Everyday Competence in Old and Very Old Age: An Inter-disciplinary Perspective

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret M. Baltes ◽  
Ulrich Mayr ◽  
Markus Borchelt ◽  
Ineke Maas ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Wilms
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Disciplinary Perspective ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Structural Aspects

ABSTRACTIn the present paper the focus is on structural aspects of everyday competence and its relationship with various personal resources, such as health, social status, self concept and cognition. The findings support the hypothesis that two distinct, albeit intercorrelated, components of everyday competence are differentially related to the various resources examined in this paper. The two components are a basic level of competence (BaCo) which is defined mainly by self-care related activities, and an expanded level of competence (ExCo) associated mostly with leisure and social activities and advanced instrumental activities of daily living. In general, BaCo is more strongly related to health-related resources, and ExCo is more strongly associated with behavioural, psychological and social resources. 90.6% of the reliable variance in ExCo and 82.4% in BaCo are explained by these selected resources. Furthermore, all of the age-related variance in everyday competence is accounted for by these health-related and socio-behavioural resources.

IC-P-100: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study of Age-Related Shrinkage in the Superior,Middle and Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Old and Very Old Age

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S40-S40
Author(s):  
Olof E. Lindberg ◽  
Carl-Henrik Ehrenkrona ◽  
Linnea Engström ◽  
Leif A. Svensson ◽  
Eva Öhrndahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Very Old Age

Self and personality in old and very old age: A sample case of resilience?

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. M. Staudinger ◽  
W. Fleeson
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rough Approximation ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
Personal Life Investment

AbstractCharacteristics and processes linked to self and personality functioning are considered as illustrations of resilience in old and very old age. Two self-related processes—coping styles and personal life investment—are investigated as examples of internal resources that the aging person may bring to bear when dealing with the risks of old age. Beyond chronological age as a rough approximation of such risks, this article specifically explores the relationship between physical risks, self-related processes, and level of adaptation in a representative sample of 70- to 103-year-olds. The central hypothesis is that self-related processes may buffer age-related risks, and may to a certain degree preserve or avoid large drops in levels of adaptation. Working on a correlational level of analysis, results indicated that well into old age, the self is able to maintain a relatively high level of adaptation. Also, under conditions of a high degree of physical constraints: (a) both coping styles and personal life investment were associated with resilience; (b) beyond particular coping styles, a selective flexibility in coping was associated with resilience. The degree of physical constraints moderated (c) the adaptiveness of several coping styles and of personal life investment; and (d) extreme physical constraints appeared to limit the possibilities of resilience. The effect of physical constraints on level of adaptation in turn was moderated by age. Consistent with a life-span theory of development, results are interpreted as an example of evidence for the resilience of the aging self and its limits.

scholarly journals Theoretical foundations of the educational module aimed at providing students with a complex of knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for understanding the specifics of color communication of elderly people

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Griber ◽  
Yulia Ustimenko
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Educational Module ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
Different Color ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The goal of the paper is to present the theoretical foundations of a unique training program aimed at providing students with a complex of knowledge, skills and abilities needed to understand the specifics of color communication in old and very old age. The objectives of the paper include an analytical review of the sources that have defined the program content, the structure of the educational module, and its methodological basis. The selection of research sources was carried out through the RSCI, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science systems. In the process of work the methods of theoretical and comparative analysis, systematization and generalization of materials were used. The authors provide a detailed analysis of the sources, which represent the dynamics of age-related physiological changes in color vision and examine their impact on color communication of elderly people. Each of the theoretical models included into the review makes a special contribution to the development of the problem. The experiments with colored glasses of K. Ishihara et al. provide an opportunity to feel the impact of age-related decline in visual ability on everyday life and habits of an aging person. The research of D.T. Lindsay and A.M. Brown helps to understand how aging of the eye influences perception of individual shades. The method of M.F. Hassan's research group simulates how elderly people see different color combinations and complex images. An optical google of T. Suzuki et al. enables young people to experience senile miosis in any environment in real time under different illuminance conditions. J.L. Hardy's et al. experiment explains why elderly people often do not realize that their color perception is changing. In the complex, all the studies presented in the review help students to better understand the specifics of color communication in old and very old age, and thus to form a sustainable complex of knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for improving the quality of color design projects, creating by young professionals for elderly people

scholarly journals Basic Resources and Psychological Strengths as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
Charikleia Lampraki ◽  
Daniela Jopp
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
Psychological Strengths

