scholarly journals Virus-Like Particles: Revolutionary Platforms for Developing Vaccines Against Emerging Infectious Diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnat Tariq ◽  
Sannia Batool ◽  
Saaim Asif ◽  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Bilal Haider Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Expression Systems ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
To Come ◽  
Conventional Vaccine ◽  
Insight Into

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that possess diverse applications in therapeutics, immunization, and diagnostics. With the recent advancements in biomedical engineering technologies, commercially available VLP-based vaccines are being extensively used to combat infectious diseases, whereas many more are in different stages of development in clinical studies. Because of their desired characteristics in terms of efficacy, safety, and diversity, VLP-based approaches might become more recurrent in the years to come. However, some production and fabrication challenges must be addressed before VLP-based approaches can be widely used in therapeutics. This review offers insight into the recent VLP-based vaccines development, with an emphasis on their characteristics, expression systems, and potential applicability as ideal candidates to combat emerging virulent pathogens. Finally, the potential of VLP-based vaccine as viable and efficient immunizing agents to induce immunity against virulent infectious agents, including, SARS-CoV-2 and protein nanoparticle-based vaccines has been elaborated. Thus, VLP vaccines may serve as an effective alternative to conventional vaccine strategies in combating emerging infectious diseases.

THE PEDIATRICIAN AND IATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-602
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Brown University ◽  
Roger Williams ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Exposed Child

The privilege of presenting the second R. Cannon Eley Memorial Lecture permits acknowledgment of personal indebtedness to an individual who was a pediatrician's pediatrician. In 1939, with a primary interest in infectious and parasitic disease, I was faced with the choice of an internship. The decision was not difficult for the superb teaching of communicable and infectious diseases by the group composed of Charles F. McKhann, R. Cannon Eley, Leroy Fothergill, and John Davies at the Children's had a magnetic quality and the diversified program of research on infectious agents then in progress was unique in Boston. In the McKhann-Eley laboratory, extraction of gamma-globulin from human placentas was to provide the first preparation for the prevention or modification of measles in the exposed child. From 1946 to 1963, when Cannon resigned his Children's and Harvard appointments to become Professor of Pediatrics at Brown University and Chairman of the Department of Pediatrics at Roger Williams Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island, he was our pediatrician. Thus our affection for Cannon and appreciation for his depth of clinical experience in the communicable disease field, stems from an association that transcended that customarily achieved between a senior staff man and his junior. As a consequence, we, perhaps more than others, had partial insight into Cannon's numerous unpublicized acts of kindness to generations of house staff and graduate students, as he assisted in the resolution of their personal crises, be they professional, economic or social. From the foregoing remarks it is apparent that the request to present this Eley lecture has evoked memories of my own years at the Children's, and in turn reflection on changes that have occurred in the interim in the teaching and handling of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Biobanks – serum and cells – human and animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Lynda Wright
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
The World

The Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), CSIRO is a high-containment facility and a vital part of Australia's national biosecurity infrastructure. AAHL closely collaborates with veterinary and human health agencies globally, as approximately 70 per cent of emerging infectious diseases in people originate in animals. The facility is designed to allow scientific research into the most dangerous infectious agents in the world and contains a large collection of serum and cell lines.

Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Institutional Setting: Another Hot Zone

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 484-489
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Ostroff
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Frequent Use

AbstractDuring the closing years of the 20th century, there has been an unprecedented number of newly recognized infectious agents and a resurgence of infectious diseases only recently thought to be conquered. These problems have been compounded by the increasing number of pathogens that have evolved resistance to antimicrobial agents. Hospitals and other institutional settings occupy a pivotal niche in the emergence of infectious agents due to factors such as the large concentrations of ill and immunocompromised persons, evolving technologies in healthcare settings, routine breeches of host defense mechanisms, and frequent use of antimicrobial agents. Any comprehensive strategy to address emerging infectious diseases must incorporate provisions for healthcare settings, including efforts to enhance surveillance, response capacity, training, education, applied research, and routine implementation of prevention measures.

scholarly journals Modelling and Estimating the Transmissibility of COVID-19: Transmission Dynamics in Shaanxi Province of China as a Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Sheng Zhang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Huan Xiong ◽  
Zhengji Chen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Strong Control ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract To control and contain the outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19, it is important to know how easy and fast they transmit among people. To explore the essential information of the novel infectious agents, people always confront an inverse problem: using (partially) observed numbers of infected people by time and region to dig up the underlying characteristics of unknown infectious agents. Epidemics armed with advanced statistical inference and mathematical theory has been developed to help reconstruct transmission dynamics processes and to estimate key features of infectious diseases. In this study we use COVID-19 outbreak in Shaanxi province as an example to illustrate how the infectious disease dynamics method can be used to help build the transmission process and to estimate the transmissibility of COVID-19. Three transmission dynamics models were proposed for this. By separating continuous importation from local transmission and treating imported cases as the source rather than results of local transmission, the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 in Shaanxi province was estimated in the range from 0.46 to 0.61, well below the critical value of 1.0. This indicates that COVID-19 cannot self-sustain in Shaanxi province and reflects the timely and strong control measures taken in Shaanxi province.

Evolution, Ayurveda, immunity, and preventive aspects for emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Dhirajsingh Sumersingh Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Breathing Exercise ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Living Being

Evolution is continuous process of changes in structural and physiological mechanism in living being. Microbes/pathogens can evolve naturally or artificially and become resistant to various medicines. Novel coronavirus is such evolved pathogen of coronavirus group. Enough strong immunity is needed to prevent or survive from COVID-19 pandemic. Ayurveda provides ways for evolving physiological responses to built immunity. Present work is brief attempt to increase insight in this filed.Present review was done based on simple theory of evolution, recent updates regarding prevention of COVID-19, Ayurveda aspect toward infectious diseases and Ayurveda ways towards prevention of infectious diseases with special reference to COVID-19. Person with impaired immunity is more susceptible for COVID-19 and thus immunity is an important preventing factor. Ayurveda Rasayana (rejuvanation) herbs, Yoga exercises, Pranayama (special breathing exercise), daily regimens and personal hygiene guidelines can be helpful strategies in controlling the spread of COVID-19.The preventive aspects of pandemic situations are narrated in Ayurveda with enough details. These ways need to be scientifically explored and refined for precision. As prevention is always better than cure hence Ayurveda ways can be considered for future strategies to avoid pandemics such as COVID-19.  There is great need of research on Ayurveda medicines on COVID-19 like diseases.

Awareness of symptomatic differences Covid-19, SARS, Swine Flu, Common cold among dental students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1026-1033
Author(s):  
Nivedha Valliammai Mahalingam ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Kavitha S
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as SARS, MERS, Ebola, Swine Flu in the past. Dynamic interplay of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases. The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. The aim of the current study is to assess the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu and common cold among dental students that support the prevention of emergence or re-emergence. Cross-sectional type of study conducted among the undergraduate students comprising 100 Subjects. A questionnaire comprising 15 questions in total were framed, and responses were collected in Google forms in SPSS Software statistical analysis. The study has concluded that dental students have an awareness of the symptomatic differences between infectious viral disease. The study concluded that the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu, Common cold is good among the dental students who would pave the way for early diagnosis and avoid spreading of such diseases. A further awareness can be created by regular webinars, seminars and brainstorming sessions among these healthcare professionals.

Bats as the reservoir for outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Williams
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Natural Reservoir

A study from China has provided evidence that bats may be the natural reservoir for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

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