Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Institutional Setting: Another Hot Zone

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 484-489
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Ostroff
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Frequent Use

AbstractDuring the closing years of the 20th century, there has been an unprecedented number of newly recognized infectious agents and a resurgence of infectious diseases only recently thought to be conquered. These problems have been compounded by the increasing number of pathogens that have evolved resistance to antimicrobial agents. Hospitals and other institutional settings occupy a pivotal niche in the emergence of infectious agents due to factors such as the large concentrations of ill and immunocompromised persons, evolving technologies in healthcare settings, routine breeches of host defense mechanisms, and frequent use of antimicrobial agents. Any comprehensive strategy to address emerging infectious diseases must incorporate provisions for healthcare settings, including efforts to enhance surveillance, response capacity, training, education, applied research, and routine implementation of prevention measures.

scholarly journals The role of nutrition in strengthening immune system against newly emerging viral diseases: case of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Meghit Boumediene Khaled ◽  
Nada Benajiba
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
World Health ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Prevention Measures

The immune system is involved in the protection of host against environmental agents such as pathogenic micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) and chemicals, thereby preserving the integrity of the body. To preserve organism defense mechanisms, adequate nutritional status should be maintained with appropriate intakes of calories, vitamins, minerals and water that should be continuously provided by a healthy diet. The emergence of new infectious diseases with new pathogenic properties constitutes a serious health issue worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) represents one of the most recent emerging infectious diseases, caused by a novel coronavirus member called (SARS-CoV-2), identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, and recognized as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The nutritional status of each COVID-19-infected patient should be assessed prior undertaking treatments. Nutritional support should be the basis of management of any infected individual. However, prevention measures remain the first priority and strategy to develop throughout proper hygiene, healthy diet and staying home. Keywords: Nutrition, Immune system, Viral diseases, SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Virus-Like Particles: Revolutionary Platforms for Developing Vaccines Against Emerging Infectious Diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnat Tariq ◽  
Sannia Batool ◽  
Saaim Asif ◽  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Bilal Haider Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Expression Systems ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
To Come ◽  
Conventional Vaccine ◽  
Insight Into

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that possess diverse applications in therapeutics, immunization, and diagnostics. With the recent advancements in biomedical engineering technologies, commercially available VLP-based vaccines are being extensively used to combat infectious diseases, whereas many more are in different stages of development in clinical studies. Because of their desired characteristics in terms of efficacy, safety, and diversity, VLP-based approaches might become more recurrent in the years to come. However, some production and fabrication challenges must be addressed before VLP-based approaches can be widely used in therapeutics. This review offers insight into the recent VLP-based vaccines development, with an emphasis on their characteristics, expression systems, and potential applicability as ideal candidates to combat emerging virulent pathogens. Finally, the potential of VLP-based vaccine as viable and efficient immunizing agents to induce immunity against virulent infectious agents, including, SARS-CoV-2 and protein nanoparticle-based vaccines has been elaborated. Thus, VLP vaccines may serve as an effective alternative to conventional vaccine strategies in combating emerging infectious diseases.

scholarly journals The Power of Music to Prevent and Control Emerging Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Benavides ◽  
Cristina Caparrós ◽  
Ramiro Monã da Silva ◽  
Tiziana Lembo ◽  
Philip Tem Dia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Music is a powerful approach to engage communities and disseminate information. Specifically, health campaigns employing music have been used to promote behaviors that can prevent emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). For example, hip hop artists supported campaigns to prevent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the 70s in the United States, while Brazilian funk promoted vaccination to mitigate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, we broadcast musical messages in local languages to increase community awareness and support prevention measures in Guinea and Liberia in response to the recent Ebola outbreak in 2021. Given the potential of music to promote both individual and population-level behavioral changes to prevent transmission, there is a need to consolidate information on music-based health interventions, and on how we can measure their effectiveness. In this perspective, we provide examples of relevant initiatives, discussing challenges and solutions associated with implementing interventions based on our experience with the 2021 Ebola outbreak. We recommend four steps for a successful music-based health intervention including (1) establishing a task force, (2) compose a “catchy” song including critical preventive measures, (3) deliver the song to the target audience, and (4) evaluate the campaign effectiveness. We argue that close interactions between scientists and musicians can produce rapid musical content for disease prevention. We also identify and discuss several methodological frameworks for testing the effectiveness of such interventions. We conclude that support from public health authorities, government media departments, and international agencies, is necessary to deliver wide outreach and long-term sustainability of musical messaging toward effective EID prevention.

scholarly journals Biobanks – serum and cells – human and animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Lynda Wright
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
The World

The Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), CSIRO is a high-containment facility and a vital part of Australia's national biosecurity infrastructure. AAHL closely collaborates with veterinary and human health agencies globally, as approximately 70 per cent of emerging infectious diseases in people originate in animals. The facility is designed to allow scientific research into the most dangerous infectious agents in the world and contains a large collection of serum and cell lines.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence for the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents for emerging infectious diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bess ◽  
Frej Berglind ◽  
Supratik Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Michal Brylinski ◽  
Nicholas Griggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases

scholarly journals Modelling and Estimating the Transmissibility of COVID-19: Transmission Dynamics in Shaanxi Province of China as a Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Sheng Zhang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Huan Xiong ◽  
Zhengji Chen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Strong Control ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract To control and contain the outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19, it is important to know how easy and fast they transmit among people. To explore the essential information of the novel infectious agents, people always confront an inverse problem: using (partially) observed numbers of infected people by time and region to dig up the underlying characteristics of unknown infectious agents. Epidemics armed with advanced statistical inference and mathematical theory has been developed to help reconstruct transmission dynamics processes and to estimate key features of infectious diseases. In this study we use COVID-19 outbreak in Shaanxi province as an example to illustrate how the infectious disease dynamics method can be used to help build the transmission process and to estimate the transmissibility of COVID-19. Three transmission dynamics models were proposed for this. By separating continuous importation from local transmission and treating imported cases as the source rather than results of local transmission, the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 in Shaanxi province was estimated in the range from 0.46 to 0.61, well below the critical value of 1.0. This indicates that COVID-19 cannot self-sustain in Shaanxi province and reflects the timely and strong control measures taken in Shaanxi province.

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