Abstract Loss of personal resources is expected to have a negative effect on well-being in all ages, however, in very old age, this effect may be exacerbated. Centenarians, who are confronted with accumulated age-related losses, may be at higher risk of experiencing depressive symptoms. This study investigated the link between basic resources (i.e., health, social network) and depressive symptoms and whether it was mediated by psychological strengths (i.e., meaning, optimism) in 119 centenarians and near-centenarians (Mage = 99.7 years). Results indicated that meaning in life fully mediated the link between health and depressive symptoms, and the link between social network size and depressive symptoms. Similarly, optimism mediated the link between network and depression, but no mediation effect was found when considering health as basic resource. In sum, basic resources are only indirectly associated to depressive feelings, with psychological strengths playing an important intervening role in very old age.

Housing-related control beliefs and independence in activities of daily living in very old age

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Oswald ◽  
Hans-Werner Wahl ◽  
Oliver Schilling ◽  
Susanne Iwarsson
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Very Old Age

scholarly journals Empathic Accuracy: Helpful to Avoid Negative Affect in Old Age?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 627-628
Author(s):  
Cornelia Wieck ◽  
Martin Katzorreck ◽  
Denis Gerstorf ◽  
Oliver Schilling ◽  
Anna Jori Lücke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Empathic Accuracy ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Young Old

Abstract Past work suggests age-related declines in empathic accuracy and that these declines may put older people at risk for heightened stress reactivity and low affective well-being. We addressed these questions using data from the fourth wave of the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Aging (ILSE). To assess empathic accuracy, the young-old (N=115, Mage=63.4, SDage=1.13) and old-old (N=31, Mage=82.3, SDage=.87) participants of ILSE watched six film clips of individuals, who thought-aloud about an emotional autobiographical event, and were asked to rate each individual’s emotions. Subsequently, participants watched a film about Alzheimer’s disease and their subjective and cardiovascular stress reactions were assessed. Empathic accuracy was lower in old-old, as compared with young-old, individuals. Furthermore, empathic accuracy was only associated with low levels of stress reactivity among young-old but not old-old individuals. This suggests that empathic accuracy is not only compromised in very old age, but also appears to be of lower adaptive utility.

DIFFERENCES OF THE HEALTH- RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE SENIOR CITIZENS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Błachnio
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Polish Adaptation ◽  
High Level

The aim of the study was to examine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the elderly in Poland. Researcher investigated if differences between gender groups were influenced by other variables such as period of ageing („young-old” vr „old-old”) and place of residence (big city, small town, village). The study sample comprised 2565 elderly who were at least 60 years of age. The average age for men was 72,76 and for women 72,39. The health-related quality of life was evaluated using the Polish adaptation WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Respondents rated both quality of life and general health well. Nevertheless the health-related quality of life domains’ rating decreases with age. Women are commonly less satisfied with the WHOQOL-BREF domains. Men living in little towns declared not only a high level of quality of life, but their estimates in the early and late old age are similar. The diversity of health-related quality of life needs further investigation along with a number of more subjective indicators of individual experiencing one’s old age (e.g. sense of one’s time of life or the awareness of age-related changes).

scholarly journals Individual values and spirituality and their meaning for affective well-being and engagement with life in very old age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Reissmann ◽  
Anna Storms ◽  
Christiane Woopen
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Old People ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Very Old Age

