Development of Mupirocin Resistance Among Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusAfter Widespread Use of Nasal Mupirocin Ointment

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 811-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Miller ◽  
Andre Dascal ◽  
Joseph Portnoy ◽  
Jack Mendelson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Nasal Mupirocin ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
Mupirocin Ointment ◽  
Mrsa Strains

AbstractAll methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains isolated from colonized or infected patients in a 625-bed public teaching hospital during an epidemic, and for 3 years thereafter, underwent susceptibility testing to mupirocin. Mupirocin resistance among MRSA increased markedly over this period (1990, 2.7%; 1991, 8.0%; 1992, 61.5%; 1993, 65%) in association with increased use of mupirocin ointment as an adjunct to infection control measures.

scholarly journals Clonality, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood in Shandong, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuezhi Wang ◽  
Dongzi Lin ◽  
Zengqi Huang ◽  
Jinmei Zhang ◽  
Wenyan Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Infection Control Measures

Abstract Background Bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can be life-threatening and pose a great challenge to infection control and clinical treatment. However, little information exists regarding the characterization of S. aureus in BSI patients in Shandong, China. To identify the clonality, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus in blood, a total of 101 nonrepetitive blood isolates were collected. The antibiotic resistance phenotypes were determined, and virulence genes were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, the genetic relatedness was investigated with Staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, Staphylococcal protein A (spa), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for all of 101 isolates. Results Of the 101 S. aureus isolates, 24 MRSA isolates and 77 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were identified. Overall, MRSA isolates had higher resistance rates than MSSA isolates when exposed to any of the 15 antibiotics tested in this study except for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Among the 17 virulence genes tested in this study, hla, hld, and hlg could be detected in all isolates. MRSA isolates were more likely to carry seb and hlb genes, while MSSA isolates were more likely to carry seg and sei genes. Thirty-five sequence types (STs) and 49 spa types were identified, of which ST59-t437 and ST398-t571 were the most abundant. These two genotypes were also the most abundant ST-spa types in MRSA and MSSA isolates, but their abundances shifted over time, with ST398-t571 being the predominant genotype from 2016 to 2017, and ST59-t437 from 2018 to 2020. Besides, all the ST59-t437 isolates harbored hlgb gene, whereas most (88.9%) ST398-t571 did not. In addition, twenty-four MRSA isolates were subject to SCCmec typing. SCCmec IVa was the most prevalent SCCmec type, and all the ST59-t437 MRSA isolates were SCCmec IVa. We also observed 15 new STs, and some of them were MRSA. Conclusion These findings provide additional observations and epidemiological data for blood S. aureus isolates, which can improve future infection-control measures and aid in potential clinical treatments in hospitals and other clinical settings.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of BD Phoenix CPO Detect for Carbapenemase Production in 190 Enterobacteriaceae Isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiou Horng Ong ◽  
Lasantha Ratnayake ◽  
Michelle L. T. Ang ◽  
Raymond Tzer Pin Lin ◽  
Douglas Su Gin Chan
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Infection Control Measures

ABSTRACT The rapid and accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is necessary for patient management and infection control measures. We compared the performance of the BD Phoenix CPO Detect with that of a homemade Carba NP assay and a modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) by challenging all 3 assays with 190 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae with meropenem MICs of >0.125 mg/liter. A total of 160 isolates produced KPC-, IMI-1-, NDM-, IMP-, and OXA-type carbapenemases, while 30 isolates were negative for carbapenemase production. The sensitivity and specificity were 90.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.0% to 94.7%) and 100.0% (95% CI, 88.4% to 100.0%), respectively, for the Carba NP; 100.0% (95% CI, 97.7% to 100.0%) and 96.7% (95% CI, 82.7% to 99.9%), respectively, for the mCIM; and 89.4% (95% CI, 83.5% to 93.7%) and 66.7% (95% CI, 47.2% to 82.7%), respectively, for the BD Phoenix CPO Detect. In particular, the BD CPO Detect failed to detect a significant number of CPE with IMI-1. While the BD Phoenix CPO Detect is able to classify carbapenemases and is built into routine susceptibility testing with the potential to reduce the time to CPE detection, its low specificity means that a positive result will need confirmatory testing by another method.

scholarly journals The Prevalence, Risk, and Management of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Diverse Populations across Canada: A Systematic Review

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mitevska ◽  
Britney Wong ◽  
Bas G. J. Surewaard ◽  
Craig N. Jenne
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Mrsa Infection

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) first emerged after methicillin was introduced to combat penicillin resistance, and its prevalence in Canada has increased since the first MRSA outbreak in the early 1980s. We reviewed the existing literature on MRSA prevalence in Canada over time and in diverse populations across the country. MRSA prevalence increased steadily in the 1990s and 2000s and remains a public health concern in Canada, especially among vulnerable populations, such as rural, remote, and Indigenous communities. Antibiotic resistance patterns and risk factors for MRSA infection were also reported. All studies reported high susceptibility (>85%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with no significant resistance reported for vancomycin, linezolid, or rifampin. While MRSA continues to have susceptibility to several antibiotics, the high and sometimes variable resistance rates to other drugs underscores the importance of antimicrobial stewardship. Risk factors for high MRSA infection rates related to infection control measures, low socioeconomic status, and personal demographic characteristics were also reported. Additional surveillance, infection control measures, enhanced anti-microbial stewardship, and community education programs are necessary to decrease MRSA prevalence and minimize the public health risk posed by this pathogen.

scholarly journals Compliance of Dental Students toward Infection Control in Dental Teaching Hospital at Thamar University – Yemen

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Saleh Al-anesi ◽  
Mohammed Nasser Alhajj ◽  
Abdulghani Ali Al-Basmi
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

<p><strong><em>Objectives:</em></strong> The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice related to gender and study level toward infection control among senior dental students. <strong><em>Materials and Methods:</em></strong> The self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the pre-doctoral dental students (4th and 5th levels) in the Dental Teaching Hospital at Thamar University. It included questions related to vaccinations as well as knowledge and practice toward infection control. The collected data was analyzed using Chi-squared test with significant level <em>P</em>-value &lt; 0.05. <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> Response rate was 63%. Distribution of gender among the participants was almost equal with slight increase in number of male subjects. Participated students from 4<sup>th</sup>-year level were also close to the number of students from 5<sup>th</sup>-year level. Hepatitis immunization was completed by only 12.9% male students and 17.3% females with no significant difference. Likewise, no significant difference was found among the participants by study level. More than 90% of participants reported always wearing gloves during dental treatment. Unexpectedly, however, using of other protective barriers was low. More than 90% of students, with no significant difference between genders or study levels, reported sterilizing instruments after each dental procedure. <strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> The present study showed that the level of knowledge and practice of infection control measures was poor among dental students. The attitude towards infectious control measures was positive, but a greater compliance was needed. Rigorous infection control training for students prior to graduation is also highly recommended.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Infection control, Compliance, Dental students, Yemen.</p>

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