Testing the reminding account of the lag effect in L2 vocabulary learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Natalie G. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
L2 Learning ◽  
Effects Of Feedback

Abstract Research has produced mixed findings regarding the effects of spacing L2 study. In order to know how this potentially very powerful learning tool can be useful, it is important to understand the cognitive mechanisms that drive the effects in L2 learning and how the operation of these mechanisms may be affected by variables relevant for SLA contexts. In this study, I examine the contribution of the dual mechanism of successful effortful retrieval during study to the lag effect in foreign vocabulary learning from L2-L1 retrieval practice. I additionally investigate the effects of feedback study time on the operation of the two cognitive mechanisms under investigation. Native speakers of English studied Finnish vocabulary during L2-L1 retrieval practice in paired-associate learning while their response latencies and accuracy were recorded. Results suggest that: (a) successful effortful retrieval underlies benefits of spacing L2-L1 retrieval practice: even with immediate feedback study, the benefits of effort are conditional on retrieval success; (b) successful retrieval is more beneficial than unsuccessful retrieval, contrary to proposals where this was not directly tested; and (c) imposing longer study time externally has little benefit, unlike what has been previously found with learner-regulated longer study time. Implications for L2 learning and teaching are discussed.

EFFECTS OF LEARNING DIRECTION IN RETRIEVAL PRACTICE ON EFL VOCABULARY LEARNING

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Masato Terai ◽  
Junko Yamashita ◽  
Kelly E. Pasich
Keyword(s):  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
L2 Proficiency ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
L2 Learning ◽  
Learning English

Abstract In paired-associate learning, there are two learning directions: L2 to L1 (L2 words as stimuli and L1 words as responses) and L1 to L2 (L1 words as stimuli and L2 words as responses). Results of previous studies that compared the effects of the two learning directions are not consistent. We speculated that the cause of this inconsistency may be L2 proficiency, as the strengths of the lexical links between L2 and L1 are different depending on the learner’s L2 proficiency. This hypothesis was examined with 28 native speakers of Japanese learning English. Participants studied novel English words in the two learning directions. The results of posttests showed that for lower-proficiency learners, L2-to-L1 learning was more effective than L1-to-L2 learning, while for higher-proficiency learners, L1-to-L2 learning was more effective. The findings suggest that L2 proficiency influences the effects of learning direction on vocabulary learning.

Intended and Actual Changes in Study Behaviors in an Introductory and Upper-Level Psychology Course

2020 ◽  
pp. 009862832097989
Author(s):  
Shaina F. Rowell ◽  
Regina F. Frey ◽  
Elise M. Walck-Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Study Behaviors ◽  
Exam Scores ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Psychology Course ◽  
Over Time

We examined self-directed studying of students in an introductory (Study 1) and upper-level (Study 2) psychology course. Students reported their study behaviors for Exam 1 and 2, and wrote Exam 2 study plans. In both studies, students planned to and ultimately did use more active strategies for Exam 2 than Exam 1. However, they struggled to follow through on plans to space studying over time. In Study 1, we also found that greater use of active strategies (e.g., retrieval practice) was associated with higher exam scores when controlling for factors such as study time. Our findings highlight that students across course levels are interested in changing their study behaviors and we note implications for instructors.

scholarly journals RETHINKING THE USE OF L1 IN L2 CLASSROOM

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Zulfikar Zulfikar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
L2 Learning

Using mother tongue (L1) in a foreign language (L2) classrooms is inevitable. Despite the debate over the adequacy of using L1 in the teaching of L2, this paper argues using L1 in the classroom does not hinder learning, and that L1 has a facilitating role to play in the classroom and can help L2 learning and acquisition. This paper shows that L1 is an inseparable part of language teaching, and it has several functions for both the students and teachers in English language learning and teaching. Therefore, those who believe L1 has a minimal role to play in the teaching of a foreign language are invited to think again of its role and contributions it makes to the fields of language learning and teaching.

scholarly journals Contribution to Vocabulary Learning via Mobiles

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Khazaie ◽  
Saeed Ketabi
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Verbal Abilities ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
L2 Learners

