in persistent pain, while others argue that persistent pain depends critically on peripheral inputs for its maintenance. Some stress that persistent pain relies to a large extent on changes in the brain and on centrifugal inputs from brain to spinal cord, whereas others argue that it depends on alterations in inhibitory as well as excitatory systems. We attempt to address each of the commentators' points, while defending our position that central neuroplasticity is critical to pathological persistent pain states.

scholarly journals The Role of Stress Regulation on Neural Plasticity in Pain Chronification

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Li ◽  
Li Hu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Stress Regulation ◽  
Pain Chronification ◽  
A Chain

Pain, especially chronic pain, is one of the most common clinical symptoms and has been considered as a worldwide healthcare problem. The transition from acute to chronic pain is accompanied by a chain of alterations in physiology, pathology, and psychology. Increasing clinical studies and complementary animal models have elucidated effects of stress regulation on the pain chronification via investigating activations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and changes in some crucial brain regions, including the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Although individuals suffer from acute pain benefit from such physiological alterations, chronic pain is commonly associated with maladaptive responses, like the HPA dysfunction and abnormal brain plasticity. However, the causal relationship among pain chronification, stress regulation, and brain alterations is rarely discussed. To call for more attention on this issue, we review recent findings obtained from clinical populations and animal models, propose an integrated stress model of pain chronification based on the existing models in perspectives of environmental influences and genetic predispositions, and discuss the significance of investigating the role of stress regulation on brain alteration in pain chronification for various clinical applications.

Psychological factors in spinal cord stimulation therapy: brief review and discussion

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Doleys
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Psychological Screening ◽  
What Works ◽  
Made In

✓Since its introduction in 1967 by Shealy and colleagues, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy has become an accepted approach to the treatment of certain types of chronic pain. Significant advances have been made in surgical technique, hardware technology, and the variety of disorders for which SCS has proven to be potentially beneficial. Despite these advancements, 25 to 50% of patients in whom a preimplantation trial screening yields successful results report loss of analgesia within 12 to 24 months of implantation, even in the presence of a functioning device. Psychological factors may play an important role in understanding this observation and improving the outcomes. In this article the author briefly reviews some of the data on psychological factors potentially involved in SCS. Research on patients with low-back and extremity pain was more heavily relied on because this is the population for which the most data exist. The discussion is divided into four sections: 1) role of psychological factors; 2) psychological screening and assessment; 3) patient selection and psychological screening; and 4) psychological variables and outcomes. To date, the data remain speculative. Although few definitive conclusions can be drawn, the cumulative existing experience does lend itself to some reasonable recommendations. As with all therapies for chronic pain, invasive or noninvasive, the criteria for success and an acceptable level of failure need to be established, but remain elusive. The emphasis herein is to try to take what works and make it work better.

scholarly journals PERAN INTERVENSI MINIMAL TIPE ABLASI RADIOFREKUENSI DALAM PENANGANAN NYERI KRONIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusak Mangara Tua Siahaan ◽  
Hugo Dwiputra Wiradarma
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Interventional Therapy ◽  
Rf Ablation ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Minimal Intervention ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
The Brain

 THE ROLE OF RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION AS MINIMAL INTERVENTION IN MANAGING CHRONIC PAINABSTRACTChronic pain is one of the most common complaints in everyday clinical practice. These complaints not only cause disruption to physical functioning, but also to social, mental, and economic functions. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of interventional therapy, including radiofrequency (RF) ablation in the management of chronic pain. The objective of this procedure is to cause lesions in the neural network that inhibits the transmission of pain signals to the brain. Radiofrequency ablation shows higher levels of pain control and less minimal side effects, thus may be one of the preferred therapy in the management of chronic pain.Keywords: Ablation, chronic pain, radiofrequencyABSTRAKNyeri kronik merupakan salah satu keluhan yang sering ditemui pada praktik klinis sehari-hari. Keluhan ini tidak hanya mengakibatkan gangguan pada fungsi fisik, tetapi juga terhadap fungsi sosial, mental, maupun ekonomi. Penelitian terkini menunjukkan potensi terapi intervensi, termasuk ablasi radiofrekuensi (RF) dalam mengatasi nyeri kronik. Prin- sip kerja prosedur ini adalah dengan memimbulkan lesi pada jaringan saraf sehingga menghambat transmisi sinyal nyeri menuju otak. Ablasi RF menunjukkan tingkat kontrol nyeri yang lebih tinggi dengan efek samping yang lebih minimal, sehingga dapat menjadi salah satu terapi pilihan dalam penanganan nyeri kronik.Kata kunci: Ablasi, nyeri kronik, radiofrekuensi

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