D. van Gerven, C.A.V. Aalders, eds., European Economic Interest Groupings: The EEC Regulation and its Application in the Member States of the European Community, Kluwer Law and Taxation Publ., Deventer 1990, 297 pp., Dfl. 165.

1992 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
M.E. Koppenol-Laforce
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic

Does the EFTA Court Interpret the EEA Agreement as if it were the EC Treaty? Some Questions Raised by the Restamark Judgment

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Kronenberger
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
European Community ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
European Court ◽  
Homogeneous Area

The European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement signed in May 1992 between the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) States, the European Community (EC) and the EC member States' seeks to establish “a dynamic and homogeneous” area by extending provisions which apply within the European Community to the EEA.2 The first decision of the EFTA Court,3 interpreting the EEA Agreement to determine its application within the legal orders of the EFTA States, concerned the Finnish alcohol monopoly. The Restamark decision was awaited with great interest to know to what extent the EFTA Court would follow the European Court of Justice's interpretation of the EC Treaty in order to achieve the aims of the EEA Agreement.

The European Economic Community: A Sovereign Entity Under its Own Legal Order

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Ivan Sipkov
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Community ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Common

The European Economic Community (EEC), also known as the European Community, the Common Market, and the Community, originated through the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Treaty. The inaugural agreement was signed in Paris on April 18, 1951, and became effective on July 25, 1952. The original members included Germany, France, Italy, and the Benelux countries of Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. The primary task of the ECSC Treaty was to create a common market for coal and steel by prohibiting all duties on imports and exports and all quantitative and private restraints on competition. This Treaty is considered the first step towards a united Europe. Its decisive innovation was to entitle the Community's institutions established by the Treaty to directly bind member states and enterprises by means of its decisions.

Fuzzy Economic Regions in Europe

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ponsard ◽  
P Tranqui
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Regions

Economic regions are fuzzy spaces. A taxonomic method of fuzzy regionalization is presented to describe regions which maintain their imprecise characteristics and frontiers. All fuzzy aspects of elementary spatial units, from which regionalization is carried out, can thus be integrated at every stage of the classification process. This method is then applied to the member States of the European Economic Community. The results are original because they lead to interesting conclusions about the regional structures of the European Community.

Regional Policy in the European Community: Its Impact on Regional Policies and Public Administration in the Mediterranean Member States

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Tömmel
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
European Community ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Member States ◽  
Regional Policies ◽  
First Time

When the European Community (EC) created the European Fund for Regional Development (EFRD) in 1975, regional policy was established at an international level for the first time ever. Because of the chosen instruments and the ‘additive’ mechanism of implementation—via the administrative bodies of the member states—this policy seemed at first to mean little more than a reinforcement of regional policies at a national level. Since then, the EC has considerably intensified its regional policy and diversified its instruments. However, the recent reforms of the Community's regional policy serve not only to achieve (certain) development effects with respect to the economic structure of less-developed areas, but also as a means of reorganizing governmental (planning) bodies and regional development policies in the member states, that is, as a means of inducing modernization and differentiation of state intervention in the countries concerned. Thus, the EC intervenes’ in the affairs of the member states: Not in the shape of more or less authoritarian intervention by a superior body—EC powers do not permit this—but via the indirect effect of market mechanism. Subsidies are the economic incentive to collaborate.

China and the European Community

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 647-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
European Community ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Chinese Leadership ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
Formal Relationship

”France and China,” said Alain Peyrefitte, the Gaullist leader, in Peking two years ago, “ are objective allies.” In a broader sense it could be said today that China and the European Community are objective allies - even though they do not yet enjoy a formal relationship. The Chinese leadership has consistently and strongly supported the enlargement of the European Economic Community (EEC) which from the beginning of 1973 has joined Great Britain, the Irish Republic and Denmark to the original six founders (Belgium, France, West Germany, Holland, Italy and Luxembourg) in a venture which promises at long last an institutional framework within which Western Europe could move towards economic and political unity.

scholarly journals Diplomatic Steps of the Antall Government towards the Euro-Atlantic Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
János Sáringer
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
European Community ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Full Membership ◽  
Member States ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
The Future

Abstract My dissertation is based on more than ten years of archival research. One of the goals of Antall’s foreign policy was the Euro-Atlantic integration. In December 1991, Hungary signed an association agreement with the European Community. By 1992, opinions on the future were divided between and within the Member States of the European Communities. There was a debate among the twelve about the concept of ‘deepening’ or ‘widening’, and the term ‘multi-speed Europe’ appeared. At this time, a number of questions arose about the full membership of the Trio in NATO, of which ‘how’ and ‘when’ came first. It has also been suggested whether it would be more appropriate to intensify economic and political cooperation rather than military ones. Perhaps the NACC should be thoroughly expanded first and then move on to expanding the range of full member states?

Unification of gift and inheritance taxes and the protection of taxpayers – the inheritors and recipients of donations

2021 ◽  
Vol IV (IV) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Stefan Babiarz
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Union Member ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
European Union Member States

Gift and inheritance tax in the European Union Member States is calculated and charged in numerous ways. In the majority of countries of the European Economic Community it constitutes a separate tax. In several countries it is not charged at all or is part of the income tax. Despite the attempts made by the European Commission to unify the legislation of the Member States in this regard, there has been no success. The article presents the above-mentioned attempts of the European Commission, their results and consequences. It identifies the methods of avoiding a double or even triple taxation on cross-border inheritances or donations. This is of crucial significance also to the Polish citizens who demonstrate higher and higher investment activity in the countries of the European Economic Community and third countries.

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