As mobile connectedness continues to sweep across the landscape, the value of deploying mobile technology at the service of learning and teaching seems to be both self-evident and unavoidable. To this end, this study employed multimedia to develop three types of vocabulary learning materials. Due to the importance of short-term memory in the realm of vocabulary learning, careful consideration was given to the L2 learners’ different visual and verbal short-term memories. 158 L2 learners aged 18-23 participated in the major phases of vocabulary learning experiment through mobile. Based on their scores on the English Vocabulary and Recall tests and statistical analysis of the results it was revealed that L2 learners with high-visual and high-verbal abilities find it easier to learn the content presented with both pictorial and written annotations. However, L2 learners with low-visual and low-verbal abilities benefit from learning materials presented without annotations. Furthermore, delivery of learning materials with pictorial annotation to learners with high-visual ability and the delivery of learning materials with written annotation to learners with high-verbal ability result in better vocabulary learning. The findings of this study could perform as a roadmap in creating learning materials for mobile learning English language.

Familiar or Unfamiliar Context?

2015 ◽  
pp. 223-250
Author(s):  
Amir Mashhadi ◽  
Saeed Khazaie
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mobile Game ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Content Representation ◽  
L2 Learning ◽  
The Face ◽  
Age Range

This chapter endeavored to devise a motivating way to engage learners in L2 English learning tasks presented through the mobile game (m-game). It started on the issue of whether types of a displayed picture on m-games had any significant relationship with learners' performance in the blended mode of L2 learning. To that end, a cellphone-based form of the nonEnglish game of 'Xane Bazi', modified as didactic 'Xane Bazi' for English vocabulary learning, was grafted onto the face-to-face mode of content representation in the blended language learning module. 100 Iranian boys and girls within the age range of 10-13 were divided into two groups to learn English vocabulary items during 12 sessions of an academic semester: One group played a version of 'Xane Bazi' with learner-made paintings and the other group played a version of the game filled with photos. The results hinted at the desired effect of utilizing m-games as applying learner-made painting condition to didactic 'Xane Bazi' was proved to significantly ratchet up the participants' L2 learning.

Video Game-Based L2 Learning

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Hesham Shaker Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Digital Gaming ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Affinity Spaces ◽  
L2 Learning ◽  
L2 Vocabulary

Video/digital games have grown into sophisticated, realistic, and engaging problem-solving virtual worlds that have their own literacy practices, affinity spaces, and online virtual communities. As a result, various studies have examined theirs to promote L2 learning and literacy. The findings of these studies suggest that digital games can promote multilingual communication, L2 vocabulary development, and situated L2 use. However, promising these findings, to-date little is known about the specific dynamics of gameplay that can facilitate L2 learning. To address this gap in the literature, this chapter will draw on interdisciplinary research on digital gaming from literacy studies, games' studies, and narratology to account for the L2 learning potentials of digital games. To explain their L2 learning potentials, the chapter will conceptualize digital games as dynamic texts, affinity spaces, and semiotic ecologies, and discuss the implications of each conceptualization for game-based L2 learning and teaching.

Four L2 Learning Objectives to Guide Podcast Design

2011 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Claudia Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
L2 Learning ◽  
Target Culture

This chapter addresses the production of podcasts as second language (L2) instructional materials developed by language instructors. The author discusses the importance of having clear language learning objectives when creating podcasts. The clarity of the objectives will depend on the particular nature of these materials and will influence podcast design and outcomes. In an effort to contribute to the understanding of podcast design that effectively promotes L2 acquisition and development, the author proposes that podcasts - when used by students as listening tools - can help the L2 learner accomplish four main learning objectives: (1) language acquisition, (2) development of listening comprehension skills, (3) learning of explicit information about the L2 and (4) awareness of the target culture. As with any L2 learning materials (Mobile Assisted or not), podcast development should be based on what is known about L2 acquisition and best teaching practices (Rosell-Aguilar, 2007; 2009). Therefore, the author addresses some of the aspects of language learning and teaching that should be considered in order to create well-informed podcasts that aim at the four proposed learning objectives.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document