Abstract Background Individuals’ ideals and aspirations are considered to constitute a central reference frame for subjective evaluations of their perceived reality, and, thus, to be crucial for individual quality of life (QoL) outcomes. By examining individual values and spirituality in very old people, the aim of this study was to describe two constructs representing the aspirations of the individual, as well as the relation of these constructs to both hedonic and eudaimonic QoL outcomes in very old age (VOA). Material and methods Cross-sectional data from a representative survey of people in VOA (NRW80+, n = 1863) were used. Individual values were assessed based on the Portrait Value Questionnaire. A revised questionnaire was developed drawing on the Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure. Individual values and spirituality were studied using descriptive statistics, and hierarchical linear regression models were used to analyze their predictive value for two QoL outcomes: 1) affective well-being as an indicator of hedonic QoL, which was assessed using the positive affect subscale of the short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and 2) engagement with life, which captures eudaimonic aspects and which was measured with a subscale of the Valuation of Life Scale. Results The most important values were both protection and growth-oriented values with a social focus. However, only values representing strivings for growth had a positive association with QoL outcomes. Spirituality was of high relevance to very old people, although not in the sense of religious institutions or practices. Rather, it predominantly consisted in environmental, interpersonal, and transcendental connectedness, all of which were positively connected to QoL outcomes. Conclusion Individual values and spirituality can be an important resource for hedonic as well as eudaimonic QoL; however, age-related losses may lead to an emphasis of protective values that are not beneficial in terms of QoL. To support older people on their spiritual journey, a broad concept of spirituality needs to be established among researchers as well as practitioners.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Pranayam Techniques in Reduction of Stress among Old Age People at Selected Rural Community at Bhopal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2&3) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Venice Mariya David ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
High Level ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Prolonged Life Expectancy ◽  
Moderate Stress

Introduction:Emergent old in a society that has been obsessed with youth may have a critical impact on the mental health of many people. Older people may face worsening health or dwindling finances or simply the challenges of retaining their independence. Unfortunately, the body’s natural defenses against stress gradually break down with age. Psychological stress has frequently been associated with a broad spectrum of negative health outcomes Although life after the retirement age is generally considered to be a peaceful period of life, many psychological challenges, such as loneliness, bereavement, caring for a family member and deterioration of own health, may occur, all of which can lead to increased levels of stress. Due to prolonged life expectancy, more and more adults are reaching very old age, increasing the possibility to face health-related stressors consequently leading to higher levels of perceived stress. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of pranayama in reduction of stress among old age people. Methodology: The researcher used.pre experimental research design with evaluative approach used, setting of the study was Apna Old Age Home, Bhopal and sample size comprises of 30 old age people residing in old age homes. Result: The present finding of the study indicate that in pretest majority 20 (66.67%) of old age people had high perceived stress, 7(23.33%) had moderate stress, and 3 (10.%) had low stress. In Post-test: Majority 25 (83.33%) of old age people had moderate stress and 2 (16.66%) had low stress and none of having high level of stress perceived after doing pranayama. Conclusion: pranayama is a very cheap and cost effective in reduction of various psychological problems without having any side effect.

scholarly journals Consequences of chronic diseases and other limitations associated with old age – a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Maresova ◽  
Ehsan Javanmardi ◽  
Sabina Barakovic ◽  
Jasmina Barakovic Husic ◽  
Signe Tomsone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Abstract Content

Abstract Background The phenomenon of the increasing number of ageing people in the world is arguably the most significant economic, health and social challenge that we face today. Additionally, one of the major epidemiologic trends of current times is the increase in chronic and degenerative diseases. This paper tries to deliver a more up to date overview of chronic diseases and other limitations associated with old age and provide a more detailed outlook on the research that has gone into this field. Methods First, challenges for seniors, including chronic diseases and other limitations associated with old age, are specified. Second, a review of seniors’ needs and concerns is performed. Finally, solutions that can improve seniors’ quality of life are discussed. Publications obtained from the following databases are used in this scoping review: Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct. Four independent reviewers screened the identified records and selected relevant publications published from 2010 to 2017. A total of 1916 publications were selected. In all, 52 papers were selected based on abstract content. For further processing, 21 full papers were screened.” Results The results indicate disabilities as a major problem associated with seniors’ activities of daily living dependence. We founded seven categories of different conditions - psychological problems, difficulties in mobility, poor cognitive function, falls and incidents, wounds and injuries, undernutrition, and communication problems. In order to minimize ageing consequences, some areas require more attention, such as education and training; technological tools; government support and welfare systems; early diagnosis of undernutrition, cognitive impairment, and other diseases; communication solutions; mobility solutions; and social contributions. Conclusions This scoping review supports the view on chronic diseases in old age as a complex issue. To prevent the consequences of chronic diseases and other limitations associated with old age related problems demands multicomponent interventions. Early recognition of problems leading to disability and activities of daily living (ADL) dependence should be one of essential components of such interventions.

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